Essays form 2

becky mccoy homework 16. Talking, Knowing, Loving. Form! I'm am so terribly sorry that it took me this long to post another chapter. Two words: College Courses. Executive Research! When they're not using up all my time with homework, they're effectively sapping my energy. 2! I'm also sorry to tell you that this is the on the holocaust history, last real chapter of this story. Form! I wasn't planning on it going any further, and I don't think I could handle it. I already have another multi-chapter story going for putin phd thesis another fandom, and I've neglected it lately.

I have plans for a bit of an essays epilogue on this story, so that should be up before too long. Thank you, everyone, for all your support. Overall, I've had a wonderful time writing this story and knowing you're enjoying it too. Phd Thesis! Disclaimer: I don't own Star Trek. Sitting around waiting was one of Jim Kirk's least favorite activities. Dealing with a damaged ship and a flustered crew�that was one thing. He could handle that; he had been trained for it, and he was good at form it. The few days spent patching the Enterprise together and finally arriving at Earth had been nothing compared the essay addiction, eight hours spent at Starfleet Headquarters two days later, waiting for the remaining twenty-seven Brigadier crewmembers to be debriefed after their ordeal. Since he'd already filed his official report, Kirk didn't have to go through it himself; but he had decided last-minute that it was his duty to escort his former guests to headquarters and make sure everything went smoothly. He was really starting to regret that decision.

For one thing, he wasn't allowed into the debriefings. Plus, it was being done one person at a time, which stretched the whole ordeal out longer than he'd anticipated. And considering that the crewmembers waiting for debriefing were in the same hallway with him, he felt a bit awkward about leaving. And he hadn't thought to bring even a PADD with him. So he waited, bored, occasionally making stilted small talk with the others, wishing that he'd brought one of his command crewmembers with him.

But Spock was off in a lab somewhere for form 2 some experiment-or-other, Scotty was still working on ship repairs, and thesis, Uhura, Sulu, and Chekov were out and about, taking advantage of the unexpected shore leave the Enterprise crew had been granted. And for some reason absolutely unfathomable to Kirk, Rebecca Brandon had flat-out refused to let McCoy come with her. I honestly don't get it�they've been practically inseparable the last few days� It had become obvious to just about everyone the day after the Engineering accident that something had changed between the doctor and Rebecca. They were far more comfortable around each other, and it showed more every day. Kirk saw them brushing shoulders as they sat close together at a mess hall table, linking hands as they walked down a corridor. And now whenever Rebecca mentioned her possible future plans, she seemed to include McCoy in them. Perhaps the most obvious display of their affections occurred on the Bridge, of all places. As the Enterprise had come within visual range of Earth, most of the Brigadier crewmembers came up to get their first look at essays their home planet in over a decade. The crowded room had been a very emotional place to be for a few minutes, and all the more so when McCoy and Rebecca had suddenly decided to on renewable, exchange a rather lengthy kiss.

Though they'd been standing near the turbolift doors, everyone saw them. McCoy had pretended to be outraged by the number of form whistles and jokes that came their way from the essays holocaust, others on the Bridge (including Kirk); but in Jim's eyes, his friend hadn't looked remotely angry. Neither had Rebecca, though she'd clearly been a bit embarrassed. Whereas most kids probably would've been disgusted at their parents' display of essays form 2 affection, Reynard had appeared outrageously smug. Well, that's Reynard for you. Upon arriving on Earth's surface, all of the Brigadier crew members (save Rebecca and for pro life, Reynard) had at least one, if not several, of their family members waiting for them.

Emotionally speaking, the form, first sight of Earth was nothing compared to the ensuing scene on the planet's surface. Shortly afterwards, McCoy had informed Jim that he was taking Rebecca and Reynard to essay on facebook addiction, see his mother in essays form 2 Georgia, as soon as any official proceedings had been completed. Those official proceedings basically meant the debriefings. Rebecca went last. And it took longer than it had with anyone else. Research Paper! Well, naturally. She's the captain.

Or not. Essays 2! She still insisted that she wasn't. After some consideration, Kirk decided, Bullshit. She's the leader, her crew calls her Captain, and she calls them her crew�yeah, she may not have been officially promoted, but she's the captain, all right. Never mind her ship crashed. She'd stayed visibly tense and for the most part silent while waiting for her turn in one of the addiction, meeting rooms, making Kirk wonder yet again why she hadn't brought McCoy with her. Reynard certainly wasn't the issue; mostly likely he'd have been just fine staying alone in the doctor's apartment for a few hours.

But no, Rebecca hadn't wanted the McCoy, the man she was practically in a relationship with to come along to essays, what was bound to be a stressful situation. Thesis Statement Essay! Kind of essays form stupid, really. McCoy can at least get her to putin phd thesis, relax. Partly because McCoy wasn't there, Kirk still was. And while he was waiting, he got a call from 2 McCoy. Jim. Are you still at compensation research headquarters? Yes, Bones, I am.

Is something wrong? In her debriefing. Essays 2! Kirk rose from thesis his seat and essays form 2, began to pace. Goddamnit, how long is it going to take? How should I know? It can't be that much longer� It better not be. It's almost 1700 hours, damn it! Pause. How was she? Before she went in? She was obviously stressed� Kirk trailed off, uncertain.

She, uh, wouldn't talk except to tell her crewmembers not to wide sargasso sea, stick around�told them to leave as soon as they were finished�Some of them wanted to essays 2, stay. And she told them to essays on renewable energy, piss off, huh? Well�yeah. Though not in those exact words. Form! He heard a heavy sigh from his friend.

You know� McCoy spoke reluctantly, . she barely slept last night. She kept thrashing around . So I guess you didn't sleep much either. No, not really . The doctor's voice suddenly grew slightly more distant, like he wasn't speaking directly into his communicator. What was that, Reynard? Yeah, be right there. His voice grew clearer again. Jim, can you let me know when they let Rebecca out?

I'll do better than that. I'll bring her back to your place. Kirk snapped his communicator shut. Essays History! Well, I guess I'm actually stuck here, then. he muttered. He paced around for a few more minutes, finally sat down on one of the hall chairs, then got up and paced again, earning the bemused glances of essays a couple unfamiliar officers who happened to pass by. Roughly a half an hour after McCoy had called, Rebecca walked out of the meeting room, her back ramrod-straight. But moment the door shut behind her, her steps faltered. Before Kirk could move to statement essay, assist her, she stumbled to one of the chairs and dropped down in it heavily, doubling over essays form, with her hands covering her face. Thesis For Pro Essay! Her breathing was ragged and Kirk could have sworn that he heard something akin to a whimper escape her. Unsure of 2 what to do, the younger man sat down next to her and awkwardly patted her back.

After a few minutes, when her choking breaths finally steadied, he asked quietly, Um�do you need anything? Please tell me she's not going into shock again�Should I call McCoy? He was actually about to essay on facebook, ask her that when she abruptly sat up and brushed back her hair with shaking hands. However, her face, while pale, exhibited a calm expression. Form 2! No, just�just get me out of here.

Striding through the halls of Starfleet Headquarters, Kirk kept sneaking sideways glances at the woman beside him. He briefly recalled earlier comments from her, insisting that she was still interested in staying in Starfleet. Has she changed her mind? She finally noticed his glances. Don't worry, Kirk, your little 'mistake' in your report wasn't explicitly stated. I had a talk with my crew earlier�Though I think the executive research, officials suspect you fouled something up and just didn't care� It took him a second to figure out what she was referring too. Oh, right, that. Form! I did omit the comparing jane sargasso sea, fact that Reynard was on the ship for essays 2 a few days before she and the others were, didn't I? In his initial situation report, he'd neglected to mention the boy. Later, with his completed report of the mission, he'd stayed with that story. Putin Phd Thesis! It wasn't as if Starfleet wasn't used to essays 2, frequent discrepancies in the reports they received from the Enterprise . Essays Jane Eyre! As of late, none had been as serious as Kirk's flat-out lies about what had occurred on essays form 2, Nibiru, and he had a feeling that some people in Starfleet suspected him but overall turned a blind eye. He doubted that they considered Reynard a vital part of the whole affair, so that probably wouldn't be an issue now or ever.

Well, thanks, I guess. he said anyway as they left the main building and started down the front steps. Compensation Paper! Honestly, Kirk, I don't give a�Oh, shit. Rebecca halted, staring at someone at the bottom of the stairs. What? Kirk followed her gaze.

Oh, isn't that Evan Shaw? I thought he was your second-in-command�Speaking of essays form that, how come he was a lieutenant and you and ensign and yet you ended up in charge? Did you promote him? Rebecca started moving down the steps again, much more slowly. I never promoted anybody. He was in the science division; I was a bridge officer. It just fell out statement for pro life essay, that way.

And my captain promoted me to form, lieutenant commander just before he died. He didn't actually have any other options. Okay. On The History! So he's your second-in-command�and I thought he was your friend. But not lately.

Rebecca sighed as they approached the subject of their conversation. Essays 2! It's none of your business, Kirk. Rebecca! called Shaw from where he stood a short distance away. Can I talk to you? Kirk watched as Rebecca hesitated, then nodded. Give me a minute, Kirk. She nodded briefly and walked off towards her second-in-command, once again straight-backed, her footsteps steady. Essays Holocaust History! Kirk watched her and 2, Shaw as they spoke quietly for a couple minutes. Then Rebecca let out strained laugh that he heard clearly. On Renewable! She and Shaw embraced (rather uncomfortably, he noted), then the lieutenant turned and went to join another man who resembled him; a relative, Kirk supposed.

Rebecca came back to him, expression stony but her eyes red-rimmed. Shall we go then? I'll take you back to essays form 2, McCoy's. Essays! She nodded. Yeah, let's go. They took a cab back to Leonard's apartment, remaining silent the form, entire journey. Rebecca kept on running over the debriefing, which in reality had been more of a flat-out interrogation. They hadn't cared about life on Quirinus IV, or what had happened once she and her crew were on the Enterprise , or even the for pro essay, rescue on the planetoid.

They had all the information they needed concerning that. But all those things Rebecca could've talked about form 2 just fine. She could've even talked about holocaust history Reynard; something that they definitely hadn't cared about. And why would they? He's just a child, an accident; the result of two young people getting physical. One of the essays form, officials had actually said those last words near the beginning of the essays on the, meeting. If there'd been a projectile of some sort handy, Rebecca would've thrown it, etiquette be damned. No, they had wanted to know about the deaths (who died, how, and essays, when), the behavior of the Klingons (Rebecca was convinced that the same ones who had attacked the Brigadier were at least affiliated with the executive research, ones who came back years later, with disastrous results, and had said so), and exactly what had happened when the Brigadier had gone down. Essays! In other words, they had made Rebecca relive almost every moment of the crash, relate the essays, details of the deaths she witnessed, and explain her decisions as Acting Captain.

She tried to tell herself that their questions were merely professional, that they were simply doing their jobs, but it had felt increasingly as if they were trying to trap her into admitting some kind of essays form 2 guilt. They managed, at on the holocaust times, to destroy what little confidence she still had in herself. It felt so�personal. Essays 2! Do you think you made the right decision, ordering the thesis statement for pro, crew to essays 2, abandon ship? That question had hit her like a blow to the gut, and comparing jane wide, yet it was the one she had answered the most confidently. 2! Sir, if I hadn't, I wouldn't be standing here. I didn't make the right decision�I made the for pro, only one. Afterwards, all she wanted to do was curl up in 2 a corner somewhere and cry her eyes out. But that would have to wait. After she got back to the apartment, she could break down completely.

I'll probably have to hold myself together in front of essays energy Reynard�won't have to bother with Leonard, though� She'd come close to crying right in front of Starfleet Headquarters when she'd spoken with Evan. For the last few days on form, the Enterprise, she'd avoided him, instead concentrating on keeping Leonard close at all times. Energy! She felt that Evan had also avoided her. Then her second-in-command had suddenly wanted to talk. And she'd known it would be wrong to refuse. Form! Rebecca, I want to apologize. For what? You didn't do anything. I pushed your boundaries. For that I am truly sorry.

I just want to say that I understand. Comparing Eyre Wide Sargasso Sea! You love Dr. McCoy, you always have, and there's nothing I can do about it. Essays! It's okay, really. I've seen the on facebook, way he looks at you.

Evan had then changed the subject, telling her that he planned to stay in Starfleet, perhaps transfer to 2, one of the new starbases, saying that he still had a few good years of work left in him yet. Executive Research! She'd managed a laugh, then given him a hug. And just like that, they walked away from each other, without any mention of future meetings. She was fairly certain that she'd broken the heart of a man who had been possibly her closest confidant for essays form the last decade. She knew that she should feel guilty. Thesis Statement! Instead, she felt liberated. He understood her feelings, though he might not like it, and that understanding would have to be enough. Essays Form 2! For both of them. Leaning her head against the cab window, watching the streets of San Francisco slip past through bleary eyes. As the essays on the holocaust history, buildings and other hovercars blurred together in her vision, it finally struck her.

It was over. She had not yet allowed herself to form 2, believe that the ordeal had ended, that the years of isolation and struggle had come to phd thesis, a close. The future might be uncertain, but at least she knew there was one beyond dusty rocks and a sweltering purple sky. And she had Leonard and Reynard, of course. She let out a sort of essays form 2 stifled chuckle that must have sounded alarmingly like a sob to for pro, her companion. Uh, Rebecca? You okay? Looking around at essays form 2 Kirk and taking a deep breath, she said, Yeah. I'm okay. Sometime soon she'd probably break down and cry. Phd Thesis! But she felt that it was no longer imminent.

Everything was okay, for this moment. And she intended to form 2, enjoy it. So she smiled when they arrived at the apartment and Reynard ran to hug her. She told Leonard, for the most part honestly, that she was fine. She even felt generous enough to life, ask Kirk to stay for dinner, and invitation which he readily accepted. Essays Form! While she went to compensation research, change out essays, of the comparing eyre wide sea, dull grey uniform she had worn to the debriefings, Leonard followed her into form the bedroom, apparently wanting to for pro life essay, talk. That's all I've done all day: talk, talk, talk. Form! Still, she'd rather speak with Leonard than anyone else. What's wrong, Len? You don't like having the captain as a dinner guest? she asked teasingly as she as stripped down to her underclothes and started rummaging around for her clean pair of sweatpants and a comfortable shirt.

When he didn't answer for a minute, she turned around, clothes draped over one arm. Leonard, what� Sorry, just lost my train of thought for a second. Essays! But she noticed how he quickly averted his gaze from her. Oh, good heavens. She couldn't suppress a grin. Essays Form! Leonard, look at me. He did so, almost sheepishly.

She let her smile grow as she said, Don't look so guilty, Len. I'm very flattered that you want to look at me�like I know you just did. Thesis Statement For Pro Life Essay! Deliberately keeping his eyes on her face, he muttered, You sound surprised. Well, I am. I haven't aged all that well. I guess that's why it doesn't matter.

She slipped her shirt over her head. So, did you actually have something to essays, say or did you just come in here to essays holocaust history, ogle me? Rebecca � Leonard groaned before saying, rather grumpily, I called my mother today. Form! Rebecca froze momentarily. Eyes wide, she stared at Leonard and on renewable, demanded, How did she react to�everything? For a moment, she feared the absolute worst of the situation. Namely, a furious or even rejecting Charlotte McCoy. She was overjoyed to hear that you were alive. Leonard fidgeted. I think she nearly had a heart attack when I told her about Reynard, though.

I did try to essays form 2, break it to her gently. Rebecca winced. On Facebook! Did she�scold you or anything? Well, yeah�mostly because I didn't call her until today. Pulling on her sweatpants, Rebecca observed, You did put it off for a absurdly long time.

Didn't you send her that message saying you were planning to visit but that you'd call her later� Yeah, I know I took too long�nervous, I guess�she wanted to talk to Reynard, so I let her. And? What did she think of essays form 2 her completely unexpected grandchild? I'd say she already adores him. You thought she wouldn't? Rebecca shrugged. Thesis For Pro Life! I don't know, I just thought�I don't know what I was thinking.

Only half-teasingly, Leonard queried, Afraid of essays form disappointing my mother? Well�yes. On Renewable Energy! She undid her ponytail, ran her fingers through her hair, and retied it. Sighing, she muttered, I should get a haircut. I like it long.

Leonard commented. I hated it when you cut it short during your Academy years� She laughed and walked over to hug him. Resting her head against his shoulder, she mumbled, I suppose we should be working on dinner. Yeah, I guess. But they spent a few more minutes in an embrace, listening to the sound of Jim Kirk and Reynard's voices coming through the door. Apparently the captain and essays form 2, the boy were talking about the Enterprise , which, come to think of it, they did a lot.

After a while, Leonard loosened his grip on Rebecca and asked quietly, How was it today? I mean, truthfully? Rebecca sighed and essays jane wide, stepped back, looking up into essays form his face. Essay On Facebook! It was hell. she admitted. But I lived through it. I'll be all right. Essays Form! He nodded slowly, then leaned down and kissed her. Just checking. She smiled at him.

Yes, some other day she would collapse, but he'd be there to catch her. And she would be all right. The calm which now encompassed her continued through dinner, during which she spoke little but listened instead to essays on the, Kirk's boisterous tales of adventures on the Enterprise, interrupted occasionally by questions from Reynard and sarcastic comments from essays 2 Leonard. She was only addiction, shocked out of her calm once. It was such an essays innocent thing, really. During a lull in the conversation, Reynard asked politely, Can you pass me the salad, Dad? Leonard complied, then did a double take. He stared at Reynard, then looked over at Rebecca, who dropped her fork. Kirk was gaping, too. As of essay addiction yet, Reynard had only called Leonard Dr.

McCoy, and apparently he'd stopped doing that as soon as he found out the 2, doctor was his father. He didn't actually call Leonard anything ; he just managed to phrase his speech and make enough eye contact so that if he was talking to Leonard, everyone would know it. Glancing at addiction her son, who was now ignoring their stares helping himself to salad, Rebecca noted his too-obviously blank face. She exchanged another look with Leonard, who smiled slightly and started eating again. Essays 2! Reynard was smiling, too, seemingly pleased.

Yeah, everything's going to be all right. Essays On The Holocaust! McCoy walked out of the 2, bedroom to find Rebecca sitting on the arm of the living room couch. Curled up on the couch itself with a pillow and a pile of blankets was Reynard, apparently fast asleep. Rebecca stood up when she saw Leonard approach. Essay On Facebook! He falls asleep way faster than I did at his age. she said softly. As she turned back to the boy, Leonard came up behind her and wrapped his arms around her.

She leaned back against him as they silently watched their son for a minute. Essays 2! Can I meet your daughter? He winced. Essays History! Joanna was one subject they'd avoided before; mostly they had talked about essays form Reynard. Yeah, if you want.

I'll give Jocelyn a call when we get to Georgia. Hmm. Essay! Rebecca twisted around in his arms until she was facing him. Form 2! Why did you marry her, Leonard? She spoke in a whisper, but her disdain was clear in her tone. Don't take offense, but�Jocelyn's very good-looking. And that's about the only positive thing about her. At least when she's around me. Fair enough. Rebecca snorted. Thesis Statement For Pro Life! You're a man, after all.

What's that supposed to mean? He pretended to sound offended. Rebecca rolled her eyes, detached herself from his embrace, and took his hand. Let's go to bed. I'm exhausted. Though I suppose Kirk's just starting his evening� Probably.

Goddamn idiot. McCoy muttered as they went into the bedroom. Since Reynard wasn't in the room with them (though he still kept showing up every other night or so), they allowed themselves a bit of a make-out session before they cuddled up together to essays, sleep. Neither of them were ready to take it any further yet, though McCoy would be lying if he said he hadn't been thinking about it earlier when Rebecca had practically stripped in front of energy him. No pushing Rebecca beyond her own pace. That self-imposed rule still applied. But things were finally falling into place.

Rebecca wanted to stay in Starfleet. She'd have to go through retraining first, as would the rest of her crew who decided the same. Leonard would request extra leave so as to essays 2, stay with her. Then she'd get a post aboard a ship again. Of course, she wanted to essay on facebook, be stationed on the Enterprise . Essays! Shouldn't be too difficult to make that happen. Comparing Jane Eyre Wide Sargasso! Though there would be more of a visible reason for it if she and essays form, I were married� He fully intended to on facebook, ask her to marry him, but not yet. His proposal to Jocelyn had been about as awkward as a proposal could get without ending in a refusal, and he detested the idea of having a similar experience with Rebecca. Essays Form 2! I'll just wait until she's adjusted to normal life again, then I'll ask her. And there was also the putin phd thesis, question of Reynard. If they were both planning to go back into essays form space, they had to figure out what to on renewable energy, do with their child. For a short time, they'd seriously considered leaving Starfleet altogether, or at 2 least getting stationed on compensation, Earth, in order to essays form, take care of their son.

But Leonard knew that Rebecca wanted to go back into space, and essays on renewable, he wasn't letting her go without him again. Eventually, they'd decided that they would figure out a way to take Reynard with them. Leonard had resisted the form, idea at first. We could stay on Earth�or we could even leave him with my mother, if she was all right with that�but we can't take him gallivanting around the galaxy! The Enterprise is no family ship, and besides, how is he supposed to history, be a normal kid if he spends all his time aboard a goddamn starship? Rebecca had finally convinced him by stating the unfortunate truth. Leonard, he's never going to form, be a 'normal' kid. It's just not possible, and we both know it. Executive Research Paper! I honestly believe that if we asked him�and we should�he would want to live on board the Enterprise.

In any case, he'd want to stay with us. And I'm not losing my son again. They'd have to work it out with Starfleet Command, but McCoy was unusually optimistic. They had all the right arguments. Essays Form 2! Jim had promised to for pro essay, put in a good word on their behalf as well, for what that was worth. For now, all they had to form 2, worry about essay was introducing Reynard to his grandmother, and Rebecca to Joanna� How is my daughter going to form 2, react? McCoy didn't even know if she'd be able to putin, understand the situation yet. Right now, though, he was too tired to think about it any more.

The trip to Georgia and any ensuing conflicts would have to wait until tomorrow, which at the moment seemed far in the future. With a contented sigh, he scooted closer to Rebecca, breathing in her scent. You're never leaving me now, darlin', he thought to himself. Out loud, he whispered, I love you. He'd thought she was asleep.

But as he also drifted towards slumber, he heard her whisper back, Love you too. Essays! Poor Evan Shaw. I actually feel sorry for the guy. But Rebecca/McCoy was always the endgame. For Pro! I'll try to get the form, epilogue completed as soon as possible. Thanks again for all your support!

You guys are amazing :) Have a great day/night!

LEEWS (Law Essay Exam Writing/Preparation Science/System) changes the game! A proven effective (true) science of preparing for and executing the form, �A� essay exam, LEEWS is applicable to phd thesis bar as well as law school exams. 2! Unique, proven systems are put in place for (systematically!) identifying issues [No more haphazard spotting!], presenting analysis in concise paragraphs (roughly one per issue), briefing cases in 2-4 lines(!!), taking far fewer class notes, and on facebook addiction, compiling condensed, effective, 30-50 page course outlines. Essays 2! And much more. A law student learns�finally�to learn/think as a reasonable facsimile of a [practicing] lawyer. I briefed, outlined my notes, reviewed the on facebook, law, but still felt totally unprepared for upcoming exams. This program was exactly what I needed �� the tools to essays form confidently tackle exams in a methodical way. � Jan Court, Univ Texas '00.

Just knowing you have a plan �� i.e., the steps �� keeps you from worrying about panic. �� Rob Goldbaum, U. Chicago '92. 3 Sample Law Essay Exams From the LEEWS Primer (with Model Responses) [And an example of essays LEEWS' effectiveness in practice.] 1 Actual Civil Procedure Exam With Model Response (written by a LEEWS grad) and Professor Comments. The entire grade (!!) in most law school courses will depend upon performance on a final exam, most if not all of which is essay in nature. (You are basically asked to identify and analyze so-called issues generated in a hypothetical [made up] and usually complex fact pattern, much as a lawyer might.) Most exams are 3-4 hours in length, and either closed or open book. Essays 2! The former means you bring nothing into the exam with you (save the code in a course based on a code of rules [e.g., IRS Code in taxation, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in civil procedure]). Normally open book allows you to bring in class notes, textbook, outlines, whatever, which tends to essays history reassure students. However, open book is misleading, as there is typically little time to refer to aids. Open or closed book, the law you need to know should be in your head. Some professors offer take home exams, which may have 8-24 hour time limits, and form, limits as to essays how much you can write or type. Essays! Grading is invariably anonymous to protect professors and students alike.

Unlike college and graduate school, class participation, acquaintance with the professor, even midsemester (as opposed to midyear) midterms generally have no bearing on law school grades. Ask professors themselves, or upperclass students about the grading policies and essay on facebook, practices of individual professors. There follow three examples of essay hypotheticals selected from among the eight in the appendix of the LEEWS Primer. Following are models of the essays, LEEWS approach to breaking fact patterns down into units corresponding to relevant issues [Planning Phase], as well as fully developed written responses corresponding to our format of concise paragraphs, roughly one per issue [Writing Phase]. The law needed to address each hypo is provided, as the subjects may as yet be unfamiliar to you. You may want to attempt a response before looking at the models.

Standard exam writing advice posits that you follow IRAC. I.e., identify the Issue, state the applicable Rule, Analyze, Conclude. (Sounds great, until you realize you don't know what an issue is, much less how to identify all issues lurking in the fact pattern; you don't know how to analyze as a lawyer; and you don't know how to present analysis concisely.) Whether you are familiar with the three subjects tested or no, all essay exercises are predictable in nature. A typically complex and confusing fact pattern is followed by question(s)/instruction(s) that in effect require you to phd thesis identify or spot the legal issues that would be of interest to a judge or lawyer. You must then resolve those issues, bringing to bear relevant law and the analytic dialectic between law and facts known as lawyerlike thinking. Should you find yourself thinking, as you review the model responses, I don't think I can ever do that, unless you have a knack for taking such exams (possessed by only a small handful of students -- 5-7%, even at essays 2 Harvard), you are probably correct. Essays On Renewable Energy! Which is why so few law students manage even a single A on final exams.

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He grinned and essays form 2, remarked, I saw that spill, Coris. Essays On The Holocaust! Not the most graceful move in form the world. At which point Coris determined to sue Setter personally, as well as the statement for pro essay, club. Although a resident of Queens County, Coris, joined by essays form, her mother, Doris, a resident of Manhattan, New York County, brought suit against Only For Us Racquet Club, Inc. (OFU, Inc.) and essays on renewable energy, Jett Setter personally in New York County, seeking damages for Coris' injury and form, the destruction of the essays jane wide sargasso sea, tennis racquet. Thereupon followed, inter alia , the following events and motions:

1 �� OFU, Inc. and Setter moved for essays form a change of venue to Queens County. 2 �� Attempts to serve Setter personally at his club were twice unsuccessful, so a copy of the on renewable energy, summons and complaint was affixed to the door of form 2 his home. Another was mailed to him. Energy! [So-called nail and mail service.] 3 �� Although the complaint affixed to his door separated from the summons and blew away, and the mailed copy never arrived, Setter, by 2, his attorney, appeared in the action, answered the complaint, interposed affirmative defenses, and otherwise defended against the action. Only later during an putin appeal did he assert lack of personal jurisdiction as a defense. 4 �� OFU, Inc. Form! served notice of the deposition of a person who, while standing in the next phone booth, had overheard Coris' conversation with her husband. Coris moved for a protective order forbidding disclosure of anything overheard as a privileged conversation. 5 �� OFU, Inc. Essays On Renewable! requested an admission from Doris that Coris has a tendency to negligent behavior.

Doris ignored it. 6 �� Following a directed verdict during trial dismissing her cause of action for destruction of the racquet, Doris immediately instituted a claim for damages on the same ground in small claims court, Manhattan. You are a law clerk to, where appropriate, both trial and appellate judges assigned to essays 2 this case. Prepare a memorandum of law respecting the essays comparing jane eyre sargasso sea, issues raised in the above. Majority state law applies. RELEVANT LEGAL PRINCIPLES FOR CIVIL PROCEDURE HYPO. (Such legal knowledge should be in your head as well as your course outline.

Note: The law provided herein may or may not be currently accurate.) Discovery (scope of) �� Generally, all information not otherwise privileged that is relevant to the subject matter of the action is discoverable, whether or not the material would be admissible as proof. Communications between spouses �� A confidential communication between husband and wife is privileged against form 2, disclosure by essays, either spouse or by a third person (e.g., an eavesdropper). Personal Jurisdiction �� Generally, in order to 2 determine the rights and duties of parties to essays jane sargasso an action, and to essays 2 bind the parties personally to its determinations, a court must have in personam jurisdiction over said parties. Said jurisdiction will be had, inter alia, where a defendant is present in the state where an putin action is brought, and personally served with process.

Where personal service on a defendant cannot be effected through due diligence, a plaintiff is entitled to substitute such service by affixing a copy of the summons and complaint to the door or other conspicuous place at the defendant's last known address, and also mailing a copy of same by regular mail to said address (so-called nail and mail). A court has held that three attempts at form in hand service at a defendant's place of business, without attempting to serve the defendant at home or leave the essay addiction, summons and complaint with a person of suitable age and discretion at the place of business does not satisfy the requirements of due diligence. Waiver of �� Where a defendant appears, answers the complaint, interposes defenses, and at form no time during or after trial moves to dismiss based on, nor claims lack of personal jurisdiction, the defense will be deemed waived on appeal. Requests for admission �� A request for admission imposes a duty on the party served to acknowledge the comparing jane, existence of facts that are not in doubt and that should not be necessary to prove at trial. The party served normally has 30 days to respond. Failure to timely respond results in the matter being deemed admitted. Inter alia , it is permissible to request that a party admit to a legal conclusion (e.g., that an employee was acting with authority, or that the party was traveling against traffic on a one-way street).

However, it is essays form 2, not proper to request an admission to an abstract statement of law (e.g., that allowing a minor without a license to drive is negligent, per se). Res Judicata �� Doctrine that for reasons of economy, prevention of harassment, and avoidance of inconsistent judicial rulings (policy!), the relitigation of claims and issues is statement life, generally prohibited. Claim preclusion �� Doctrine whereby a final judgment on the merits of a claim or cause of action precludes reassertion of that claim or cause of action in a subsequent suit. Venue �� Refers to the proper place for trial of a lawsuit. The purpose of venue rules is to essays form prevent a plaintiff from essay addiction, forcing a defendant to trial where it would be burdensome for him to appear and defend (policy!). Unless compelling reasons exist to direct otherwise, a transitory action (meaning that the transaction which is the essays 2, subject of the action could have happened anywhere) should be tried in the county where the action arose.

MODEL RESPONSE TO CIVIL PROCEDURE HYPOTHETICAL. (1/4 - 1/3 of allotted time divided into on the holocaust history, 10-15 minute intervals) Preliminary Overview �� Six distinct events/motions. Perform Steps One, Two, and Three (The Blender) on each is my initial perspective on how to essays form proceed. Essays Eyre Wide Sea! [Always the Steps, always the Steps �� a constant way of thinking.] Step One �� [Conflict pairings and 2, party objective(s) for each of the six events/motions.] The conflict pairings for all six are either Coris and/or Doris versus OFU, Inc. and/or Jett Setter. [The consistent overall objectives are to obtain damages on one side and to avoid liability on research the other. However, given that this is essays 2, a civil procedure exam, the objectives that count for purposes of putin phd thesis generating premises are intermediate in nature. In the form 2, larger (intermediate) sense they are to keep the litigation going versus termination on a procedural ground. More immediate to essays comparing eyre sargasso sea the six events/motions:] 1 = Change venue to Queens County vs. keep it in Manhattan County.

2 = Establish personal jurisdiction vs. Essays Form 2! not. 3 = Have lack of personal jurisdiction defense ruled moot vs. exists and viable. 4 = Preclude disclosure of overheard conversation vs. have it ruled discoverable. 5 = Have fact admitted vs. not admitted. 6 = Have claim heard in small claims court vs. dismissed. [My view at this point is that each event/motion will generate no more than one or two premises, and will be relatively straightforward of analysis. Jane Eyre Wide Sea! Therefore, the time to be allotted each will be roughly the same. As it would interrupt continuity of essays form 2 train of thought and be time wasting to continue applying the executive compensation paper, Steps to all six, from this point on I shall work on each question to 2 completion before going on to the next .] Step Two �� [Consider each pairing, party, and objective. Cull facts (and course outline) for relevant premises.] 1 = Venue of transitory action is overriding , (i.e., governs the determination, no matter which party's perspective/objective is considered.

See definition of Step Two and phd thesis, footnote, page 104.) 2 = Nail and essays form 2, mail service vs. due diligence rule. [Complete analysis/discussion of thesis for pro essay No.2 (7-8 minutes??), then on to No.3; . Essays 2! . . Thesis For Pro Essay! No.4; . . . 5; . Essays 2! . . 6.] 3 = Rule re lack of personal jurisdiction and grounds for waiver thereof overrides. 4 = Rule re discovery of spousal communication overrides. 5 = Requests for admission, and failure to respond thereto overrides. 6 = Res judicata rules override. Step Three �� [Consider each premise to note missing elements or real issues.] [Since there appear to be but one or two premises to sargasso sea be considered for each event/motion, and since I am working on essays form 2 each exclusive of the others, Step Three is unnecessary as an independent exercise. It is part and parcel of inspecting the law giving rise to the premise under consideration to determine whether it is essays on the history, necessary to state all of the essays 2, law to begin the first paragraph of analysis, or whether one or more elements can be focused on essay on facebook as pivotal.] Preview of a logical sequence for discussion �� No overlap of discussion apparent.

No reason apparent not to form 2 proceed in the chronology given. [When question(s)/instruction(s) offer a labeling format, you of course normally use it. Essay On Facebook! The professor/bar grader will likely be looking for essays form it (Here -- 1,2,3, etc. It seems unnecessary, time wasting, and probably confusing to mention conflict pairings here. However, I am thinking of and guided by them.] Generally, unless compelling reasons exist to executive direct otherwise, a transitory action [flag relevant law with underlining or boldface] should be tried in the county where the action arose. Transitory has been defined to mean that the form, transaction that is the subject of the action could have occurred anywhere. Coris' fall and the destruction of the racquet could have occurred anywhere. [Concludes statement of relevant premise, i.e., controlling legal precept, that abruptly begins every paragraph.] Moreover, Coris, Only For Us, Inc. On Facebook Addiction! (OFU), and Jett Setter all reside in Queens County. The residence in New York County of Coris' mother, Doris, whose claim is minor, is the only apparent reason for trying the action in New York County. It is hardly compelling. [Concludes lawyerlike analysis -- application of law to relevant facts.] Conclusion : The motion should be granted. [No hedging, as this seems open and shut.]

So-called nail and mail service will satisfy the requirements of personal jurisdiction only where personal service on essays form a defendant cannot be effected through due diligence. [Law.] It has been held that three attempts at essay on facebook in hand service at a defendant's place of business, without attempting to serve the defendant at home or leave the summons and complaint with a person of suitable age and essays form 2, discretion at the place of business does not satisfy the requirements of essays on the holocaust history due diligence. Plaintiffs made no attempt to serve defendant Setter personally other than twice unsuccessfully at his place of business. Form 2! [Analysis.] Conclusion: The attempted nail and mail service was likely [Hedging!] ineffective for lack of essay on facebook due diligence. Where a defendant who has not been properly served nevertheless appears in an action, answers the complaint, and interposes affirmative defenses, but never moves to dismiss for form lack of personal jurisdiction, nor at any time claims lack of personal jurisdiction, the defense of lack of personal jurisdiction will be deemed waived upon the taking of an appeal. [Law.] Setter, as concluded above, was never properly served. Nevertheless, he appeared, answered the thesis, complaint, defended in the action, and at no time prior to appeal claimed lack of personal jurisdiction. Form 2! Arguably, raising the claim on appeal is after trial. However, waived upon the taking of an appeal clearly indicates that the time for raising the on renewable, claim would be deemed tolled. [Analysis.] Conclusion : Setter's defense of lack of personal jurisdiction would be deemed waived on appeal. Generally, all information that is not privileged and is relevant to the subject matter of the action is essays, discoverable, even if not admissible as proof. Confidential communications between husband and wife are privileged from disclosure by either spouse and by a third party (e.g., an eavesdropper). [Law.] Coris' statement that she had smashed the life, racquet was relevant for its truth, as well as an indication of Coris' truthfulness.

Confidential normally implies private or secret. [Add clarification, or law, where needed, and appropriate.] A conversation at a phone that was apparently near other phones would not seem confidential. Moreover, given that Coris had not yet determined to sue, her statement in the context of essays form 2 remarks about dinner and a hot tub seems merely casual. [Analysis.] Conclusion : The motion will fail. The conversation with the husband was not confidential, and therefore not privileged. A request for an admission imposes a duty on the party served to acknowledge the existence of facts that are not in doubt and that should not be necessary to prove at trial. However, inter alia, it is not proper to request an admission to thesis essay an abstract statement of essays law (e.g., that allowing a minor without a license to drive is negligent, per se).

The statement in question seems manifestly a matter that is in some doubt, and that may be necessary to prove at jane eyre wide sea trial. Moreover, in that negligence is a legal conclusion, the statement would appear to essays form be an abstract statement of on the holocaust law. Conclusion : Doris' disregard of the request is of no consequence, as said request imposed no duty of essays form 2 acknowledgment. A final judgment on the merits of a claim or cause of action generally precludes reassertion of putin that claim or cause of action in a subsequent suit. Doris' action in small claims court is grounded in the same facts (destroyed tennis racquet) and sets forth the same cause of form action as the one dismissed in the primary action herein. A directed verdict during trial seems both a final judgment and a judgment on essays wide sea the merits. Conclusion : The action in small claims court would be dismissed as res judicata. Corporations Hypothetical (50 min.) The RIP Corporation, formed in 1998 by the Bottomline brothers, Ohmy, Padthe, and Savethe, for essays form 2 the purpose (as duly set forth in its bylaws and essays comparing eyre sargasso sea, articles of incorporation) of manufacturing and retailing so-called landscape rape accessories for four wheel drive and other off-the-road vehicles, quickly prospered and went public. Between 1999, when 100,000 shares were first sold over form 2 the counter, and 2001 the total value of RIPCORP (as the enterprise was affectionately known) shares, after two splits, rose tenfold to forty million dollars.

Flush with their success and holocaust, invincible in their avarice, the Bottomline brothers led RIPCORP in the aggressive pursuit of profit wherever it might be found. The brothers held the chief executive positions in essays the corporation, as well as a majority of seats on on facebook the board of essays form 2 directors. They further owned thirty percent of the outstanding shares, by far the essays energy, largest voting block. Thus, acquiescence in their increasingly bold ventures was virtually assured. Matters began to form tangle when Meddle, a shareholder of executive research record since purchasing 100 shares at the initial offering, took umbrage at RIPCORP's proposed acquisition of Southeast Asia ski resort options. In the form, fall of 2001 Meddle sought permission to inspect the RIPCORP minutes and other records relating to the ski resort venture. Holocaust History! When she refused to accede to the demand of the Bottomline brothers that she first divulge her intentions regarding the inspection, the brothers issued a directive limiting access to the books and records to essays form 2 persons cleared by putin, them, and under no circumstances to Meddle or her representative. Thereupon Meddle brought suit in form her own right and on behalf of RIPCORP against the corporation and the Bottomline brothers personally to gain access to the books and executive compensation research paper, records, to essays form 2 block the ski resort venture as an ultra vires act, and for repayment by the RIPCORP board of thesis for pro directors of any expenses incurred in connection with the pursuit of essays form said venture. Essays On The! 1) RIPCORP moved to dismiss the action for, inter alia, lack of standing, failure to first make a demand on the board of directors, and failure to state a cause of action.

2) RIPCORP moved in the alternative that the court require Meddle to post $25,000 security for costs as a precondition to continued maintenance of the suit. 3) Meanwhile, the RIPCORP board passed a resolution providing for indemnification of the directors in the event Meddle prevailed, and purchased insurance to provide for same. Meddle immediately moved to quash these actions. How should the court decide the motions under 1, 2, and 3 above? RELEVANT LEGAL PRINCIPLES FOR CORPORATIONS HYPO. Ultra vires acts �� Generally includes acts beyond the purpose or powers of the corporation, and sometimes includes acts within the purposes and powers of the corporation, but performed in an unauthorized manner or without authority. Many jurisdictions now restrict ultra vires challenges to the following: 1) the essays 2, right of a shareholder to enjoin unauthorized corporate acts; 2) the right of the attorney general of the state to paper enjoin such activities; 3) the right of the corporation to recover damages from the officers and/or directors (present or former) responsible for the ultra vires act(s). Shareholder inspection rights �� Generally, shareholders have a limited right, founded in common law and statute, to inspect corporate books and essays, records which are relevant to a proper purpose. Courts will determine whether a purpose is essays energy, proper.

A shareholder may examine the essays form, stock book and minutes of stockholder meetings on demand if 1) he has been a stockholder of record for at least six months immediately preceding the demand; or 2) he is a holder of 5 percent of putin any class of outstanding shares. Shareholder rights of action �� Generally, a shareholder may sue the corporation in his own name to enforce his rights as a shareholder, and/or on form behalf of the corporation to procure a judgment in favor of the corporation. The latter derivative action may be maintained only if 1) the essays comparing jane wide sargasso sea, plaintiff is a shareholder when the essays form 2, action is brought; 2) the comparing jane wide sargasso, plaintiff was a shareholder when the alleged wrong to the corporation occurred; and 3) the plaintiff shows in his complaint that he has demanded that the board of directors commence the action, or that there are sufficient reasons for not making the demand (e.g., the board members are the defendants). Note that in essays form 2 order to minimize the possibility of derivative actions without merit being brought merely for nuisance value settlements or counsel fee awards, the corporation may require the plaintiff to post security for costs, unless 1) the plaintiff or plaintiffs hold at least 5 percent of any class of outstanding shares; or 2) the value of their shares exceeds $50,000. Indemnification �� Generally, a director or officer may not be indemnified (reimbursed) against a judgment obtained against him in a direct action by the corporation, or a derivative action on comparing wide sargasso behalf of the corporation, or for amounts paid in essays settlement thereof. The director may, however, be indemnified against expenses of defending the action, unless, inter alia, he is adjudged to thesis statement for pro have violated his fiduciary duty of good faith and reasonable care in the circumstances. The corporation may purchase insurance to indemnify officers and directors for even the 2, above judgments, providing no deliberate dishonesty or unlawful gain on the part of the officer/director is shown. MODEL RESPONSE TO CORPORATIONS HYPOTHETICAL. Preliminary Overview �� The three motions referred to essays comparing jane eyre wide sargasso sea by the question are like three questions, each to be considered separately. [Note the enormous benefit here of skipping over the facts.]

Step One �� Conflict pairing(s) : [A quick review of the motions in conjunction with the sentence that precedes them reveals the single conflict pairing throughout.] RIPCORP, Inc. Essays Form! v. Meddle, etc., or vice versa for phd thesis each motion (i.e., question). Objectives : [Somewhat confusing, as the sentence immediately preceding the motions reflects three ultimate objectives of essays Meddle. However, the objectives relevant to a Step One analysis and the question are implied in the three motions. Note that motion #1 also provides Movant RIPCORP's premises (!!). Whether the ultimate objectives will be achieved depends upon resolution of the motions.] 1) dismiss the action versus keep it going;

2) $25,000 security be required to be posted, versus not; 3) board indemnification resolution and purchase of addiction insurance be quashed, versus maintenance of same. Step Two �� [RIPCORP is movant for motions 1 and 2, 2, Meddle for 3. The motions themselves, especially the on facebook addiction, first, point to overriding premises. Form! In that a court may dismiss all or part of a suit, each premise must be considered in light of each of Meddle's objectives set forth in the preceding sentence . The facts in compensation paper the first two paragraphs need only be considered for purposes of analysis.] 1) Lack of standing, failure to first make a demand on 2 the board, and failure to state a cause of action respecting each of Meddle's three objectives = potentially nine discussions. but probably not. 2) [Must refer to relevant portions of corporations toolbox.] The law [Noted in toolbox only. Don't write it in your outline.] respecting requirement that a shareholder plaintiff in action against corporation post bond.

3) The law respecting indemnification and/or insurance of directors in such a suit. Step Three �� [The motions seem more or less equivalent in weight. Executive Compensation Research Paper! Given the complexity of the essays, relevant premises noted in on facebook addiction Step Two, the effort necessary for a Step Three analysis seems needlessly duplicative of the analysis to be performed in writing the actual response. Therefore, it seems advisable to skip Step Three and go to the writing phase .] Preview of form 2 a logical sequence for phd thesis discussion �� No reason apparent for 2 not proceeding chronologically. Lack of standing/failure to state a cause of action. Generally, a shareholder may sue the corporation in her own name to enforce her rights as a shareholder, and/or on behalf of the corporation to procure a judgment in favor of the corporation. Essays History! Inter alia, the latter derivative action can be maintained only if the plaintiff is 2, a shareholder when the action is brought and when the alleged wrong to the corporation occurred. Meddle (M) is currently a shareholder, and has been since long before the ski resort venture. Generally, shareholders have a limited right, founded in common law and essays on the history, statute, to inspect corporate books and records which are relevant to a proper purpose.

Courts will determine whether a purpose is proper. A shareholder may examine the stock book and minutes of stockholder meetings on demand if she has been a stockholder of record for at least six months immediately preceding the essays form, demand; or she is on facebook, a holder of five percent of any class of outstanding shares. M's 100 shares, presumably grown after 'two splits to 400, constitutes much less than five percent of any class of shares. However, she has been a stockholder of record since the initial offering, over two years prior. So-called ultra vires acts �� acts beyond the essays, purposes or powers of the corporation, and sometimes acts within the purposes and powers of the corporation, but performed in an unauthorized manner or without authority may properly be challenged by shareholders. Moreover, the corporation may recover damages from the officers and/or directors (present and on renewable energy, former) responsible for the ultra vires act(s) . Given that RIPCORP's stated corporate purpose is to manufacture and retail accessories for off-road vehicles, the Southeast Asian ski venture (Venture) has the appearance of an ultra vires act for which damages may be sought.

Failure to first make a demand on the board. Another requirement for maintaining a derivative action is that the essays 2, plaintiff demand that the board commence the action, or there be sufficient reasons for compensation paper not making such demand (e.g., the board members are the essays 2, defendants). The Bottomline brothers are named in M's suit and hold a majority of seats on the board, thereby satisfying the exception. Conclusion : The motion should be denied, as all of RIPCORP's challenges lack merit. Corporations, in order to minimize the possibility of derivative actions without merit being brought merely for nuisance value settlements or counsel fee awards, may require a shareholder plaintiff to thesis life essay post security for costs , unless the plaintiff or plaintiffs hold at 2 least five percent of any class of compensation research outstanding shares, or the value of essays 2 their shares exceeds $50,000. M's 100 shares constituted but 1/10th of one percent of the initial 100,000 share offering. Essays Holocaust History! Their value at the time of the suit would have been 1/10th of one percent of forty million dollars, or approximately $40,000. However, M has been a shareholder since the form 2, very beginning of the corporation, and, as set forth, supra , a challenge to essays history the Venture seems hardly without merit. Essays Form 2! [Yes, basic math may be necessary!] Conclusion : Although M falls $10,000 short of the putin, $50,000 exception, the essays, motion should probably be denied. Given that M's sharehold nearly satisfies the essays on renewable energy, exception, and 2, the policy justification underlying the essay on facebook addiction, security requirement seems utterly lacking, it is unlikely that a court would permit the corporation to form impose this financial impediment. Essays On The Holocaust! [Note the use of the policy underpinning as a basis for a counterargument.] Generally, a corporate director (or officer) may not be indemnified against a judgment obtained against him in a direct action by the corporation or a derivative action, or for essays 2 amounts paid in settlement thereof.

The director may, however, be indemnified against expenses of defending the action, unless, inter alia, he is adjudged to have violated his fiduciary duty of on the good faith and essays form 2, reasonable care in the circumstances. The corporation may purchase insurance to indemnify officers and directors for essays history even the above judgments, providing no deliberate dishonesty or unlawful gain on the part of the officer/director is shown. [Given this much legal preamble, it seems appropriate to begin the 2, analysis in essays jane eyre wide a new paragraph.] M's action is in part derivative on behalf of RIPCORP, and essays form 2, a judgment obtained in this respect cannot be indemnified against. The facts are unclear about whether the resolution indemnifies against paper, expenses of defending against the action. Assuming, arguendo , that it does, the inherent improbability, indeed inherent folly of the Venture, coupled with its seeming obvious ultra vires aspect, strongly suggests a violation by the directors of essays 2 their duty to exercise reasonable care, if not a violation of their duty to act in good faith. However, given that RIPCORP appears to have been engaged for some time in a pattern of essays comparing jane eyre wide divers schemes wholly unrelated to its stated purpose, it is unlikely that a court would be willing to take judicial notice of such a conclusion so early in the proceedings. Nothing in essays form the facts suggests deliberate dishonesty or unlawful gain on the part of any RIPCORP director/officer that would preclude the purchase of indemnification insurance.

Conclusion : The motion should be granted as to any portion of the resolution that purports to indemnify against phd thesis, judgments obtained on behalf of the corporation, denied as to portions that indemnify against judgments obtained by M, and 2, denied with leave to renew at a later time with respect to all other portions. T properly executed a will in 1994, by the terms of which he distributed his entire estate in the following manner: First: I bequeath my racehorse, Swayback, to paper my friend, X. Second: I bequeath $100,000 to my brother, Y. Third: I give, devise, and bequeath the rest, residue, and remainder of my estate to my faithful companion, Z. In 1998, having fallen out with Z, T properly executed a new will with the following terms: First: I bequeath $100,000 to my brother, Y. Second: I give, devise, and bequeath the rest, residue, and remainder of essays form my estate to my (new) faithful companion, B. In 1999, having reconciled with Z and on the history, spurned B, T properly executed a codicil to his 1994 will, by the terms of which he increased the legacy to Y to $150,000; and in all other respects he ratified, confirmed, and republished the 1994 will. T died in 2001.

In a probate proceeding the essays 2, evidence established the following: 1) Although sober when he made the codicil in 1999, T was drunk out of his mind when he executed the 1994 will. 2) T sold Swayback to a syndicate in 1997 for holocaust $200,000. 3) Inadvertently in 2000 T, falling asleep at his desk with cigarette in hand, set fire to some papers. One of the papers destroyed was the original copy of the 1999 codicil, which T had been reviewing.

4) Y died in 2000. 5) S, the 2, son of Y, was one of several witnesses to T's execution of the 1994 will. Discuss the rights of the various parties in terms of who takes what from T's estate. RELEVANT LEGAL PRINCIPLES FOR WILLS HYPOTHETICAL. Ademption �� Occurs when a specific legacy (defined below) is not in existence or not in the possession of the testator when he dies (because, for example, it has been sold or given away). When an executive paper ademption occurs, the legatee takes nothing. Death of a beneficiary �� A disposition to a beneficiary who predeceases the testator ordinarily lapses (returns to the estate). By statute in form 2 many jurisdictions, however, dispositions to beneficiaries who are issue or siblings do not lapse, providing such beneficiaries have surviving issue.

Such surviving issue will take the legacy in equal proportions per stirpes . Disposition of estate �� Shall be in accordance with a decedent's last will and testament. Execution of a will �� A properly executed will implies at least two witnesses thereto who do not stand to take under said will. Republication �� A properly executed codicil to a revoked will operates as a republication of a will that is, in form, properly executed. This is so despite the fact that the will so republished may have been invalid for want of testamentary capacity at the time of making. Revocation �� As a general rule, a subsequent will that is entirely inconsistent with a prior will, or a later will that makes a complete disposition of the testator's property, shall be deemed to putin phd thesis have revoked the prior will by implication.

A will may further be revoked by means of its physical destruction. Such destruction, however, must be accompanied with the intent and for the purpose of revoking the essays form 2, will. Specific legacy �� A bequest of a particular, individualized chattel, differentiated from all other articles of the holocaust history, same or similar nature. It must be taken by the legatee as and essays, where he finds it. Testamentary capacity �� Absent evidence to the contrary, testamentary capacity will be presumed where the testator, in executing a will or other document, accurately recites the nature and extent of his property, and recognizes the natural objects of his bounty.

Witness as beneficiary �� A witness to a will may take under that will, providing said will can be proved in probate without his assistance. MODEL RESPONSE TO WILLS HYPOTHETICAL. Preliminary Overview �� The instruction points to parties who stand to take from T's estate. For Pro Life Essay! Each will be in opposition to anyone or anything that would prevent him from taking from essays, T's estate. Step One �� X, Y, Z, B, and A vs. anyone or thing (including each other, T, the state, or the estate) that stands between him and taking from T's estate. B v. Z seems a key conflict. Step Two �� [Each claimant must establish that the will or codicil upon which he bases his claim is valid and controlling. Each will likewise seek to defeat a competitor claim. Legal precepts governing testamentary disposition set forth in my wills toolbox will come into play.

However, it would be inefficient and confusing to try to sort them out at this point. Better to focus on one conflict at a time in essays on renewable the writing phase. Possibly there will be overlap of premises/discussion.] Step Three �� [Having declined to set forth the premises of the various parties in Step Two, I may as well go straight to the response. My impression is form 2, that once the controlling rules are set forth, analysis will be relatively uncomplicated.] Ability of a per stirpes witness, S, to take may be an interesting discussion. Preview of a logical sequence of comparing discussion �� Resolving which instrument controls seems the form, obvious first step. Therefore, beginning with B v. Z would seem to make sense.

B and putin, Z's rights [This label conforms to essays form the instruction. B v. Z might confuse. But I'm thinking B v. Z!] As a general rule, a subsequent will that is entirely inconsistent with a prior will, or a later will that makes a complete disposition of the testator's property, shall be deemed to have revoked the prior willby implication. The 1998 will was inconsistent with the 1994 will and made a complete disposition of comparing eyre wide sea T's property, thereby revoking the 1994 will and Z's legacy. However, a properly executed codicil to a revoked will operates as a republication of a will that is, in form, properly executed. Essays Form 2! This is so despite the fact that the will so republished may have been invalid for want of testamentary capacity at the time of making. The properly executed 1999 codicil republished the properly executed 1994 will, thereby restoring Z's legacy. The fact that T was sober when making the codicil moots any effect of T having been drunk when making the 1994 will. There being no evidence to on renewable the contrary, the fact that T in essays form executing the addiction, codicil accurately recited the nature and extent of his property and recognized the 2, natural objects of executive his bounty will establish his testamentary capacity in making the essays, codicil.

Although a will may be revoked by means of physical destruction , such destruction must be accomplished with the intent and for the purpose of revoking the will. The circumstance that the original copy of the codicil was destroyed inadvertently in 2000 is thus of addiction no avail to B. Conclusion : The 1998 will is revoked, and B takes nothing. Z takes the rest, residue, and remainder of T's estate under the 1999 codicil that revived the 1994 will. An ademption occurs when a specific legacy (i.e., a bequest of a particular, individualized chattel, differentiated from all other articles of the same or similar nature) is not in existence or not in the possession of the testator when he dies. Essays Form 2! When an ademption occurs, the legatee takes nothing. The racehorse, Swayback, appears to be such a particular, individualized chattel. In that Swayback was sold prior to comparing jane sargasso T's death, the form 2, republication of the 1994 will is of no avail to X. Conclusion : X takes nothing from T's estate, as his legacy has adeemed.

A disposition to a beneficiary who predeceases the testator ordinarily lapses. By statute in many jurisdictions, however, dispositions to beneficiaries who are issue or siblings do not lapse, providing such beneficiaries have surviving issue. Such surviving issue will take the legacy in equal proportions per stirpes . Therefore, although Y predeceased T, Y's son, S, would take the $150,000, providing he is not disqualified by having witnessed the now republished 1994 will. A witness to a will may take under that will, providing said will can be proved in eyre sargasso probate without his assistance. A properly executed will implies at least two witnesses thereto who do not stand to form take under said will.

S was one of several witnesses to thesis essay the 1994 will, implying that more than two persons witnessed the will. Therefore, presumably two other witnesses exist to prove the will in probate. NB: Arguably S should be permitted to take under the 1994 will per stirpes, even were he one of only form 2, two witnesses to thesis life the will. The rationale for not allowing a witness necessary to probate to take under the form 2, will being probated is presumably the conflict of interest posed. The reliability of a witness with a vested interest in history having the essays, will probated is compromised.

Y, however, not S stood to thesis essay take under the 1994 will. Had there been any consideration of essays form Y predeceasing T, and therefore S taking, S probably would not have been asked to witness the essays on renewable energy, will. However, it could also be contended that that was then, and now S does have a compromising vested interest. [This latter paragraph is not necessary. 2! However, it demonstrates the kind of interest and thoughtfulness that may catch a professor's attention and garner an A. Possibly it should be highlighted in some way, perhaps with a red star. I might even decide to put it on statement life essay the blank page left at the beginning. (See p.75.)] Conclusion : Y, having predeceased T, will take nothing.

However, Y's intended legacy will go to the son, S, per stirpes . Essays Form 2! S's having witnessed the will under which he takes should not disqualify him, providing two others of the several witnesses to the will exist to prove it in probate. Actual Civil Procedure I Exam, Fall 2006, U. Memphis School of Law (with Model A+ Response and research paper, Professor Comments) [The example that follows is an actual exam and model response sent to us by one Richard Townley, Sr., U. 2! Memphis class of 2009E (evening division). The exam was given jointly to two first year classes by their professors. Richard ordered the audio CD version of LEEWS. His is the putin phd thesis, verbatim model response offered to essays form students � with professor comments! � as what was wanted. His response received the highest grade, one of only two A+ grades. His accompanying remarks are reprinted in the Results section. Inter alia (among other things), he said, LEEWS was absolutely essential to my success. . The exemplar is, in fact, *my* exam essay answer, and if I say so myself, it's a pretty good LEEWS exemplar as well. We reiterate that the LEEWS objective for thesis statement life every response is a series of paragraphs, each beginning with relevant law and presenting balanced lawyerlike analysis. . What is surely wanted when confronted with a task such as what follows is essays form, a system whereby in structured, step-by-step fashion, the examinee knows exactly what is wanted and how to proceed and present. For example, a LEEWS grad will immediately skip over the confusing fact pattern to the question/instruction, typically at essays on the holocaust history the end, and perform Step One.

A LEEWS grad has also read many such introductory instructions, and therefore will skim through quickly to note what, if anything, is new and/or unusual. Essays Form! Note that the average student managed less than 17 points out of research a possible 45 on the essay exam versus Richard's 39 (!!). . It may be further noted that although these professors did not require a so-called IRAC format [and we commend that!), Richard's paragraphed response could easily have been conformed to essays form 2 a Follow IRAC instruction by merely introducing an issue statement before each paragraph, and a conclusion statement at the end. Life! LEEWS posits that in general issue statements are unnecessary, as starting a paragraph with law implies the issue, and conclusions are unimportant.] Civil Procedure I -- Exam Results -- Fall, 2006 (� 11 = Prof Banks, � 12 = Prof Entman) Essays - 45 points. Average -- � 11 [17.2]; � 12 [16.1]; both sections [16.6] Range -- � 11 [3 - 42]; � 12 [4 - 39] Multiple Choice - 55 points (35 questions) Average -- � 11 [33.70]; � 12 [35.00]; both sections [34.36] Range -- � 11 [18.86 - 50.29]; � 12 [17.29 - 53.43]

Total - 100 points. Average -- � 11 [50.90]; � 12 [51.09]; both sections [50.99] Range -- � 11 [22.86 - 92.29]; � 12 [26.29 - 83.00] Average Grade - � 11 [2.33] Both Sections [2.34] � 12 [2.34] A+: 82 and form 2, above. F : 0 - 32.

INSTRUCTIONS - Read these instructions carefully. You are responsible for following them to the letter and statement life, will be assessed a point penalty or given a failing grade for failure to follow instructions. Before you begin work on this examination, be sure that you have an examination booklet consisting of 8 consecutively numbered pages -- beginning with this page. Part I consists of problems calling for written analysis. Part II consists of 35 multiple choice questions. Essays 2! If your examination is incomplete, you should advise the thesis statement for pro life, instructor immediately.

It is your responsibility to ensure that you are working with a complete examination. The exam is 2, closed book. You may not use any material other than this examination booklet, the answer sheet, blank paper and an appropriate writing instrument. You may not, of course, confer with or receive assistance from any other person. Your answers for Part I should be written on the paper provided. Be sure to on facebook addiction identify clearly which subpart you are answering (e.g., I. A.). When you have completed your answers to Part I, number your pages consecutively, write your identification number on each page, and staple all of the pages together in the upper left hand corner. 1. Answer only the question asked and do so with organization, precision, legibility, and proper grammar and spelling.

2. If a court rule or a statute is relevant to a problem, you may identify it by number, but you must discuss its substance whether or not you mention the rule or statute by number. 3. Write on only one side of a page and leave a left margin. Write your identification number in the space provided on the answer sheet for essays 2 Part II and essays comparing jane sea, mark the form, appropriate corresponding circles on your answer sheet to indicate your examination number. Do not staple the answer sheet for Part II to anything. Submission of Exams -- General Instructions When you have finished the examination, place your answers to Part I, your answer sheet for Part II, and the exam booklet in the separately designated boxes. All examination booklets must be turned in. You must write your identification number on this exam booklet at the top of the first page and return the booklet in order that your exam answer sheet may be matched with the correct version of the answers.

Do not write your name on anything. For this examination, unless we have specifically studied to the contrary, you should assume the following: 1. Essays On The! all states have adopted rules of civil procedure identical to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; 2. all states have enacted statutes that authorize the exercise of jurisdiction on each of the traditional bases recognized by the Supreme Court up to the date of its decision in International Shoe; 3. Essays 2! all states have also enacted the following statutes: X.C.A. � 1-1-111: A court may exercise personal jurisdiction over phd thesis a person (including an individual, his executor, administrator, or other personal representative, or a corporation, partnership, or any other legal or commercial entity) who acts directly or by an agent, as to a claim for relief arising from the person��s. (a) transacting any business within this State; (b) causing tortious injury by an act or omission in this State; (c) causing tortious injury in essays form 2 this State by an act or omission outside this State if the person regularly does or solicits business, or engages in any other persistent course of conduct, or derives substantial revenue from goods used or consumed or services rendered in this State; (d) owning, using or possessing any property situated in this State; (e) contracting to insure any person, property, or risk located within this State at on renewable the time of contracting. X.C.A. � 2-2-222: In any suit brought in the courts of this State, service of process may be achieved by sending a summons and a copy of the complaint by registered mail, return receipt requested, to the defendant's home address, or principal place of business, wherever located. The problems in Part I are worth a total of 45 points. They are not of equal weight. A. You are now an associate attorney in a law firm.

Respond fully to the following memorandum from one of your employers. Essays Form! ��I Quit�� is not a recommended answer. To: Associate. Re: First Commercial Industrial Bank v. Isolde. Date: Dec. 11, 2006. [Fact pattern (hypo)] Tristan and Isolde are partners in a furniture repair business.

Their shop is in the State of Swabia where most of phd thesis their customers are from. Sometimes people from the nearby States of Prussia and essays, Bavaria bring repair jobs to the shop in Swabia. Isolde was raised in Prussia and lived there with her parents until June, 2003, when she moved into essays comparing eyre wide sea, an apartment in Swabia to see if she would enjoy living away from home. In July, 2003, a vice-president of First Commercial Industrial Bank of Prussia [��First Commercial��] attended a lecture on furniture repair that Isolde gave in Prussia. He decided that Tristan and Isolde had a promising business and that the bank would do well to procure their business. After receiving a letter at form 2 their shop offering the bank��s services, Tristan and Isolde decided to compensation borrow $150,000 from First Commercial. By telephone, they requested the bank send them the paperwork at their shop. On August 15, 2003, Tristan and essays form, Isolde signed the comparing jane sargasso, loan papers at form their shop and thesis, Tristan immediately took them to First Commercial��s main office, located ten miles away in 2 the State of Prussia.

First Commercial then gave them a check for $150,000 minus closing costs of approximately $5,000. The loan agreement provided that its interpretation and validity would be governed by the law of Prussia and that it was to be repaid in essay two years. Due to financial difficulties, Tristan and Isolde made only two payments on the loan. When First Commercial threatened to sue them, Tristan settled the bank��s claim against him for $50,000. First Commercial then sued Isolde in the United States District Court for Prussia to collect the unpaid principal and interest.

First Commercial��s attorney served Isolde with process by registered mail, return receipt requested, to her at the shop in Swabia. On May 15, 2005, after Isolde failed to respond to the complaint and summons, the court entered a default judgment against her for form 2 $100,000. On December 1, 2006, First Commercial sought to register the judgment against essays holocaust history, Isolde with the 2, United States District Court for the District of Swabia. In conjunction that proceeding, First Commercial procured a writ of garnishment, attaching $10,000 that Isolde had in a bank account in Swabia. First Commercial also procured a writ of garnishment from the federal court in Bavaria, attaching a $5,000 debt owed to Isolde by statement, one of her customers there. [Question/instruction] We represent Isolde. Form! Please submit a memo to me discussing fully whether Isolde has any defenses she may raise to the enforcement proceedings in Swabia and Bavaria. Be sure to energy discuss fully any possible defenses that you may have considered and rejected and explain fully why you have rejected them. B. The next day, you receive the following memorandum from the same partner.

Again, respond fully. To: Associate. Re: First Commercial Industrial Bank v. Isolde. Date: Dec. Form 2! 12, 2006.

I have now learned that Isolde was involved in an automobile accident in Swabia a week after she was served with process by executive, registered mail. She was rendered unconscious for two days. An ambulance rushed her to the nearest hospital, which was located in Prussia. Three days after the accident, but while she was hospitalized in form Prussia, a private process server acting on behalf of executive compensation research paper First Commercial served Isolde in her hospital bed with a another copy of the summons and essays, complaint for the same lawsuit. Given that she was served while in the state, it now seems to me that the judgment of the putin phd thesis, federal district court in essays Prussia against Isolde is unquestionably valid and is enforceable in both Swabia and Bavaria. Please discuss fully whether you believe that assumption is valid and whether the service on Isolde in essays on the history the hospital establishes jurisdiction. The discussion below is a verbatim copy of a student��s essay that received a top grade.

Commentary by Professors Banks and form, Entman appears in on renewable energy brackets. . [LEEWS note: We reprint this commentary in blue.] LEEWS NOTE: �IRAC� (merely a formula for organizing analysis of an issue) prescribes a statement of I ssue to precede the statement of R ule, and the discussion ( A nalysis). (And C onclusion at the end.) The LEEWS paragraphing format posits that an abrupt statement of premise (relevant law) to begin a paragraph implies the issue, making a separate statement of issue unnecessary (thereby saving time). Richard's model response in LEEWS format does this. Our only suggestion is that underlining or boldfacing key words in the preamble of law � e.g., Subject matter jurisdiction in the opening paragraph, federal diversity statute in the next � to assist the professor in recognizing the topic (issue). Subject-matter jurisdiction. Essays! The federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction; they can only hear certain types of claims as outlined in Article III of the US Constitution and as authorized by Congressional Statute.

First Commercial will argue that the US District Court has subject-matter jurisdiction to hear this case based on the diversity of citizenship of the parties. First Commercial is a citizen of Prussia. Jane Eyre Wide! Isolde has been living in Swabia for one month. [The facts do not give sufficient information to know how long Isolde had been living in Swabia at the time First Commercial filed its complaint, which is the time at which jurisdiction must either exist or not. Form 2! At most, one can deduce that the suit was brought as early as November 2003 or as late as April 2005. Consequently, Isolde must have been living in Swabia for more than one month, but not the two or three years that some students stated.] She can argue that she is still domiciled in Prussia, where she lived her whole life up to June of 2003, because she only moved to Swabia temporarily, to see ��if she would enjoy�� life on her own. If Isolde is found to be a domiciliary of executive compensation Prussia, then there is not diversity of citizenship and thus no subject matter jurisdiction. However, if Isolde is found to have relocated to Swabia with the intent of essays form 2 staying for comparing wide sargasso sea the indefinite future, then the parties are diverse. The federal diversity statute also requires the amount in controversy to exceed $75,000. 2! The $100,000 judgment against wide sargasso sea, Isolde satisfies this requirement.

N.B. [Please do not use abbreviations, including this one.] This action could not be brought under ��federal question�� jurisdiction because breach of 2 contract is a state common-law claim. Therefore nothing in the plaintiff��s complaint arises under the Constitution and laws of the United States. Subject-matter jurisdiction is essay addiction, never waived, and in essays 2 this case, it has not been previously litigated, so it could be raised on collateral attack. However, it is more likely than not that the court will find that Isolde did move to Swabia with the intent to stay indefinitely, so the District Court in Prussia probably did have subject-matter jurisdiction. Personal jurisdiction.

In the alternative, Isolde can argue that the rendering court in on the holocaust Prussia lacked jurisdiction over the person. Because this has not been litigated, it can be raised on collateral attack in the enforcing court. [We would have preferred a discussion at this point that specifically points out that Isolde never even appeared in essays 2 the first action. On The History! Most of you could have improved your answers by making better use of the facts to support your analysis. The reason Isolde can raise personal jurisdiction on collateral attack is because she did not appear at all in the original action. 2! Since she did not appear, there is on renewable energy, no reason to form discuss Rule 12.] First, Isolde will argue that there are no traditional bases for establishing jurisdiction over her in Prussia. N.B. The federal courts derive their personal jurisdictional reach from the state in which they are situated, so the District Court can exert personal jurisdiction over an out of state defendant only holocaust, if the state court could do so. Isolde was not served with process with Prussia, so transitory [transient?] jurisdiction does not attach. Form 2! Because it is thesis for pro, necessary that she be domiciled in essays 2 Swabia to establish diversity of citizenship, First Commercial cannot argue that she be subjected to personal jurisdiction on the basis of domicile.

Even though the contract included a choice-of-law provision applying the laws of Prussia to possible disputes, that is compensation research paper, not the same as a consent provision. Essays! [A surprising number of students referred to this as a forum selection clause. At least one student referred to it as a forum selection clause in part of the answer and a choice of law provision in another part of the same answer. Another specifically stated that it was a forum selection clause and not a choice of law provision. Research! Mistakes of this type may be attributable to form 2 sloppy reading of the facts but they are also a strong indication of a serious lack of preparation. Essays! Failure to devote sufficient time to study of the assigned materials frequently manifests itself in a person��s demonstrated obliviousness to important distinctions.

Others simply didn��t know what to do with the fact, thus reflecting a failure to essays form 2 study the Burger King opinion and to thesis statement for pro pay attention to our class discussions of it.] Statutory basis. First Commercial will argue that the long-arm statute conferred specific jurisdiction over Isolde on 2 the basis of the first of the essays energy, enumerated acts: ��a) transacting any business within the State.�� The claim for 2 relief, the $100,000 breach of contract, arises from the putin, defendant��s act of entering into the loan contract, which First Commercial will argue was executed on Tristan��s delivery of the loan documents to the Bank��s main office in Prussia. Isolde will counter that her act was signing the documents, which took place at form 2 the furniture shop in Swabia. This is a valid argument so long as the essays on the holocaust history, court reads the essays form, statute literally and narrowly. However, if a court interpreted the statute broadly (See Gray v. American Radiator) it might find that the thesis statement, statute reaches the out of state act, the signing of the contract, which causes an in state result, the form, execution of the contract. [It is probably not necessary to stretch the construction of the statute as the court did in Gray to hold that it confers jurisdiction, given the facts of this problem. Putin Phd Thesis! The statute covers transacting business in the forum state ��directly or by an agent.�� Like McShara in Burger King, Tristan was acting on behalf of the partnership (thus as an agent) in delivering the papers to the bank. The facts specifically state that Isolde, along with Tristan, signed the papers and that he immediately took them to form 2 the bank. You should never, as many of you did, overlook the statement that Isolde signed the papers or speculate that she may not have read them. There is simply no basis in the facts for speculating that Isolde didn��t know what she was signing.

Indulging in speculation that she might not have reveals desperation.] Constitutional Standard. The Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution provides that no state shall deprive a citizen of life, liberty or property without due process of paper law. The U.S. Supreme Court defined the due process standard as it relates to essays form 2 imposing personal jurisdiction on an out of state defendant in International Shoe: jurisdiction is constitutional only if the cause of action arises from the defendant��s minimum contacts with the forum, such that the assertion of jurisdiction would not offend traditional notions of fair play and on facebook, substantial justice.

Assuming, arguendo, [LEEWS note: We teach the proper use of words like arguendo -- because they are useful and add a lawyerly caste to the presentation.] that the long-arm statute is sufficient to provide a statutory basis of jurisdiction over Isolde, would such jurisdiction be constitutional under the Shoe standard? [While it is implicit in the answer that the essays 2, constitutional hurdle becomes important only if the court first accepts the argument that the statement for pro, statute confers jurisdiction, a perfect answer would have explained that relationship more fully.] Isolde will argue no, because the 2, contact which gives rise to the claim, the signed loan contract, was brought into the forum by comparing sargasso, the unilateral actions of a third party, Tristan. Therefore, Isolde did not purposefully avail herself of the 2, privileges of conducting activities in the forum, Prussia. First Commercial will counter that Tristan and Isolde were operating together to energy secure the loan. They reached into essays form, the forum when they called First Commercial. Putin! Isolde knew that Tristan was taking the 2, documents to Prussia, [run-on sentence, a sin committed by many students in these essays] therefore it was imminently [eminently] foreseeable that the contract would be executed there, and essay addiction, she could reasonably anticipate being haled into court in Prussia over any disputes to the contract. (See Denckla, Worldwide VW). While there are some open questions regarding minimum contacts, the facts seem to form 2 favor First Commercial. In the alternative, [In addition?] can Isolde raise any of the on renewable energy, fairness factors, defining ��fair play and substantial justice,�� articulated in essays 2 the US Supreme Court��s Burger King decision?

In weighing the relative burden on Isolde compared to the interest of for pro First National in litigating in Prussia, it does not seem unfair to require Isolde to travel to a nearby state where she lived most of her life and where she sometimes appears to give lectures. The interest of the forum state in adjudicating the dispute would be well served because of the choice of law provision; Prussia has an interest in adjudicating its own laws. The interest of the several states in form efficiency and public policy do not seem to enter the picture, so the fairness factors do not point to Prussia as an unfair forum for Isolde. Conclusion. Jane Eyre Sargasso Sea! Although Isolde has some colorable arguments, she probably cannot invalidate the original judgment on a defense of lack of personal jurisdiction.

[Many of you neglected altogether most of the issues about essays form validity of the Prussia judgment treated in the foregoing answer, instead discussing at length personal jurisdiction, subject matter jurisdiction, and executive research paper, service of process in the enforcement proceedings in Swabia and Bavaria. Such discussions reflect a lack of knowledge of our classwork on Assignment 27, a failure to read the Shaffer v. Heitner opinion carefully, and a failure to essays form study the problems following that opinion in essays holocaust history the casebook.]

The Most Interesting (Business) Man in the World. Today�s offering in our Timeless Essay series affords readers the opportunity to join Hunter Baker as he discusses Peter Drucker, the most interesting (business) man in the world. �W. Essays Form! Winston Elliott III, Publisher. A number of readers of this essay will be familiar with the beer company commercials built around �The Most Interesting Man in jane eyre wide sargasso, the World.� This man, a virile and hirsute senior citizen, has moved through his century with peerless confidence and style. When I think of my own candidate for the most interesting man, I find that Peter Drucker (1909�2005) comes to mind. Drucker is best known to the world as the author of massive bestsellers in the category of business management.

Before there was Jim Collins or Tom Peters, there was Peter Drucker. He was born a subject of the Austrian emperor and worked as an economist and a journalist before ultimately becoming a professor in the United States. While I think of him as �the most interesting man,� he was more humble about form, himself. Essays History! His autobiography is titled Adventures of a Bystander . The book is mostly a collection of essays tales about people Drucker knew rather than a chronology of his own life. For instance, it tells of an odd man (one of Drucker�s fellow students) who would become the teacher of Henry Kissinger, Alfred Sloan (the man who made General Motors a giant success), Henry Luce (the founder of Time ), and many other interesting figures. Perhaps the story I remember best from the book is the one about an investment firm with which Drucker was associated.

This old European firm actually had a courtesan; her services came as part of for pro life essay a specific position on the firm�s organizational chart. Drucker describes the form 2 crisis that occurred when a happily married young man was appointed to the job to which the courtesan was attached. On Facebook Addiction! I�ll leave it to readers to essays form 2 obtain the book and find out more. Less scandalous, but also interesting and amusing, is the tale he tells of a partner at the same firm who apparently did nothing all day but trade shares of the statement Chrysler Corporation. He was quite successful at it, yet he had no idea what kind of business Chrysler was. He thought it might be a railroad company.

Not Just a Business Thinker. Like many, I discovered Drucker through his extensive writings in the discipline of management. Form! But as I read his books, I got little hints that he might be something more than a gifted writer of bestselling business books. Though some credit him with the thesis statement for pro founding of management as an academic field, and most associate him with such books as The Effective Executive (1967) and Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, and Practices (1973), I noticed that his earlier works, from the 1940s and 1950s, had more expansive titles such as The End of Economic Man and The New Society . I also learned that his academic training was not in management but in law; he had obtained his European doctorate in essays, international law. I began to see Drucker as a social and political thinker, as well as an astute business mind. This is, after all, the man who viewed management primarily as a liberal art. Since making that realization, I have studied his earlier books. Drucker thought a lot about essays jane eyre wide, such things as totalitarianism, decentralization, limited government, an essays, American type of conservatism that he thought had special characteristics, social harmony, the impact of mass production on human beings, and other topics. One subject that preoccupied him in on facebook, those earlier decades was the Christian faith. In an attempt to draw more attention to a somewhat forgotten aspect of the man and his work, I will, in what follows, identify and discuss some of Drucker�s key themes regarding the Christian faith in relation to essays form 2 society and government. How Totalitarianism Was Able to Rise.

Drucker�s first book, The End of Economic Man (1939), contains some of essays on the holocaust his most profound hopes and thoughts regarding Christianity. The book is about the phenomenon of form 2 totalitarianism and how it achieved so much traction with people in the forms of fascism and communism. It is not surprising that a man born into the constitutional monarchy of the phd thesis Austro-Hungarian empire and essays form 2 who saw his country annexed to Hitler�s Germany while he was still young would find the problem of totalitarianism to on renewable be urgent. In the late 1930s, he was living close to the crisis both chronologically and geographically. Indeed, the Nazi regime ordered that a pamphlet he had written be banned and essays 2 destroyed. The End of Economic Man makes the case that totalitarianism was able to rise in Europe because it gave hope to the masses. That much is not original. But Drucker went further, arguing that totalitarianism succeeds by creating a parallel life system�typically based on the organizational structure of the official party�that both runs alongside and comparing jane wide supersedes the economic system. Adherence to the party and its agenda is a new way to excel in life and to redirect one�s purpose to a purportedly higher cause.

Therefore, the ability to be economically productive takes second place to the merits of party participation. The economic system must be made to serve the form goals of something higher and better. Both the essays on renewable energy Nazis and the Communists managed to accomplish the essays form feat of putin phd thesis elevating ideological party life over the economic system, which the masses felt devalued and essays form threatened them with what Drucker called the �demons� of unemployment and depression. Many people accepted the substitution of party organization over economics because they did not feel that commerce should determine the shape of society. In this new system, they felt they might be able to live a better life. The leader of the new social structure was like a magician or high priest who promised to research exorcise the demons of unemployment and essays form depression. Drucker noted that a number of German Protestant farmers hung a portrait of the Fuhrer where a picture of Jesus Christ had previously been. He pointed to the elevation of thesis life essay Hitler to the status of a religious figure by way of diagnosis. In his own mind, the Church was a far better candidate to integrate the broader society beyond simple economics than were the totalitarian movements that ascended to power.

Drucker identified a number of Christians around that time who were searching for a way to provide a new basis for society, including Nicolai Berdiadiev (Berdyaev), G. K. Chesterton, Karl Barth, and Oswald von Nell-Breuning. Chesterton�s inclusion in form 2, this group makes one wonder whether Drucker thought of small-property distributism as a way to deal in research, a loving and essays productive way with the question of private property, regarding which he saw the pendulum swinging too far in one direction. What had once been a social concept balanced with both privileges and duties now seemed to have slid too much to one side�that of privileges�and the resulting dissatisfaction helped open the door to political evils such as totalitarianism. According to Drucker, voices within the Church realized that �the subjection of putin phd thesis all property to money-economy would pauperize the masses and enrich the few.� His sympathy with those concerned about potential wrong turns in the market shouldn�t be surprising. That is form, a perennial concern in the political-economic mix. In The Republic , Plato expressed alarm at the idea of cities allowing their inhabitants to wide sea freely dispose of property.

The Mosaic law prohibited the fully free buying and selling of property, instead granting men only limited rights to alienate property for a term of years. Even John Locke, who provided a compelling justification for essays form, property rights, included the limitation that only so much could be taken as left similar property available for others to claim and to work. Christianity as a Rescue Mechanism. Despite the fact that he wrote The End of Economic Man when totalitarianism was ascendant in both fascistic and communistic forms, Drucker had hope for comparing jane sargasso, the potential positive influence the Christian faith could exert. In his view, Christianity gains power when it has been uprooted and seeks to reintegrate in a new way. His insight here foreshadowed the argument British sociologist David Martin would make decades later. Form 2! Christianity seems to grow weak when favored by executive research paper, authorities and waxes stronger when cut back to its remnant. From that point of renewal, the faith again becomes a system challenger and presents a true alternative.

After World War II, there were others who set their eyes on Christianity as a rescue mechanism in the wake of the war�s great devastation. The post-war trials of Nazi war criminals at Nuremberg exhibited a sound rejection of values-free legal positivism and brought something like Christian natural law to bear in judging the form 2 shocking behavior of those who engaged in genocidal work. With greater particularity, Frank Buchman, the Lutheran minister, appealed to Western leaders to commit their nations to �moral and spiritual re-armament� as a way to prevent the build-up and use of frightening technological armaments. Comparing Sea! The Oxford Group, of 2 which he was a part, sought to bring about �a Christian revolution for remaking the world.� In his next book, The Future of Industrial Man (1942), Drucker relied upon Christian anthropology as a promising building block for society. On The Holocaust History! He credited Christianity with the idea that men are more alike in their moral character than in their race, nationality, or color. Though we are imperfect and sinful, we are simultaneously made in God�s image and are responsible for essays 2, our choices. We cannot claim to have fully comprehended the good, but neither can we deny our responsibility to seek it. Freedom, according to Drucker, is based upon faith. He went on to make a claim that would be surprising to the legions who follow his managerial thought even to this day. Freedom, as we understand it, is comparing jane sea, inconceivable outside and before the Christian era.

The history of essays 2 freedom does not begin with Plato or Aristotle. Neither could have visualized any rights of the individual against society, although Aristotle came closer than any man in the pre-Christian era to the creed that man is inherently imperfect and impermanent. Essays Comparing Eyre Wide Sargasso Sea! Nor does the history of freedom begin with those Athenian �totalitarian liberals,� the Sophists who denied all responsibility of the individual because they denied the existence of absolutes. The roots of freedom are in the Sermon on the Mount and in the Epistles of St. Essays Form! Paul; the first flower of the tree of liberty was St. Augustine.

But after two thousand years of development from these roots, we still have trouble in understanding that freedom is a question of decision and responsibility, not one of essay addiction perfection and efficiency. In other words, we still confuse, only too often, the Platonic question: What is the best government? with the Christian question: What is a free society? (Italics mine) Those who take what Drucker called the Christian question, �What is a free society?� as their starting point realize that government and society should be organized as different spheres. The one is limited by the other. Madison, Jefferson, Burke, and Hamilton saw that there should be a separation of essays government in the political sphere from social rule. Essays Comparing Wide Sargasso Sea! Augustine saw it first. The City of God is separate from, though present within, the City of Man. Of relevance here also is the theory of the two swords of essays 2 emperor and thesis statement life essay church. More basic still is the precept: Render unto Caesar what is Caesar�s and to the Lord what is the Lord�s.

Caesar�s domain is not comprehensive. In the Christian view of things, it cannot be comprehensive. Essays Form 2! It is a mistake, then, to fuse government and society within the political authority. Fundamentally, the point is that the essay addiction political should never become coextensive with the social. Political options should always lag behind their more organic social counterparts.

Obviously, there are other modern views that proceed from different starting points. The Enlightenment postulate (the French Enlightenment it would seem), per essays 2 Drucker, was that human reason is absolute. That attitude helps explain Robespierre and his Goddess of Reason. Rationalists believe that living men can possess perfected, absolute reason. That belief energizes government ambition and action, especially over against what is considered a superstitious worldview. But Americans, Drucker asserted, retained an emphasis on man�s fallen nature.

Their liberalism was based on humility, love, and faith. Accordingly, the founders were less willing to invest institutions with European confidence in the combination of rationality and government power. For Americans, it was safer to draw lines between the political and the social, lest the putin phd thesis former overwhelm the latter and take freedom with it. Two Ideals Needing Balance. The Future of Industrial Man won Drucker an invitation to engage in a deep study of General Motors Corporation (GM). That study gave rise to Drucker�s third book, The Concept of the Corporation (1946). Perhaps unsurprisingly, given that GM was the primary subject matter, Drucker reflected less directly on spiritual matters in this book. Still, even in a book about GM and essentially for GM, his Christian humanism was evident, as he wrote about the importance of examining the �particular beliefs, aims, and purposes of American society with its roots in essays 2, the Christian tradition.�

He also observed that, in essay on facebook, America, the two concepts of equality of human dignity and equality of opportunity go together. They appear to be in tension, with one potentially tilting toward anarchy and the other in the direction of hierarchy, but Drucker rejected the essays form 2 appearance for what he saw as a deeper reality: the two beliefs can only be realized together. And it is within the executive compensation Christian tradition that we must find the resources to 2 balance them. This is the holocaust task of statesmen. Freedom demands respect for both ideals. �Freedom is an article of essays faith, and not a law of holocaust history physics,� Drucker wrote. �It is perfectly possible, therefore, not to believe in it. If the essays form 2 collectivists have no faith in it, they cannot be proven wrong.� After making a prudential argument for the superiority of a free society (which I do not repeat here), he went on to discount it in favor of a more transcendent view, referring to the prudential case as �only a secondary argument for those who, like the author [himself], believe in thesis statement life essay, freedom as an article of faith and as commanded by the nature of God and of man.� From Split to form Twin Allegiance.

In The New Society (1950), Drucker returned to his focus on jane eyre wide, totalitarianism and again voiced Christian concerns. In his view, the modern age enabled totalitarianism through its reliance on mass production. In a society centered on mass production, people cannot be economically productive unless they have access to the industrial apparatus. Essays Form 2! A large and determined government can keep dissenting individuals from gaining access to the means of production and thus from the thesis for pro life essay tools needed to make a living. While one might be tempted to downplay the threat of mass production wielded by totalitarians, Drucker pointed out essays, that faith and essays conscience would be under siege in such a regime. �[T]hough a totalitarian government may not be able to control the souls of its citizens, it can control all their actions; and how long will a faith persist if it cannot come to life in works?� In his first book, he�d already written about the ineffectiveness of a Christianity that is successfully confined to the purely private sphere. In a section on the economics of labor, Drucker applied the form 2 kind of essays on renewable energy thought one might think natural to a Christian scholar. He saw the union/management relationship as similar in form 2, some ways to essays on renewable the one that has at times existed between church and state. Both claim the allegiance of the people, and yet the two may not be able to live long without each other. If they devolve into pure conflict, the whole society may be threatened. Since a split allegiance can create negative tensions in a society, Drucker said it would be better to find a way to turn the split allegiance into 2 a twin allegiance.

Once again, we have the two swords. Phd Thesis! This twin allegiance may be the key to establishing the new social system successfully integrated by form, Christianity that Drucker seemed to essays on the holocaust hope for in his first book. But even if church and essays 2 state cannot find the greater harmony Drucker thought desirable, the life essay church can still serve a positive function as a loyal protester or critic of sorts. The existence of dissenting institutions, such as the Christian church in a secular society, or a liberal arts college in the business world, helps a society change and adapt, recover and build, he argues. In other words, the church holds out an alternative and the opportunity for renewal. The Need for Virtue Spiritual Values. Finally, in essays, Landmarks of Tomorrow (1957) Drucker tried to lift the modern mind above its increasing materialism. He began the book with a tale of two sons, one a geneticist and the other a theology student, who both saw Inherit the Wind yet could not understand the conflict between science and religion. On The! Their father, on the other hand, had been so affected by the Scopes trial that he had left the ministry and essays form become a lawyer.

The brothers could not understand his reasoning. The implication of the story appears to be that the so-called war between science and essays religion is fundamentally wrongheaded. Drucker went on to argue for the clear evidence of purpose in the universe, right down to the purposeful order within the structure of essays matter. He saw purpose built into executive compensation paper the universe rather than lurking on the outside. As in essays, his other books, Drucker remained committed to understanding individuals as spiritual beings with allegiances superior to comparing jane eyre sargasso sea those demanded of them by organizations. Roles such as husband, father, citizen, member of a profession, and church member should not be subordinated to 2 roles assigned by organizations. This limitation on the demands of putin organizations could be extended even to the institution of sovereignty. Drucker viewed sovereignty as a tool to essays be used for essays, the good of mankind. But if sovereignty becomes a threat to human survival, as with the arms race and nuclear brinksmanship, then it must be limited. Essays! He argued that the powers of destruction that have been acquired by human sovereignties are so vast as to be fundamentally illegitimate. He also discussed education in the book, and his perspective on this topic is especially pertinent in a time when utilitarian views of learning are increasingly influential.

Drucker thought the essay on facebook addiction twentieth century was probably the first in which education became a legitimate mass investment rather than a luxury item. Essays! Part of what makes his view interesting is that he insisted on the need for education to take cognizance of virtue and spiritual values. Essays Jane! The well-educated man should gain the ability to choose well �between service to a true and to a false master.� Here, Drucker ended what I consider the first major phase of his career as an author. He concluded it by essays form, challenging scientists not to essays settle for purely materialistic answers to form the questions raised by their discoveries. Essays Holocaust History! The expansion of 2 human knowledge and statement essay power only opens the door to further inquiries regarding the meaning of human existence and of the human spirit. But the nature of the challenge has shifted. Essays Form 2! Before, we had to be concerned with threats to knowledge. The trial of Socrates might be an example there.

But now, we face the addiction threat of knowledge. Here, we might think about biological weapons or cloning. If we do not have virtue, if we do not have spiritual values, we will not make right decisions about essays 2, what to do with our newfound power. That brings us back to the responsible freedom Drucker saw emanating from the essay Christian tradition. As of the late 1950s, he was hopeful that the trend away from spiritual values and religion had been reversed. He called upon his readers to recognize our need for the �I and Thou� and to take responsibility for all that happens to the least of these. Freedom Rooted in the Spirit. I would like to conclude by returning briefly to essays an extended quote from Drucker�s first book, which seems, in many ways, to capture the key theme of his writing in those early years. Realization of energy freedom and equality was first sought in the spiritual sphere.

The creed that all men are equal in the world beyond and free to decide their fate in the other world by their actions and thoughts in essays 2, this one, which, accordingly, is executive compensation paper, but a preparation for the real life, may have been only an attempt to keep the masses down, as the eighteenth century and the Marxists assert. But to the people in the eleventh or in essays 2, the thirteenth century the essays holocaust promise was real. Essays Form 2! That every Last Judgment at a church door shows popes, bishops, and kings in damnation was not just the romantic fantasy of a rebellious stonemason. It was a real and truthful expression of that epoch of our history which projected freedom and equality into the spiritual sphere. The underlying point expressed poignantly by Drucker in the paragraph above is one on which we have only a tenuous hold today.

Matters of freedom and equality are rooted in the spirit. We should hope that those who follow Drucker in instructing us how to organize modern life will have a grasp of the essays on renewable energy whole as comprehensive as his was. This essay in our series of �Timeless Essays� was first published here in September 2014. Books on the topic of this essay may be found in The Imaginative Conservative Bookstore. Reprinted with gracious permission from essays 2, Touchstone and the author.

2017 Bakery Business Plan In Nigeria PDF Feasibility Studies. THIS BUSINESS PLAN IS REGULARLY UPDATED AND CAN ALSO BE USED FOR BANK LOANS, GRANTS, PROPOSAL FOR COMPETITIONS ETC. Bread Bakery Business Plan In Nigeria Writing a Business Plan for a Bread Bakery. Going by form the high demand for bread, a bakery business has excellent chances of success. However, the success of the business hinges largely on the skills and essays comparing eyre, experience of the essays owner as well as how carefully the business is planned from the outset. If you are planning to start a bakery business, you need to write a business plan. While you might want to dismiss this idea as insignificant, you must bear in putin, mind that the business plan is the only official document that will detail the analyses of every aspect of your business. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR THE BREAD BAKERY BUSINESS PLAN IN NIGERIA. 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 2.2 Vision and Mission. 2.3 Ownership of the enterprise.

2.4 Legal status. Essays Form 2? 2.5 Location and facilities. Putin? 2.7 Business Strategy. 2.8 Key success factors. 2.9 Revenue base. Form 2? 3.0 MARKETING AND CLIENTS. 3.1 Nature and essays, size. 3.2 Target clients. 3.3 Key competitors and players. 3.4 Production process. 3.5 Service delivery.

3.6 Quality assurance. 3.7 Demand/supply analysis. 3.9 Competitive edge. 4.0 MARKETING PLAN FOR THE BAKERY BUSINESS. 4.4 Market positioning. 2? 4.5 Service delivery strategy. 4.6 SWOT analysis. 5.0 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT. 5.1 Organization of structures. 5.2 Shareholders and directors. 5.3 Management Team.

5.4 External support. 5.5 Personnel support. 5.6 Values and norms of the company. 6.0 LEGAL, REGULATORY, SOCIAL AND. 6.1 Legal issues. Statement Life? 6.2 Regulatory issues. 6.3 Social issues. Essays 2? 6.4 Environmental issues.

7.0 FINANCIAL PLAN FOR THE BREAD BAKERY BUSINESS. 7.1 Summary of essays eyre wide sargasso sea, project cost. 7.2 Funding plan statement. 7.3 Funding requirement. 7.4 Projected income statement. 7.5 Projected cash-flows statement. 7.6 Projected Balance sheet.

7.7 Profitability analysis for the bakery business. Form 2? 7.8 Break-even point analysis. 8.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS, CONCLUSION/ 8.1 Economic justification. 8.2 Commercial viability. Essay On Facebook Addiction? 8.4 General Conclusion and recommendation. GRAB YOUR BAKERY BUSINESS PLAN IN NIGERIA. Form 2? Hurry now, Get Your Bakery Business Plan. To place an order, pay N10,000 to.

GTBank (Guaranty Trust Bank) Account Name � Chudi-Oji Chukwuka. Account No � 0044157183. Thesis For Pro Essay? After payment text your name and your e-mail address to 08060565721 and you�ll receive your BAKERY BUSINESS PLAN IN NIGERIA / FEASIBILITY STUDY. It will be sent to your email address after your payment has been confirmed.(Soft copy only) Although writing a bread bakery business plan might not guarantee the success of your bakery business, not writing it is a shortcut to failure. Essays Form? Bread is a stable food in essay on facebook addiction, the country today. It is consumed by all and sundry- the old, young poor and rich consume bread on daily basis. It one of the best investment one can think of.

Nigeria investors are therefore advised to invest into bread production. Bread is regarded as a food for the masses. It is taken as breakfast in 2, many houses. With the rapid increase in population of Nigeria and migration to the urban areas from the rural areas, there is need to increase the number of bread producing firms in the country. Despite the increase in the prices of bread the putin demand for bread keeps rising. Despite the increase in essays form, flour and phd thesis, other raw materials for bread making, investment into essays form, the industry is still very lucrative. According to publication made by the Nigeria bakers association , prices of bread, a major stable food have risen in the last three years by essays on the holocaust an average of about 25 per cent from between N80 and N120 per family size loaf to essays form, between N120 and N150 amid increase in the prices of executive research, baking materials. Starting the 2 Bakery Business.

For any prospective investor to be successful consideration should be given to the location. This is very important because this will determine the type/categories of customers to service. Usually it is advisable to locate the project in the areas where there are large populations. To start the business there is need to consider the type of technology to apply in the project. What are the type of essays on renewable, machines to use, the capacity of the machines and other basic infrastructures such as distribution vehicles, power generating and other such related issues? The operational environment is very important. Essays Form? For easy approval by NAFDAC and SON, there is need to site the project in a very clean environment. Details on the structural plan and location information will be given to the prospective investors.

Marketing Strategies for The Bread Bakery Business Plan In Nigeria. Though bread can easily be sold in any part of the country, there is need to be proactive. There is to have well articulated structures marketing strategies. Comparing Jane Eyre Wide? Having mentioned some possible market in a broader prospective, it is appropriate to structure effective marketing management and form 2, financial control. The writer will give detailed marketing/management to prospective investors in the business proposals/plans. Plants Machinery for The Bread Bakery Business Plan In Nigeria. The following plants, machinery and on renewable energy, equipment are essential for setting up an ultra-modern bakery ; Electric oven (3 Deck/4Deck are available depending on the capacity), industrial burner, electric milling machines, mixer, bowl or dough mixer (of various capacities ranging from3-10 bags of 2, 50kg flour at a time), automatic Slicing machine, Paster roller, Standard scale/measure. There is also need to procure various sizes of phd thesis, baking pans.

The machines can be sourced locally or imported. Details will be made available to prospective investors. The power generating is very important and ranges from 25KVA above depending also on the capacity of the plant to be installed. Raw Materials Applications and Sources for The Bread Bakery Business Plan In Nigeria. All the required raw materials for essays form commercial bread production are locally available and include the following; flour, sugar, salt, yeast and edible or baking fat. There is need to get a professional food technologist that will mix the inputs properly to achieve a unique taste. Production Processes of the for holocaust The Bread Bakery Business Plan In Nigeria. The first step is to purchase the basic raw materials from essays, dealers and maintain adequate stock. Other steps include measuring out the quantities required, mixing the raw materials using the mixing bowl; milling with the milling machine; putting the milled products into the baking pans and allowed for some hours to rise properly, transferring to the baking oven.

The baking pans are then emptied and set to cool for putin slicing. 2? The bread is then wrapped and packaged for statement for pro life essay sales. Packaging for The Bread Bakery Business Plan In Nigeria. The packaging materials should be unique and attractive. This is very important in the modern bread industry. Labor Requirement for The Bread Bakery Business Plan In Nigeria. Form? From our projection, about 16 people are needed for a start for holocaust production, marketing, management and auxiliary staff. Essays 2? Implementation of The Bread Bakery Business Plan In Nigeria. To handle the implementation of this project professionally, prospective investors should embark upon a detailed and bankable feasibility studies. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR THE BREAD BAKERY BUSINESS PLAN IN NIGERIA. 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.

2.2 Vision and on facebook addiction, Mission. 2.3 Ownership of the enterprise. 2.4 Legal status. 2.5 Location and facilities. 2.7 Business Strategy. 2.8 Key success factors. 2.9 Revenue base. 3.0 MARKETING AND CLIENTS. 3.1 Nature and size. 3.2 Target clients.

3.3 Key competitors and players. 3.4 Production process. 3.5 Service delivery. Essays Form? 3.6 Quality assurance. 3.7 Demand/supply analysis. 3.9 Competitive edge. 4.0 MARKETING PLAN FOR THE BAKERY BUSINESS. 4.4 Market positioning. 4.5 Service delivery strategy. 4.6 SWOT analysis. 5.0 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT.

5.1 Organization of structures. 5.2 Shareholders and thesis statement for pro life essay, directors. 5.3 Management Team. 5.4 External support. 5.5 Personnel support. 5.6 Values and norms of the company. 6.0 LEGAL, REGULATORY, SOCIAL AND. 6.1 Legal issues. Essays Form 2? 6.2 Regulatory issues. 6.3 Social issues. 6.4 Environmental issues.

7.0 FINANCIAL PLAN FOR THE BREAD BAKERY BUSINESS. 7.1 Summary of project cost. 7.2 Funding plan statement. 7.3 Funding requirement. 7.4 Projected income statement. 7.5 Projected cash-flows statement. 7.6 Projected Balance sheet.

7.7 Profitability analysis for the bakery business. 7.8 Break-even point analysis. 8.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS, CONCLUSION/ 8.1 Economic justification. 8.2 Commercial viability. 8.4 General Conclusion and recommendation. Hurry now, Get Your Bakery Business Plan. To place an order, pay N10,000 to. Executive Compensation Paper? GTBank (Guaranty Trust Bank) Account Name � Chudi-Oji Chukwuka.

Account No � 0044157183. After payment text your name and your e-mail address to 08060565721 and you�ll receive your BAKERY BUSINESS PLAN IN NIGERIA PDF / FEASIBILITY STUDY . It will be sent to your email address after your payment has been confirmed.(Soft copy only) feasibility study format. 2? how to write up a business plan. how to write a basic business plan. restaurant business plans. business plan format. Holocaust? business plan in nigeria. how to essays 2, create a business plan. feasibility study report. how to make a business plan step by comparing jane eyre wide sargasso sea step. Thanks for visiting Business Plan Nigeria. Here you will learn how to write a business plan like a professional.

Essay: Revolution and Counterrevolution, 1917�2017. Courtesy: Monthly Review. ( August 8, 2017, Boston, Sri Lanka Guardian) The Russian Revolution of 1917 erupted on the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Karl Marx�s Capital. From the form start, the executive research October Revolution seemed both to confirm and contradict Marx�s analysis. He had envisioned a working-class-based socialist revolution breaking out in the developed capitalist countries of Western Europe. But the 1882 preface to the Communist Manifesto, written a year before his death, amended this by pointing to a revolution in Russia as a possible �signal for proletarian revolution in the West.�1 Yet although a worker-peasant revolution under Marxist leadership triumphed in essays form, Russia in 1917, Russia was still a largely underdeveloped country, and the revolutionary uprisings in Germany and Central Europe which followed were weak and comparing jane eyre sea, easily extinguished. In these circumstances, Soviet Russia, completely isolated, faced a massive counterrevolution, with all the major imperialist powers intervening on essays the side of the White Russian forces in the Civil War. Essays On Renewable. �Socialism in one country,� the basic defensive posture of the essays USSR throughout its history, was thus to a large extent a geopolitical reality imposed on it from outside. This was evident beginning with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in which Russia was forced to give up much of the statement territory of the Tsarist Empire, followed soon after by the Treaty of Versailles, which sought to isolate it still further. It was imperialism�not in its generic sense, encompassing the whole history of colonialism�but in its connection to the monopoly stage of capitalism, as V. Essays. I. Lenin employed the term, that constituted the differentia specifica of twentieth-century capitalism, determining the conditions of both revolution and counterrevolution. Already by the late nineteenth century, the contest over colonies that had shaped much of European conflict since the seventeenth century had been replaced by a struggle of a qualitatively new kind: competition between nation-states and their corporations, not for on renewable energy, imperial zones, but for actual global hegemony in an increasingly interconnected imperialist world system.2 Henceforth revolution and counterrevolution would be interrelated at the level of the system as a whole. Essays 2. All revolutionary waves, concentrated in the periphery where exploitation was most severe, since intensified by the extraction of surplus by the metropolitan powers, were revolts against imperialism, and were confronted by imperialist counterrevolution, organized by thesis essay, the core capitalist states.3 Complicating this was the fact that a privileged sector of the working class in the advanced capitalist states could be seen as benefitting indirectly from the essays form 2 drain of surplus from the periphery, giving rise to a �labor aristocracy,� a phenomenon first singled out Frederick Engels and on facebook addiction, later theorized by Lenin in his Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism.4.

Still, in 1967, a half-century after October 1917 and a hundred years after Capital, it was not unreasonable to assume, amid the Vietnam War and the Cultural Revolution in form, China, that world revolution would gradually gain the upper hand, and that the revolutions that had occurred, not only in essays on renewable energy, Russia, but also in China, Cuba, and elsewhere, were irreversible. The twentieth century had already proven itself the bloodiest in human history. Yet it was also a period of enormous advances in human liberation. If the forces of world counterrevolution were gathering, their victory, even in essays form 2, the short run, was far from certain. As Herbert Marcuse declared in the opening pages of his 1972 Counterrevolution and Revolt: The Western world has reached a new stage of development: now, the defense of the capitalist system requires the thesis organization of counterrevolution at form, home and abroad. In its extreme manifestations, it practices the horrors of the Nazi regime. Wholesale massacres in Indochina, Indonesia, the Congo, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the Sudan are unleashed against everything which is called �communist� or which is in revolt against governments subservient to statement essay, the imperialist countries.

Cruel persecution prevails in the Latin American countries under fascist and essays 2, military dictatorships. Torture has become a normal instrument of �interrogation� around the thesis statement for pro essay world. The agony of religious wars revives at the height of Western civilization, and a constant flow of arms from the essays 2 rich countries to the poor helps to comparing sargasso, perpetuate the oppression of national and social liberation�. The counterrevolution is largely preventative and, in the Western world, altogether preventative�. Capitalism reorganizes itself to meet the threat of a revolution which would be the most radical of essays 2 all historical revolutions. It would be the first truly world-historical revolution. Today, a hundred years after the Russian Revolution and a century-and-a-half after Capital, conditions have changed. It would appear that the clock has been turned back, and the forces of global counterrevolution have triumphed. Most of the emancipatory movements that seemed to be gaining ground in the 1960s, primarily in the periphery, have been roundly defeated. Nevertheless, the material contradictions of capitalist development�particularly in executive paper, the form of the planetary ecological emergency�are in many ways more serious than ever before.

Since the Great Financial Crisis of 2 2007�09 pulled the veil away, it is abundantly clear that the present phase of global monopoly-finance capital, with its unprecedented levels of inequality, its stagnation and instability, its civilization-destroying bellicosity, its destruction of the essays on renewable environment, and its new forms of political-economic reaction, threatens the future not only of this generation, but that of all generations�the very survival of humanity. As Eric Hobsbawm concluded in his history of the twentieth century, �the price of failure, that is to say, the alternative to a changed society, is darkness.�5. If imperialist counterrevolution triumphed in the end over the revolutionary waves of the twentieth century, how are we to form 2, understand this, and what does it mean for the future of world revolution? The answer requires a survey, in desperate brevity, of the whole history of imperialist geopolitics over the last century. The period from the mid-1870s through the First World War marked a qualitative break in for pro life essay, the logic of capitalist development.

Contemporary observers as early as the 1870s spoke of the �new imperialism,� to refer to essays form, a rapid increase in addiction, colonial acquisitions, the rise of new imperial powers, and essays 2, a reemergence of inter-imperialist rivalries.6 It was in this phase of the system that monopoly capital�capitalism dominated by giant industrial and financial firms�arose. Germany and the United States were rapidly entering the new age of heavy industry and advancing by leaps and bounds into the monopoly stage of capitalism, while Britain lagged behind in statement for pro life essay, both respects.7 British hegemony over the capitalist world economy, dating from the Industrial Revolution, while still unrivalled in scale, was increasingly threatened under a new multipolar order of essays form competing core states. Life Essay. The last three decades of the nineteenth century were years of economic stagnation, known in Europe at the time as the Great Depression. But it also represented an age of dramatic shifts in the locus of capitalist power. Observing these trends, proponents of imperialism in the major capitalist states developed the new pseudoscience of geopolitics, which focused on the struggle for hegemony in the world system.

Geopolitics can be understood in essays 2, Clausewitzian terms as war by other means, often leading to the actual outbreak of hostilities. It had its origins primarily in the United States and Germany in the 1890s, marking the putin phd thesis rise of both nations as imperial powers. In the United States, the new outlook was best represented by Charles Conant�s �The Economic Basis of Imperialism� (1898) and Brooks Adams�s The New Empire (1902)�both of which projected U.S. political-economic hegemony over large parts of the globe, particularly the Pacific.8 The founder of the German school of Geopolitik was Friedrich Ratzel, who in the 1890s coined the term Lebensraum, �living space,� as an essays form 2, imperative of eyre wide sargasso German policy. �There is in this small planet,� Ratzel wrote, �sufficient space for only one great state.�9. However, what can be called classical geopolitical analysis only appeared in the interwar years and during the Second World War. Its leading British theorist was Halford MacKinder, a former director of the London School of Economics and for twelve years a Member of Parliament from Glasgow. In Democratic Ideals and essays, Reality (1919), he wrote: �The great wars of history are the outcome, direct or indirect, of the unequal growth of nations.� The object of capitalist geopolitics was to promote �the growth of empires,� ending in �a single World-Empire.�10 MacKinder was famous for his doctrine of the comparing eyre sargasso Heartland. Form 2. Hegemony over what he called the World-Island (the interlocked continents of on renewable Europe, Asia, and Africa) and through it control of the entire world, could only essays form 2, be achieved, he argued, by essays jane eyre wide sea, dominating the Heartland�the enormous transcontinental landmass of essays 2 Eurasia, encompassing Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia.

The Heartland was �the greatest natural fortress on phd thesis earth,� because of its inaccessibility to the sea.11 In the new Eurasian age, land power�not sea power, as in past centuries�would be decisive. In Mackinder�s famous dictum: Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland: Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island: Who rules the World-Island commands the World.12. Mackinder�s geopolitical strategy was influenced by the Russian Revolution, and used to justify imperialist counterrevolution. In 1919, the British government appointed him high commissioner for South Russia, responsible for organizing British support for General Denikin and essays 2, the White Army in the Civil War. Following the essays Red Army�s defeat of essays form 2 Denikin, Mackinder returned to London and reported to the government that, although Britain was right to fear German industrialization and militarism, German rearmament, then ostensibly blocked by the Treaty of Versailles, was essential. For Mackinder, Germany constituted the chief bulwark against Bolshevik control of Eastern Europe, and thus of the geopolitical Heartland.13.

Mackinder was not the only influential interwar figure to promote such beliefs. Essays Comparing Eyre. It was this same logic that led Neville Chamberlain�s government two decades later not so much to �appease� Nazi Germany, as to collude with it, in 2, the hope that Germany would turn its guns eastward, toward the USSR. Indeed, the Treaty of Versailles, as Thorstein Veblen explained, was a �compact for the reduction of Soviet Russia,� which while �not written into the text of the Treaty,� could �be said to have been the parchment upon which the text was written.�14. In Germany, the leading geopolitical theorist of the 1930s and on renewable, �40s was Karl Haushofer, the mentor of Rudolf Hess (Deputy Fuhrer in the Nazi regime), and himself a key adviser to Adolf Hitler. He saw the British and U.S. empires as the main threat to Germany, and thus advocated the creation of a great Eurasian intercontinental power bloc, with Germany entering into an alliance of convenience with Russia and Japan to destroy Anglo-American power. With the signing of the Hitler-Stalin Nonaggression Pact, he wrote: �Now finally, the collaboration of the Axis powers, and form, of the Far East, stands distinctly before the German soul.

At last there is phd thesis, hope of survival against the Anaconda policy [the strangling encirclement] of the 2 Western democracies.�15. In the phd thesis United States, the form 2 foremost geopolitical thinker of the age was Nicholas Spykman. In America�s Strategy in World Politics (1942) and his posthumous The Geography of Peace (1944), Spykman opposed Mackinder�s Heartland, land-based geopolitical strategy, in favor of one that emphasized sea power. On Renewable. By controlling the coastal rimlands of Europe, the Middle East, East Asia, and the Pacific, the United States could encircle the Eurasian Heartland, then controlled by 2, the USSR. Spykman insisted on the need for an American-British hegemony over the globe, and was primarily concerned in essays on renewable, The Geography of form 2 Peace with preventing the USSR from establishing �a hegemony over the European rimland.� The Soviet Union, he argued, would be unable to defend itself against statement life �a united rimland.�16 Spykman�s geopolitics exerted a powerful if largely forgotten influence on U.S. foreign policy with the advent of the essays form Cold War, including George Kennan�s strategy of �containment,� as well as the grand designs of the Council on Foreign Relations. In 1943, Mackinder underscored the global stakes for the U.S. empire, declaring in Foreign Affairs that �the territory of the executive compensation research Soviet Union is equivalent to form 2, the Heartland,� over which it could not be allowed to retain control.17 Washington�s initial geopolitical strategy adopted during the Second World War was intended to extend U.S. hegemony outward beyond what the Council on Foreign Relations called the essays history Grand Area of the British and form 2, American empires, to addiction, further encompass continental Europe, the Middle East, and the rimlands of Asia.18 In the new anticommunist crusade, revolutions were to essays 2, be fought all across the on the history globe, but especially in these strategic areas. Not only the Council on form Foreign Relations, but a succession of leading Cold War and post-Cold War strategic planners, such as James Burnham, Eugene Rostow, Henry Kissinger, Zbigniew Brzezinski, and Paul Wolfowitz, would go on to argue in similar terms.19 Washington would ultimately set itself the addiction wider objective of dominating states and regions throughout the world, as well as controlling strategic resources, capital movements, currencies, and world trade. However, the full extent of U.S. imperial ambitions was to become apparent only in the period of naked imperialism following the demise of the Soviet Union.20. The clearest official statement of this new global ambition was the Defense Planning Guidance for 1994�1999 (portions of essays form 2 which were leaked to the New York Times in 1992) overseen by Wolfowitz as undersecretary of history defense for policy. This became known as the Wolfowitz Doctrine, commonly associated with the rise of form neoconservatism.

Intended as a direct response to the disappearance of the USSR from the world stage, it explicitly declared that the new goal of U.S. geopolitical strategy would be the essays on the holocaust indefinite prevention of the reemergence of any rival power that could threaten American supremacy�that is, the pursuit of a permanent unipolar world. �Russia,� the document stated, �will remain the strongest military power in Eurasia and essays, the only life essay, power in the world with the capability of destroying the United States.�21 It thus continued to essays, be the principal long-run target. As Brzezinski, Carter�s national security adviser, put it in 1997 in executive research, The Grand Chessboard, �the United States�now enjoys international primacy, with its power directly deployed on three peripheries of the Eurasian continent��Western Europe and parts of essays form Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East, and East Asia and the Pacific Rim. The goal, he argued, was to create a �hegemony of a new type� or �global supremacy,� indefinitely establishing the United States as �the first and only truly global power.�22 The new world order then envisioned was one of on the U.S. unipolar power, backed by nuclear primacy. Regime change in 2, mid-level states considered of geopolitical significance and outside the U.S. empire�even those previously tolerated in the context of the Cold War�became essential. Here the research paper goal was not to create stable democracies�an objective never considered viable in form 2, key strategic areas such as the Middle East�but rather to destroy �rogue states� and unassimilated political blocs, particularly on the outskirts of the thesis statement for pro life essay Eurasian Heartland and in the oil-rich Persian Gulf, that could threaten the security or hinder the expansion of the U.S. Essays. empire. The blowback from this grand strategy of destruction is most evident today in the rise of the phd thesis Islamic State. The U.S. imperial grand strategy for the post-Soviet era first outlined in essays 2, the Defense Planning Guidance had as its governing assumption the eventual resurgence of hostilities with a now capitalist Russia, as that nation inevitably recovered. In anticipation of this, the thesis for pro life U.S. hegemon and its NATO allies expanded further into Eurasia and surrounding regions, engaging in wars in the Balkans, Central Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, tightening the essays form noose around Russia over the quarter-century from 1992 to the present.23 This same grand imperial strategy included the suppression of all anti-systemic movements and forces in key strategic areas in the periphery, as well as attempts to constrain China militarily and politically. Following the thesis life essay September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States, the New World Order originally declared by George H. W. Form 2. Bush took on the additional ideological mantle of the War on Terrorism introduced by George W. Bush.

This justified a strategy of permanent war and �humanitarian interventions� throughout the global periphery. In its efforts to assert total dominance over comparing jane wide sargasso sea the Middle East following the 2003 Iraq War, the United States, backed by NATO, designated Iran and�particularly after the 2011 invasion of Libya�Syria as the leading Middle Eastern states sponsoring terrorism, making their demise its principal objective. Essays. Yet the thesis statement life real reasons for regime change in form 2, the Middle East and elsewhere, as Wolfowitz had intimated in the early 1990s to General Wesley Clark, were strictly geopolitical.24. The Obama administration, together with its NATO allies, brokered the 2014 coup in Ukraine, putting in place a pliant far-right government headed by a Western-friendly oligarch, thereby proclaiming in no uncertain terms the New Cold War against Russia. This reflected a strategic campaign in essays holocaust history, the works since at least 2007, when Vladimir Putin defiantly declared that �the unipolar policy model [of absolute U.S. global supremacy] is not only unacceptable but also impossible in today�s world.�25 The long counterrevolution against the Soviet Union was thus extended into a geopolitical struggle aimed at a reemerging, now capitalist, Russia. The latter struck back by absorbing Crimea (formerly part of Ukraine) following a referendum; seeking to stabilize conditions in eastern Ukraine on its border, particularly with respect to Russian nationals; and intervening to counter the U.S.-Saudi-sponsored proxy war against form 2 the Assad regime in thesis for pro essay, Syria�thereby succeeding in preventing the toppling of its main Middle Eastern ally. Remarkably, the new Trump administration, representing a somewhat different faction of the U.S. capitalist class�beholden particularly to the fossil-fuel industry and form, financial sector and essay, drawing heavily on essays a lower middle-class, ultra-nationalist ideology�initially signaled a geopolitical shift, aimed at detente with Russia. This was to be accompanied by a policy of concentrating on countering the essay addiction Islamic State, Iran, North Korea, and China as the principal global antagonists�a view associated with the 2 �clash of phd thesis civilizations� strategy of Samuel P. Huntington, as opposed to the Eurasian Heartland approach of form Wolfowitz and statement life, Brzezinski.26 The incoming administration made it clear that China, with its rapid economic growth and increasing regional power, represented the main threat to U.S. hegemony (and U.S. jobs), and hence the main target of its imperial strategy. Nevertheless, the greater part of the U.S. military-industrial complex, from the Pentagon to the intelligence agencies to the major security contractors, has strongly resisted this shift away from Russia as the principal antagonist�to the point of insinuating treason on the part of the essays 2 Trump administration for its preliminary discussions with Russian officials, portrayed as collusion with the putin phd thesis enemy. Hence, the administration has been subject to an unprecedented number of leaks from within the national security state, and has come under investigation for 2, its communications with Russia during the campaign and the post-election transition.

For dominant sections of the U.S. ruling class, it remains essential that Russia, occupying the Eurasian Heartland, and still constituting the chief nuclear rival, should remain the principal target of on the holocaust U.S. grand strategy. The stability of the NATO alliance, and essays 2, the entire U.S. strategy of permanently subordinating Europe to its rule, is founded on the New Cold War with Russia. For the U.S. ruling class, the strength of the U.S. Thesis Statement For Pro. economy, the supremacy of the dollar, and hence the financial power of Washington, are all seen as dependent on essays U.S. global primacy. Although U.S. GDP growth and that of the other core capitalist countries has stagnated, with the West losing ground economically to a rapidly developing China, the increasingly irrational geopolitical strategy coming out of Washington still has as its objective a unipolar world order.

This is to be leveraged by history, an array of strategic assets, including the combined weight of the triad alliance of the United States and Canada, Europe, and Japan under U.S. leadership; geopolitical dominance; military and technological power; and essays form 2, financial supremacy via the dollar. The aggressiveness of this imperial strategy can be seen in the U.S. pursuit of absolute dominance in nuclear weapons capabilities under the rubric of the �modernization� of all three legs of its nuclear arsenal. The object is to eyre sargasso sea, take full advantage of the fact that a weakened Russia fell behind for years in maintaining and modernizing its own nuclear weaponry, allowing the United States to pull decisively ahead. U.S. nuclear strategy is now predicated on essays the �death of MAD� (Mutual Assured Destruction), that is, the demise of the statement entire system of deterrence.27 Those formulating U.S. strategic doctrine increasingly believe that the form 2 United States is currently capable, while using only essays on renewable energy, a small part of its nuclear arsenal, of destroying enough nuclear weapons of an opponent in a first strike (or counterforce attack)�even in the case of Russia�to prevail in a nuclear confrontation. In short, Pentagon planners now believe the United States has attained �strategic primacy� in nuclear weapons capability.28 This would make a first strike against any enemy on Earth �thinkable� for the first time since 1945, when Truman ordered the dropping of the 2 atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, resulting in hundreds of thousands of civilian casualties�in what was a political rather than a military decision, and the first real act of the Cold War.29 Ominously, with the executive compensation imminent death of MAD, the other side too, in essays form 2, any period of nuclear tensions, has greater incentive to essay on facebook, strike first, lest it be destroyed completely by a U.S. hegemon no longer restrained by essays form 2, fears of its own destruction in the event of a first strike on its part.30. �An essential feature of imperialism,� Lenin wrote, �is the rivalry between a number of phd thesis great powers in 2, the striving for hegemony.�31 Such dangers are redoubled over the long run when one capitalist nation, as in the case of the United States in the twenty-first century, seeks to create a unipolar world or superimperialist order. In the second half of the twentieth century, the United States showed itself to be the world�s most destructive nation, killing millions in wars, invasions, and counterinsurgencies across the globe.32 This bloody legacy continues into the present: over a single Labor Day weekend, on September 3�5, 2016, the United States dropped bombs on executive paper or fired missiles at six largely Islamic countries: Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen. In 2015, it dropped a total of over 22,000 bombs on Iraq and form 2, Syria alone.33 No country opposed to on the holocaust, the United States can afford to underestimate the level of violence that could be directed at 2, it by the U.S. hegemon.

In the twentieth century, revolutions were as much a product of resistance to imperialism as of class struggle. They most often broke out, as Lenin observed, in the �weak links� of the imperialist world system.34 Inevitably, they were met with counterrevolution organized by essay addiction, the great powers of the capitalist core. Even a small uprising was likely to be seen as a threat to world capitalist rule, and was usually crushed with brutal force, as in Ronald Reagan�s massive 1983 invasion of the tiny island of essays form Grenada, or the covert war against the Sandinistas in Nicaragua. The dominant ideology invariably blames the enormous human cost of this warfare on essays on the the revolutions themselves, rather than on imperialist counterrevolutions, which are rapidly erased from historical memory. In 1970, MR editors Harry Magdoff and Paul Sweezy were invited to the inauguration of essays form Chilean President Salvador Allende, who had been democratically elected as the head of a Popular Unity government, which promised to introduce socialism in putin phd thesis, Chile, starting with the nationalization of U.S. corporate assets in the country�s major industries. Magdoff and Sweezy were longtime friends of Allende�s, and their analysis at the time of his inauguration focused on the dangers arising from the close connections between the United States and the Chilean military, suggesting the strong likelihood of a military coup to be sponsored by Washington and carried out by Chile�s praetorian guard. Imperialism, they warned, respects no rule of law where challenges to the existing order are concerned.

And indeed, a bloody seizure of power, led by General Augusto Pinochet and engineered by the United States, occurred three years later, taking the life of 2 Allende and thousands of others.35. All of this reaffirms the history historical truth that there can be no socialist revolution�however it should arise�that is essays, not also forced to confront the essays comparing jane reality of essays form counterrevolution. Indeed, in judging revolution and counterrevolution over the last century, particular stress must be put on the strength and essay, virulence of the counterrevolution. Essays Form 2. The struggles and errors of the revolutionists are only to be seen in the context of this wider historical dialectic. From history textbooks to the mainstream news media, the dominant ideology in the West today presents the Russian Revolution of 1917 as an utter failure from beginning to end. The USSR, we are told, collapsed under the weight of its own internal inefficiencies and irremediable defects�though these accounts often claim almost in the same breath that it was U.S. power and military might that �won� the Cold War. It is putin, undeniable that the 2 history of the USSR was rife with historical tragedies and research paper, social and economic contradictions. Much of the enormous human potential that the Russian Revolution unleashed was exhausted in the devastating Civil War�in which the White Russian forces were directly supported by troops and arms from the West. The Soviet Union later fell prey to Joseph Stalin�s extreme collectivization and brutal purges.36.

Nevertheless, the USSR over its history also underwent extraordinary industrial development, the conditions of the working class generally improved, and the population enjoyed certain economic securities lacking elsewhere. It was the Soviet Union that saved the West in the Second World War, beginning with the dramatic defeat of the Wehrmacht at Stalingrad�the turning point of the war�and the victorious westward march of the Red Army (though the war also took a huge toll: the USSR lost more than twenty million people). The Soviet Union�s very existence inspired movements for human liberation in the third world. With the growth of the 2 Soviet bloc and the region�s economic and technological accomplishments, the position of the USSR in the world seemed secure well into the 1970s. Its central planning system, despite certain inefficiencies and a tendency to degenerate into an overly bureaucratized command economy, offered a new and in many ways successful approach to economic and putin phd thesis, social development in noncapitalist terms. But the USSR failed to carry forward the socialist revolution. The postrevolutionary society that emerged generated its own bureaucratic ruling class, the nomenklatura, which had arisen from the inequities of the system.

The USSR�s stubborn refusal to essays 2, allow independent development in Eastern Europe (albeit viewed as a necessary buffer zone against Western invasion) was made clear in the Soviet invasions of Hungary in essays jane wide, 1956 and essays 2, Czechoslovakia in 1968.37. In the end, the USSR lost its inner dynamism, relying too much on extensive (the forced drafting of labor and resources) rather than intensive development (dynamic productivity from technological innovation and the unleashing of creative forces). It was exhausted by a decades-long military, political, and economic contest with the putin West, forced to compete in a massive arms race that it could ill afford.38 For all their superficial promise, Mikhail Gorbachev�s misconceived and indeed disastrous glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) policies massively undid the essays form 2 system, rather than reforming it. Although the loss of Eastern Europe, symbolically marked by the fall of the Berlin Wall, contributed to this unraveling, it was the Soviet nomenklatura that proved to be the system�s final undoing, as numerous representatives of the Soviet power elite and essays on the holocaust history, a corrupted privileged intelligentsia, in 2, alliance with Boris Yeltsin and on the, the West, chose to dissolve the essays form 2 post-revolutionary state from above�believing that their own individual and class interests would be better promoted under capitalism.39. Yet in spite of for pro life all of this, the experience of the USSR, as the first major socialist break with the capitalist system, continues to inspire and to inform revolution in the twenty-first century. Hugo Chavez�s Bolivarian Revolution�though it took an entirely different form and is now itself imperiled by a counterrevolution supported by the United States�could hardly have been imagined without the Soviet example.40 The USSR�s extraordinary economic, technological, and form, cultural achievements are not easily erased in the historical memory.41.

The world capitalist crisis of the late twentieth century eventually engulfed the core capitalist nations themselves as they sank from the thesis statement for pro essay 1970s on into economic stagnation�partly counteracted by the financialization of accumulation in the 1980s and form, �90s, which, however, ended with the bursting of the housing bubble in 2007�09. With the full onset of stagnation since the essays on the history Great Financial Crisis, the 2 positions of the working class and lower-middle class in the advanced capitalist states have plummeted. Inequality has reached its highest level in history, both within nations and essay, globally. So severe is this seemingly endless crisis that it has destabilized the state within the core capitalist countries. The ruling classes of the various capitalist countries have responded to the growing popular disenchantment by resurrecting the radical right as a kind of ballast for stabilizing the system. Neoliberalism has thus partially given way to neofascism, or what may prove to be a neoliberal-neofascist (or center right/radical right) alliance. Form 2. In the United States, science itself is essays holocaust, rejected as a threat to capitalism, with climate-change denial now the official stance of the Trump White House.42 The �destruction of reason� is thus complete.43. Reactionary forces have of 2 course gained the upper hand many times before in on the holocaust, the history of the class struggle, only to give rise to essays, new revolutionary waves. Commenting on the defeat of the 1848 revolutions in Europe, Engels observed in Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution: A more signal defeat undergone by holocaust history, the continental revolutionary party�or rather parties�upon all points of the line of battle, cannot be imagined. But what of that?� Everyone knows nowadays that wherever there is a revolutionary convulsion, there must be some social want in the background, which is prevented, by outward institutions, from satisfying itself�.

If, then, we have been beaten, we have nothing else to do but to begin again from the beginning.44. Although the historical conditions have been transformed many times over, these sentiments still ring true. Given today�s ever more desperate need for social change, it is form, necessary �to begin again from the beginning,� creating a new, more revolutionary socialism for the twenty-first century. Massive, democratic, egalitarian, ecological, revolutionary change in both center and periphery represents the essays comparing jane wide sargasso sea only truly human future. Form 2. The alternative is the death of all humanity. ?Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, �Preface to executive compensation, the Second Russian edition of the Manifesto of the Communist Party,� in Teodor Shanin, ed., Late Marx and essays, the Russian Road (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1983), 138�39. ?The analysis differs here from most world-systems theory, which sees the successive hegemonies of the holocaust Dutch, the essays 2 British, and the United States within the essays comparing eyre wide sea world-economy as essentially the same, denying the distinctiveness of the monopoly stage of essays 2 capitalism. ?For a history of revolutionary waves in the periphery up until the 1980s see L. S. Stavrianos,Global Rift: The third world Comes of Age (New York: Morrow, 1981). ?Frederick Engels,The Condition of the Working Class in England(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), 324; V. I. Lenin,Imperialism, the Highest State of Capitalism(Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1939),13�14, 106�08. On the on the holocaust history shift of revolution to the third world and its impact on Marxian theory, see Paul M. Sweezy,Modern Capitalism and Other Essays(New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972), 147�65.

?Eric Hobsbawm,The Age of Extremes (New York: Vintage, 1994), 585. ?R. Koebner and H. D. Schmidt,Imperialism: The Story and form 2, Significance of a Political Word, 1840�1960 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965), 175. ?E. J. Putin Phd Thesis. Hobsbawm,Industry and Empire (London: Penguin, 1969), 172�93. ?Charles A. Conant, �The Economic Basis of Imperialism,�North American Review 167, no. 2. 502 (1898): 326�40.

?Ratzel quoted in Robert Strausz-Hupe,Geopolitics: The Struggle for Space and Power (New York: Putnam, 1942), 31. ?Halford Mackinder,Democratic Ideals and on the holocaust history, Reality (New York: Holt, 1919), 1�2. ?Halford Mackinder, �The Round World and the Winning of the Peace,�Foreign Affairs 21, no. 4 (1943): 601. ?MacKinder,Democratic Ideals and Reality, 186.

?Brian W. Blouet,Halford Mackinder (College Station, TX: Texas AM University Press, 1987), 172�77. ?Thorstein Veblen,Essays in Our Changing Order (New York: Viking, 1943), 464. ?Christopher Hitchens, �Chamberlain: Collusion, Not Appeasement,�Monthly Review 46, no. 8 (January 1995): 44�55; Clement Leibovitz,The Chamberlain-Hitler Deal (Edmonton, CA: Editions Duval, 1995). ?Nicholas John Spykman,America�s Strategy in World Politics (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1942), 19, 458�60;Geography of Peace (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1944), 43, 57. ?Halford Mackinder, �The Round World and the Winning of the Peace,� 598. ?Noam Chomsky, �The Cold War and the Superpowers,�Monthly Review 33, no.

6 (November 1981): 1�10; Gabriel Kolko,The Politics of War (New York: Random House, 1968). ?See John Bellamy Foster, �The New Geopolitics of Empire,�Monthly Review 57, no. Form 2. 8 (January 2006): 9�14. ?John Bellamy Foster, Naked Imperialism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2006). ?See Foster, �The New Geopolitics of Empire,� 9�12; Diana Johnstone, �Doomsday Postponed?� in Paul H. Thesis Life. Johnstone,From MAD to Madness: Inside Pentagon Nuclear War Planning (Atlanta, GA: Clarity, 2017), 275�77. ?Zbigniew Brzezinski,The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives (New York: Basic, 1997), 3, 10, 30�39. ?Richard N. Haass, �The New Thirty Years War,� Project Syndicate, July 21, 2014, http://project-syndicate.org. ?General Wesley K. Form. Clark,Don�t Wait for essays on renewable energy, the Next War (New York: PublicAffairs, 2014), 37�40. ?Putin quoted in 2, Johnstone, �Doomsday Postponed?� 277. ?Samuel P. Huntington,The Clash of energy Civilizations (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2011).

?Johnstone, �Doomsday Postponed?� 275. ?Johnstone, �Doomsday Postponed?� 278�84; Keir A. Essays 2. Lieber and Daryl G. Press, �The New Era of Nuclear Weapons, Deterrence, and Conflict,�Strategic Studies Quarterly 7, no. 1 (2013): 3�14, �The Rise of thesis life essay U.S. 2. Nuclear Primacy,�Foreign Affairs 85, no. 2 (2016): 42�54; Hans M. Kristensen, Matthew McKenzie, and Theodore A. Potsoi, �How US Nuclear Force Modernization is Undermining Strategic Stability: The Burst-Height Compensating Super-Fuze,�Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March 1, 2017. ?The dropping of atomic bombs was a geopolitical rather than military act, since the Japanese had already offered to on renewable, enter negotiations for surrender. The United States, however, sought an immediate and unconditional surrender, to stop the Russian advance in Asia and to signal the immensity of U.S. Form. military power. Use of thesis statement for pro life atomic bombs against Japan was opposed at the time by form, the top generals and admirals within the U.S. military. As Diana Johnstone has argued: �the targets were not military, the on the effects were not military.� See Diana Johnstone, �The Dangerous Seduction of Absolute Power,� in Johnstone, ed.,From MAD to Madness, 15�30; Gar Alperovitz,The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb (New York: Vintage, 1996).

?Johnstone, �Doomsday Postponed?� 278�84; Cohn Hallinan, �These Nuclear Breakthroughs Are Endangering the World,�Foreign Policy in Focus, April 26, 2017. ?On casualties from U.S. warfare in the periphery, especially those of civilians, see John Tirman,The Deaths of Others: The Fate of form Civilians in America�s Wars (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), 316�36. On the history of U.S. military interventions from 1945 through the 1980s, see Gabriel Kolko,Confronting the Third World (New York: Pantheon, 1988). ?Parts of this paragraph were taken from essays holocaust, �Notes from the Editors,�Monthly Review 68, no. 6 (November 2016): inside covers.

See Missy Ryan, �A Reminder of the Permanent Wars,�Washington Post, September 8, 2016; Micah Zenko, �How Many Bombs Did the United States Drop in 2015?� Council on Foreign Relations blog, January 7, 2016, http://blogs.cfr.org; Tom Engelhardt, �You Must Be Kidding: The Exasperating, Never-Ending Sprawl of 2 American Empire,�In These Times, September 23, 2016. ?Harry Magdoff and Paul M. Sweezy, �Peaceful Transition to Socialism?�Monthly Review 22, no. 8 (January 1971): 1�18; �Notes from the essays on renewable Editors,�Monthly Review 22, no. 7 (December 1970): inside covers. ?Ian C. D. Moffat,The Allied Intervention in essays form 2, Russia, 1918�1920 (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015). ?See Stephen Cohen, �The Breakup of the essays Soviet Union Ended Russia�s March to Democracy,�Guardian, December 12, 2006; Moshe Lewin,The Soviet Century(London: Verso, 2005), 348, 385; Samir Amin,Russia and the Long Transition from Capitalism to Socialism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2016), 57�58; Paul M. Sweezy,Post-Revolutionary Society (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1980), 113�33. ?Harry Magdoff and Paul M. Sweezy, �Perestroika and the Future of 2 Socialism,�Monthly Review 41, no.

10 (March 1990): 1�13 and 41, no. 11 (April 1990): 1�7. The USSR operated on its production possibilities curve, relying on full capacity production, while monopoly-capitalist economies like the United States operated below their production possibilities curve, with substantial idle capacity. This meant that the former always faced a choice between �guns and butter,� while the latter was able to expand both guns and butter�and indeed more butter because more guns. This understanding was the basis of �military Keynesianism.� On the role that U.S. military Keynesianism played in forcing the USSR into a damaging arms race, see John Bellamy Foster, Hannah Holleman, and essay on facebook addiction, Robert W. McChesney, �The U.S. Essays 2. Imperial Triangle and Military Spending,�Monthly Review 60, no.

5 (October 2008): 2�9. ?Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the conditions that led to essays on the history, the downfall of the Soviet state, but it was Yeltsin who carried out the coup de grace, going so far as to initiate an armed overthrow of the elected parliament, cheered on by the capitalist West. ?This is quite literally so, since many of form 2 Chavez�s revolutionary ideas, as he often acknowledged, were drawn from Meszaros�s critique of the �capital system,� which encompassed the USSR, in Istvan Meszaros, Beyond Capital (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1995). ?See Amin, Russia and the Long Transition. ?See John Bellamy Foster, �Trump and holocaust history, Climate Catastrophe,�Monthly Review68, no. 9 (February 2017): 1�17; �Neofascism in the White House,�Monthly Review68, no. 11 (April 2017): 1�30. ?Georg Lukacs,The Destruction of Reason(London: Merlin, 1980). ?Frederick Engels,Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution (New York: International Publishers, 1969), 9�10. John Bellamy Foster is the editor of Monthly Review. Sri Lanka Guardian has been providing breaking news views for 2, the progressive community since 2007.

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