Can i use numbers in a formal essay

Barcode Scanner for Library Essay. In the 21st century there has been increasing use of the mobile applications to gather and retrieve data. The shift to digital libraries has greatly impacted the way people use physical libraries (Appelgate, 2008). Catalogue is important thing in a library whenever its collection is growing too large. Its function is to remember the items available in a library. Its collection can be accessed through author, title, ISBN, call number and category. Can I In A Essay? With current status of Negros Oriental State University library catalogue system, catalogues are collected manually which has been time consuming, prone to human errors and data duplication, and acquires more paper works which would result to a need of a wider space to keep data. This study focused on mobile catalogue application that applies the theory and definition to the practice of british in africa essay librarianship, specifically addressing how technology functionalities such as comments posting, and cataloging might intimate changes in how libraries provide access to their collections using catalogue. Thus the researchers try to design, develop, test, and can i use numbers in a essay implement an Android Barcode Scanner for Library that would make the library more transparent through its functions and physical design. In a world where digital media has quickly become leader in information systems, even old-fashioned libraries full of books and periodicals are quickly making the migration from library shelves across the world to database of collected catalogues.

Theories on in todays working world information system and cataloguing were utilized in can i essay, realizing the integration of the present manual. cataloguing of the university library in to letter for business analyst a mobile catalogue system. Barcode is a series of parallel alternation black and white patterns that represents a sequence of numbers or characters. A barcode font is specially designed font that allows you to specify and generate barcodes on normal text characters and its extremely easy to use (Bhatia, 2012). According to Bhatia (2012), through barcode based library management, manual circulation of resources completely eliminated. Each and every book is pasted with barcode labels and members are issued barcode enabled membership cards or ID. These member cards have logo of the institute, Photo of the user, institute address, name and contact details of the user on the member’s library card. The librarian can take the print out of any of the can i use numbers essay above anytime during the session and any number of times.

The present study is montaigne essay, anchored on modern descriptive cataloguing theory (Kumar, 1998) developed as a means of organizing information for retrieval in libraries. Library catalogues typically consist of a collection of bibliographic records that describe published materials, usually in the form of printed books but also including cartographic materials and manuscripts. The theory undertakes comparative study of two cataloguing codes: The Anglo American cataloguing rules (1967 and 1978) and Raganathan’s classified Catalogue code (1964). An attempt has been made to in a find out the basic differences and simulations in writing a paper help, the approaches of the codes and to discover a synthesis between them. The other special feature of this study is the simplicity and the style of can i use numbers in a formal essay writing. According to cover letter for business Helmer (1987), to pursue a general theory on cataloguing one must first define what is meant by “catalog” in the context of the library and information science. A catalog is a tool design to answer holdings questions about a library. It is a tool because it is a device constructed. to accomplish a task. That task is to answer the questions about the documents held in a diary.

Information Systems Theory In the realization of the present study, the researchers also defined the information Systems Theory (Bryce, 2009). According to Bryce (2009), Systems theory exists in different versions and is related to some other fields. We can mention General Systems Theory (GST), the Systems Approach, Cybernetics and Operational Analysis. The model is consisting of can i in a essay six interrelated dimensions of Information System success: information, system and service quality; (intension to) use; user satisfaction; and websites benefits. Can I Use Numbers In A Essay? Looking at its constructs and interrelations, the model can be interpreted as follows: a system can be evaluated in terms of information, system, and cover letter service quality; these characteristics affect subsequent use or intension to use and user satisfaction.

Certain benefits will be achieved by use numbers in a formal essay, using the system. The benefits will (positively or negatively) influence user satisfaction and the further use of the IS (Dwivedi, et. Al.2011) The book authored by Dwivedy,et al (2011), provides a comprehensive understanding and coverage of the various theories and models used in IS research. Essays Leadership World? Specifically, it aims to focus on the following key objectives: to describe the various theories and can i use numbers formal essay models applicable to essays on democratic working world studying IS/IT management issues. To outline and describe, for each of the various theories and can i use numbers formal essay models, independent and dependent constructs, reference discipline/originating area originating authors, seminal articles, level of analysis and links with other theories it also provides a critical review or meta-analysis of writing a paper help IS/IT management articles that have used a particular theory or model. It discusses how a theory can be used to better understanding how information systems can be effectively deployed in today’s digital world. The book contribute to our understanding of in a essay a number of theories and models. Problem Websites? The theoretical contribution of the book is can i formal essay, that it aanalyzes an synthesizes the relevant literature in order to enhance knowledge of IS theories an models from various perspectives.

Fortunately, there are only four easy, yet important, concepts to grasps. Problem? Regardless of the type of system, be it an can i in a irrigation system, a communications relay system, an cover for business analyst information system, or whatever, all systems have three basic properties. A system has a purpose; system is a grouping of can i use numbers formal two or more components which are held together through some common and cohesive bond; and a system operates routinely and, as such, it is cover letter for business, predictable in terms of how it works and what it will produce.sys all Systems embrace these simple properties. Without anyone of them, it is, by use numbers essay, definition, not a system. Information is not synonymous with data. Data is the paper raw material needed to produce information. Data by itself is meaningless.

It is simply a single element use to identify, describe or quantify an object use in a business, such as a product, an order, an employee, a purchase, a shipment, etc. systems are logical in nature and can i use numbers in a formal can be physically implemented in many different ways and a system is a product that can be engineered and manufactured like any other product. Technology Acceptance Model Davis et al.(1989) state that ”practitioners and essay researchers require a better understanding or why people resist using computers in can i use numbers, order to cover for business devise practical methods for evaluating systems, predicting how users will respond to them, and improving user acceptance by altering the nature of the systems and processes by which they are implemented”. Practitioners who design and implement systems and academics who study these systems will benefit from a better understanding of the mechanisms of user acceptance. Systems professionals can utilize this knowledge to design systems and implementation methodologies that users are more likely to accept. Davis et al. (1989) developed the technology acceptance model (TAM) based on expectancy-value theory of reasoned action.

Both these theories are found in psychology literature. The TAM uses two variables, perceived ease of use (PEOU), as determinants of can i use numbers in a formal essay user acceptance. A Paper? A key element of the TAM is behavioral intent (BI) which leads to the desired action, use of in a system. Executive Research? Cataloguing Theory (Kumar, 1998) and Information Systems Theory (Bryce, 2009), theorized the study of the use numbers essay Android NORSU Barcode Scanner for Library introduced through Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) defined as a theory that models how users come to solving accept and use a technology. Can I Use Numbers Essay? The model suggests that when users are presented with a new technology, a number of factors influence their decision about how and problem when will they use it. The development of can i use numbers in a NORSU Barcode Scanner for Library applies the british essay theory on cataloguing by Kumar(1998) where collection of bibliographic records that describes published materials are arranged and stored in a database. The researchers collected bibliographic records found at the NORSU library. In A? It is arranged through its classes which are determined by its categories. In Todays Working? It is made accessible with the application of Information Systems theory a theory defined to determine the usability or efficiency of the system developed.

The researchers determined the system usability or efficiency in in a essay, terms of the executive compensation paper goal of the study to lessen the time on searching for a catalogue of a book. Use Numbers? With development of NORSU library catalogue students or library patron can search for catalogues anytime, anywhere at essay analysis, their convenient time through the presence of internet. The system is the reassessment of the traditional cataloguing system where there is no need of scanning for catalogues inside the catalogue shelves of the library. The Development of can i in a formal NORSU library catalogue is solving websites, introduced through the technology Acceptance Model of Davis et al. (1989). Through the can i use numbers in a formal essay model it is explained to the user how beneficial is the acceptance of the developed cataloguing system for the NORSU library. Users usually are influence by number of factors on the decision of the working acceptance of the essay newer technology. The researchers come to define number of beneficial aspects that the developed system will offer. This includes faster and easier way of retrieving book or bibliographic information of a book through the search fields of the designed system. Review of Related Literature.

The review of the cover letter related literature and studies serves as a guide for the. researchers to pursue the can i proposed project. Found in this chapter, are the information gathered and the related system from the different sources that bears the significance of the study the related literature and studies are used in the development of the proposed Android Barcode Scanner for Library where the literatures are utilized for conceptualizing the usability of the system development. Library catalogue is register of all bibliographic items found in a library or group of libraries, such as a network of libraries at imperialism in africa, several locations. A bibliographic item can be any information entity that is considered library material, or group of library materials, or linked from the catalog as far as it is relevant to the catalog and to the users or patrons of the use numbers formal library. Library catalogs originated as manuscript lists, arranged by format or in on democratic world, a rough alphabetical arrangement by author. Printed catalogs, sometimes called dictionary catalogs, began to be published in the early modern period and enabled scholarsoutside a library to gain an idea of its contents (Radcliffe, 1955). The card catalogue was familiar sight to library users for generations, but it has been effectively replaced by online public access catalog (OPAC).

Some still refer to the online catalog as a “card catalog”. Some libraries with OPAC access still have card catalogs on site, but these are now strictly a secondary resource and are seldom updated. Many of the libraries that have their physical card catalog post a sign advising the last year that the card catalog was updated. Some libraries have eliminated their card catalog in favor of the OPAC for essay the purpose of saving space for other use, such as additional shelving. A Library assigns a DDC an imperialism in africa acronym for Dewey Decimal Classification number that unambiguously locates a particular volume within a short length of shelving which makes it easy to use numbers find any particular book and return it to its proper place on the library shelves (2011). The system is used in. 200,000 libraries in at least 135 countries (2009). Writing A Paper? The DDC, or Dewey Decimal System, is a proprietary library classification system created by Melvin Dewey in 1876. It has been revised and expanded through 23 major editions, the latest issued in 2011.

Dewey was responsible all revisions until his death in1931. A designation number, such as Dewey 16 for the 16th edition, is given for each revision. Cataloging, through such systems as the Dynix software(Dunsire Pundir, 1991) developed in 1983 and used widely through the late 1990s, has geatly enhanced the usability of catalogs, thanks to the rise of MARC standards (Machine Readable Cataloging) in the 1960s(Coyle, 2011). Rules Governing the creation of the MARC catalog records include not only formal cataloging rules such as AACR2(Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition) but also rules specific to MARC, available from both the U.S. Can I In A Formal Essay? Library of Congress and OCLC, the problem Online Computer Library Center global cooperative which builds and maintains WorldCat. MARC was originally used to automate the creation of physical catalog cards, but its use evolved into direct access to the MARC computer files during the search process. OPACs have enhanced usability over traditional card formats because: the online catalog does not need to be sorted statically; the can i essay user can choose author, title keyword. Or systematic order dynamically. Most online catalogs allow user links between several variants of an imperialism essay author’s name.

The elimination of in a essay paper cards has made the information more accessible to many people with diabilities, such as the visually impared, wheelchair users, and those who suffer from mold allergies or other paper-or building-related problems. Montaigne Analysis? During the use numbers in a formal last few years. University/College: University of Arkansas System. Type of paper: Thesis/Dissertation Chapter. Date: 8 April 2016.

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liberal essay The Power of Independent Thinking. Liberalism and Equality. Junior Faculty Winner. First Prize ($10,000) #147;I think that democratic communities have a natural taste for freedom; left to themselves, they will seek it, cherish it, and view any privation with regret. But for equality their passion is ardent, insatiable, incessant, invincible; they call for can i use numbers essay, equality in freedom, and if they cannot obtain that, they still call for equality in slavery.#148; #151; Alexis de Tocqueville[1] #147;Believe me, Sir, those who attempt to level never equalize.#148; While the analysis ideals of formal essay, freedom and equality are not unique to one age or creed, liberalism[3] differs from its rivals in paper, the specific meaning it attaches to these terms.[4] For a liberal in the original sense, a free society must aim first and foremost at minimizing the exercise of arbitrary power by limiting all coercion to what can be accomplished by equal, invariable, and indiscriminate law. Thus the rule of law, the can i use numbers formal essay absence of arbitrary legal privileges or distinctions of status, appears to the liberal as the legal embodiment of freedom and equality alike, and as his greatest and proudest achievement.[5] Other times and peoples have known liberties, but it is research paper, liberalism that can take credit for can i use numbers formal essay, enshrining liberty.[6] The liberal champion of problem solving, formal equality before the can i formal law will have an eye, to be sure, on writing a paper, inequalities of opportunity, though he will resist the tendency to focus too narrowly on what happens to be most easily quantified;[7] what he will refuse to countenance, however, is the attempt, objectionable in principle but likely also futile in practice, #147;to impress upon society a deliberately chosen pattern of distribution, whether it be an order of equality or of inequality.#148;[8] I. Freedom, Equality, and #147;Social Justice#148;

A concern with the use numbers in a adverse effect of material inequality is as old as our philosophical tradition, and it is hardly surprising that it should color so much of our political debates.[9] Nonetheless, while the liberal may look with favor upon the incidental equalization that may result from legitimate government action, and letter analyst while he may consider a high degree of can i in a formal essay, material equality desirable and even admirable, he must be wary of any attempt at a paper help forcing such an outcome by means of coercion, on grounds of principle and practicability alike.[10] Two fundamental problems will immediately confront those seeking to bring about a more equitable distribution of wealth: the difficulty of giving principled backing to any particular pattern, on the one hand, and can i in a formal that of cover, making the pattern stick, on the other. Can I Formal! For as Hayek argues at length in his Road to Serfdom , the kind of complete ethical code that might warrant a sustained #147;correction#148; of the outcomes yielded by the spontaneous and uncoordinated interactions and exchanges within a society turns out, upon closer examination, to be full of gaps at best. The hazy vision of #147;social justice#148; that guides much of the debate over redistributional measures does not bear scrutiny, if it means anything at all, and reduces in the final analysis to little more than a vague sense of dissatisfaction that remains strictly negative, parasitical on customary or historical distributions yielded by the market, and that offers little direction beyond taking as much from the rich as possible. Since a free society will not produce the kind of uniform, coherent moral scheme that would be necessary to justify systematic redistribution, the ideal of justice that would govern it cannot be that of for business analyst, a society as a whole, but only that of use numbers, someone within it.[11] To give such a conception of executive compensation research, social justice meaning, moreover, it would not suffice to impose it selectively, but a whole society would need to be reorganized around it and forced to conform to it continuously.

As Robert Nozick#146;s #147;Wilt Chamberlain problem#148; illustrates, free exchange will quickly upset any favored distributional pattern, which cannot therefore be realized without persistent, continuous interference with people#146;s lives.[12] Even those who favor the pattern in question may thus come to use numbers formal balk at the methods that would be necessary to enforce it as they #147;will in practice find themselves obstructed at every move by the rule of law.#148;[13] While the montaigne analysis resulting conflict between the ideal of freedom and the desire to #147;correct#148; the distribution of incomes is not often clearly recognized, the diminished ambitions of most redistributional schemes today may perhaps be taken as an acknowledgement of can i essay, sorts. Instead of offering any clear-cut plans or really coherent conceptions of in africa essay, what a manipulation of the market for can i, social justice would require, #147;the new tasks set by the ambition of modern man#148; are thus approached #147;as un-principled, in the original meaning of this word, as never before.#148;[14] Thus the standard procedure of the attenuated welfare state, extracting taxes from some in order to make grants to others#151;all in the name of equality and the eradication of poverty#151;ends up producing, in a largely ad hoc manner, #147;an erratic and executive compensation contradictory melange of subsidies to can i use numbers formal special interest groups.#148;[15] Though advocated as an compensation research paper antidote to the vagaries of the market, such piecemeal grants must have the effect of leaving everyone else in formal, an increasingly precarious position.[16] In the end, security itself becomes a privilege.[17] II. Merit and letter for business analyst Value. Closely related to the demand for a less unequal distribution of the good things of the world, and in a formal perhaps underpinning much of the sense of injustice driving it, is a feeling that market outcomes do not adequately reflect our intuitions of problem solving, moral merit.[18] Yet, intuitive as it may seem at first, the demand for remuneration proportionate to can i use numbers in a formal ascertainable merit#151;rather than the market#146;s reward in accordance with product, that is, usefulness as assessed by executive compensation the exchanging parties#151;quickly runs into daunting difficulties. A ready source of discontent may be found, for example, in the fact that a free society of any complexity will witness a marked discrepancy between the rewards of individuals within the same profession and even between those possessing the same technical skills or special abilities. Can I Use Numbers In A Essay! Such differences are easily accounted for, however, by cover letter for business the fact that in such a society, a person#146;s ability per se and his success in formal essay, turning it into a good or service valued by writing others cannot be separated.

As a corollary to an individual#146;s freedom of making his own choices and finding his own way, safe from tutelary instructions by can i in a formal a supervising authority, monetary success will increasingly come to depend not only on abilities in the abstract, but on the concrete skill with which they are put to the right uses. Insofar as the burden of discovering how to make optimal use of our abilities is help, concerned, the free society makes an entrepreneur of every one of us, with all the attendant frustrations, disappointments, and resentments. Hard as one may find the discipline thus imposed, and bitter as it may be to fail in making oneself as useful to can i use numbers in a formal others as one might have been (hence failing as well to reap the rewards of imperialism in africa, that usefulness), the discipline we may deplore is inseparable from the formal essay freedom we cherish. Cover Letter For Business! There is a sense, of course, in can i use numbers in a formal essay, which we would be relieved of a burden if we were simply told what to do: but few who rue the hard choices they face wish for such relief.[19] What is more, the hope of ascertaining in a reliable manner the meritorious quality of a given action presupposes just those conditions#151;comprehensive knowledge of everything that is motivating someone#151;whose general absence furnishes such a powerful argument for liberty.[20] The information we would need for an adequate assessment of merit is of just the kind that exists nowhere as an integrated whole.[21] In all but the most exceptional circumstances,[22] the very most that could be hoped for#151;and even this may strain credulity#151;is the judgment that a particular service was especially meritorious in the sense of essays in todays working world, costing its producer particular pain and use numbers in a formal essay effort. If we were to be guided by the moral character of an essay action, however, rather than by the value it has for us as consumers, the allocative dimension of the problem would surely lead us to just the opposite conclusion. For inasmuch as we all have an interest in can i in a formal, seeing resources guided to a paper their most productive uses, as the price-mechanism does with such efficiency, #147;we do not wish people to earn a maximum of merit but to achieve a maximum of usefulness at use numbers in a formal a minimum of pain and sacrifice and therefore a minimum of merit #148;![23] What is more, one of the most appealing aspects of the free-market order, succinctly developed by help Friedman, is precisely that it frees us from the personal judgments others may make about us, thus tending to minimize the expression of prejudices precisely by making all discrimination on can i in a, the basis of anything other than quality and price relatively costly.[24]

That not only hard work or skill, or foresight, or even a particular knack for making one#146;s abilities serviceable to others, but also sheer chance and good luck should often make a crucial difference to a man#146;s success is sure to grate on those who fail to be so successful through no particular fault of their own. What seems a lot less certain, however, is whether those falling short would be any happier in a more strictly meritorious world, in which their lack of success could be directly and reliably attributed to their own shortcomings. Surely we should at least pause to essay of cannibals analysis consider that such a world might be far crueler than even the capriciousness we may deplore and lament.[25] Rather than wishing for use numbers essay, a closer relationship between merit and value, perhaps we should acknowledge more frankly that there need not be much of a relationship at all and should check our inclination to ascribe merit where there is in fact only essays on democratic in todays world, superior value.[26] What is more, as Friedman observes so incisively, competitors tend in fact to resign themselves rather more easily to the blindness of the goddess of chance than to deliberate judgments of relative merit.[27] We might also be disappointed to find envy intensifying, rather than abating, if great strides were ever made towards a more egalitarian world.[28] III. The Vagaries of Redistribution.

True or not, Burke#146;s dictum that #147;#146;too much#146; and #145;too little#146; are treason against property#148; does little to persuade the skeptic.[29] What might give more pause to the advocates of redistribution, however, are the unintended consequences and perverse effects that are likely to result from any serious effort at leveling material fortunes. Revenue needs to in a essay be raised for legitimate state purposes, of course, and surely Adam Smith was right to find it #147;not very unreasonable that the rich should contribute to the public expense not only in proportion to websites their revenue, but something more than in can i formal, that proportion.#148;[30] Hayek and Friedman, too, have little trouble conceding that there are good reasons, when it comes to taxation, for #147;some measure of graduation, both on executive paper, grounds of assessing costs in accordance with benefits and on grounds of social standards of use numbers in a, equity.#148;[31] Where the purpose of reducing inequality takes precedence over the need to writing help raise revenue fairly and effectively, however, more deliberately egalitarian policies quickly reveal a short-sighted and self-defeating dimension. The farce of use numbers formal essay, confiscatory marginal income tax rates approaching a hundred percent on paper, combined with myriad special provisions and loopholes that render them ineffective, has been playing itself out at great length over the past half-century and seems to essay of cannibals analysis have run its course at last.[32] Meanwhile the #147;progressive#148; penchant for high marginal rates tempered by exemptions remains alive and well#151;with all the formal essay resulting capriciousness and real inequality in imperialism, actual tax levels, all the perverse incentives and pervasive misdirection of resources that it invariably engenders.[33] Perhaps the greatest paradox facing leveling ambition, however, is the fact that taxation hampering the accumulation of wealth will have the unintended side-effect of protecting established fortunes from the competition of newcomers, in fact perpetuating the use numbers in a essay most glaring inequalities and turning wealth into the very privilege to which both the liberal and the egalitarian stand opposed![34] Second, market-incomes no less than other market-prices contain much information that could otherwise be collected only help, very inadequately. Behind many a seemingly unwarranted discrepancy in income are a host of equalizing factors that need to be considered, and that would be all but impossible to can i use numbers calculate, except in a few cases, without reliance on the information gathering power of the market.

A snap-shot of income distributions at any one point in time will fail to essays on democratic leadership world distinguish, for one, between merely temporary, short-run differences and long-run differences in income, even though the former is the very mark of a dynamic, socially mobile society as opposed to can i use numbers formal essay one dominated by status.[35] What is more, compensation for different kinds of executive research paper, employment will in can i use numbers in a formal, some measure reflect such factors as their unpleasantness or dangerousness, the problem solving difficulty and expense of acquiring a particular skill, the regard in which an activity is held (honor making, as Adam Smith observed, #147;a great part of the reward of all honorable professions#148;[36]), the probability or improbability of success or the shortness of the typical working life in a particular career,[37] and so forth. Anyone who would presume to combine, weigh, and reconcile all these considerations without recourse to market forces would somehow have to can i in a overcome the most daunting obstacles. The more freely market forces are allowed to compensation operate, on the other hand, the more reliably can they fulfill their function of signaling, to use numbers in a formal those who need to decide what to do with themselves, just what skills or services are in writing, particular demand or especially scarce at the moment. The level of can i use numbers in a formal essay, remuneration offered thus transmits some of the vitally important information necessary for an individual to decide where to invest his energies, and creates an incentive to executive research paper direct them where others value them most. Can I Use Numbers In A Formal Essay! Though market prices cannot, of in todays, course, capture inherent or permanent value, and can i use numbers essay though one may have good reasons to, and must remain free to, pursue activities upon which others place little value#151;and which may yet prove of great benefit!#151;market valuations do offer a #147;readily available yardstick#148; by which to measure the usefulness of any given endeavor at essays on democratic working any given time, and thus a basis for determining whether a particular level of effort, risk, inconvenience, or whatever else, is likely to essay prove worth the cover letter for business sacrifice or trouble. No such determination can ever be fail-proof, of course, and many actual options may be unappealing; yet such risk, uncertainty, and frustration is but the converse of that unrestricted freedom and opportunity which can only thrive in use numbers, a society where none but the individual himself bears the responsibility for problem websites, finding his way. The impediments we will all encounter in the form of unfavorable market valuations are real and can i formal serious, and at times truly bitter, but at least they do not reflect anyone#146;s disapproving our ends so much as the websites simple fact that the same means are also wanted elsewhere, by others prepared to put a higher price on them.[38]

If it is true, as Hayek contends, that the parallel growth of knowledge and civilization depends on use numbers, a process whereby successful institutions and habits are imitated and adopted ever more widely, while less successful ones are correspondingly marginalized or eliminated, then the essays leadership in todays world relative rise of individuals and groups alike is use numbers in a formal essay, precisely the montaigne essay analysis mechanism by which we are able to advance, and it would be foolish to seek to suppress, let alone eliminate it: #147;If the result of individual liberty did not demonstrate that some manners of in a, living are more successful than others, much of the help case for it would vanish.#148;[39] Clearly, then, a free society will unleash a process of #147;creative destruction#148; whose fury will be felt by all, and in a resented by many, and it would be naive to think that freedom will always console us for what progress may take away, or for the chill we may feel as we face #147;the perennial gale.#148;[40] We cannot count on freedom making us better off, or reliably happier, and we may even find ourselves as much the captives as the websites masters of can i use numbers, our advances.[41] Some may therefore despise liberalism as promising little more than the freedom to make a mess of leadership working, our lives;[42] still the liberal condition is a distinctive one, with its own great rewards and a vision of true dignity such as no more paternalistic arrangement could offer.[43] IV. Inequality and Progress. Finally, even granting for the purposes of argument that the principled objections and the practical obstacles to a policy of ruthlessly #147;soaking the rich#148; could somehow be overcome, the can i use numbers essay results of analysis, such a policy are sure to disappoint. There is, for one, the straightforward fact that even billions concentrated in the hands of a relatively few will have only a modest impact when distributed among millions. Use Numbers Essay! More fundamentally#151;and again leaving aside both the most principled and the most practical objections to such a course of action#151;such redistributionist fantasies disregard, to everyone#146;s great detriment, the a paper subtle relationship between inequality and the observable course of can i use numbers in a essay, progress. For, implausible as it may seem at first, we all stand to benefit from the existence of on democratic leadership, a class of the rich, even if their ways may strike us as often idle and vain, frivolous and wasteful. Two considerations stand out particularly. First, there is the important role of the can i in a wealthy as independent foci of support to foster experimentation and cultural diversity, especially in letter for business analyst, the arts (never yet adequately supported where the majority has displaced the wealthy patron), but generally wherever else new ideas have fought for use numbers in a formal, recognition. It is montaigne essay of cannibals analysis, too frequently overlooked, as Hayek rightly points out, that action by collective agreement must be limited, by its very nature, to instances where previous efforts have already produced consensus. To advance an unpopular or marginal cause in a free society#151;often mere idiosyncrasy and eccentricity, to be sure, but occasionally just the kind of example on which the progress of civilization depends#151;it may suffice to convince a single wealthy patron, whether engaging his sincere enthusiasm or merely his sense of profit.[44] A society that did not allow such independent centers of support to emerge spontaneously, or found a way to replicate the dynamics of formal, a free society, would soon jeopardize its political health no less than its cultural fecundity.

Then there is letter for business, a second, more strictly economic, respect in which even the most egalitarian society would have to mimic the use numbers in a essay dynamics of a free society or else face stagnation. For as Hayek shows in an especially thought-provoking chapter, #147;there is no way of making generally accessible new and still expensive ways of cover analyst, living except by their being initially practiced by some.#148;[45] In a free society, it is can i formal, initially the writing a paper wealthy few who, by spending freely on whatever catches their fancy, get to can i use numbers in a formal experiment with new goods and lifestyles that cannot yet be more widely dispersed.[46] A different kind of society might find a different basis on which to make such new possibilities available on an experimental basis, for cover letter for business analyst, example through deliberately privileging some by political fiat in the very way that liberal society seeks to avoid; whatever the alternative mechanism, however, it is hard to see how even socialist societies could avoid glaring inequalities between their own privileged classes and use numbers formal essay the masses.[47] What is distinctive about free capitalist society, then, is not that some goods will initially come within reach of only a few, but rather the echelon fashion in of cannibals analysis, which new possibilities will be made much more widely available before long. For in effect, though also inadvertently, the can i use numbers in a essay expenditures of the a paper rich will serve to can i use numbers in a formal defray the initial cost of experimentation and help development that must precede the introduction of can i in a formal essay, any consumer good on a large scale. To put it differently, the rich, while intending nothing of the sort, end up making a #147;free gift#148; of the writing a paper knowledge acquired by their spending on what often appears, at first, to be no more than frivolity and caprice.[48] Ultimately, then, #147;new things will often become available to the greater part of the people only because for some time they have been the use numbers formal essay luxuries of the writing few#148; and the assumption that they would have been created under more egalitarian conditions just as well is as mistaken as it is widespread.[49] Thus we arrive at the conclusion, counter-intuitive as it may seem at use numbers in a essay first, that if everyone had to wait until new and better things could be provided for all, that day might never come, and that even the poorest, let alone the broad masses, owe much of their relative material well-being to the results of past inequality. At any given moment, it is true, we might be able to improve the position of the writing a paper poorest by taking from the wealthiest: #147;But, while such an equalizing of the positions in use numbers in a essay, the column of progress would temporarily quicken the closing-up of the ranks, it would, before long, slow down the movement of the whole and in the long-run hold back those in the rear.#148; That there will also be real waste, bad choices and bad taste, lining the paths of progress is undeniable#151;but we may well conclude with Hayek that such is everywhere the price of in todays world, freedom and progress, and that what is squandered by the rich pales by comparison to in a what is letter for business analyst, consumed, in the aggregate, by such amusements of the masses as would strike most inhabitants of the can i use numbers in a formal essay world, and british imperialism essay most of our own ancestors, as no less extravagant and can i use numbers in a formal unnecessary. [1] Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America , volume II, edited by Phillips Bradley (New York: Vintage, 1990), p. 97. [2] Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France , edited by J. G. Cover Analyst! A. Pocock (Indianapolis and Cambridge: Hackett, 1987), p. Use Numbers Formal Essay! 43.

[3] This essay will use #147;liberal/liberalism#148; in the original sense that still prevails in Europe#151;#147;the rightful and british imperialism essay proper label#148; for formal, a philosophy of freedom. (Compare Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982], p. 5.) For a discussion of the issues raised by these terms under contemporary North American conditions, compare Friedrich A. Hayek, #147;Why I Am Not a Conservative,#148; Postscript to The Constitution of Liberty (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978), pp. 397-411 [hereafter Hayek, CL]. [4] Compare Tocqueville#146;s statement to the French Constituent Assembly of 1848: #147;Democracy and socialism have nothing in common but one word: equality. But notice the difference: while democracy seeks equality in liberty, socialism seeks equality in executive compensation research, restraint and in a formal servitude.#148; (Alexis de Tocqueville, #147;Discours prononce a l#146;assemblee constituante le 12 septembre 1848 sur la question du droit au travail,#148; #140;uvres completes d#146;Alexis de Tocqueville [1866], IX, 546. Quoted in Friedrich A. British In Africa Essay! Hayek, The Road to Serfdom (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994), p. Use Numbers In A Essay! 29 [hereafter Hayek, RS]) [5] Hayek, RS 87, 90; CL 88. Thus also Hayek, RS xxxvi: #147;The essence of the liberal position . is the denial of all privilege.#148; (Compare Ibid.

23, 45) [6] Compare Hayek, CL 19, 154, 163. Even Karl Marx#146; bitter indictment of the #147;bourgeois order#148; speaks almost admiringly of the bourgeoisie#146;s #147;most revolutionary part#148; in putting an end to #147;the motley feudal ties that bound man to for business his #145;natural superiors.#146;#148; (#147;Manifesto of the Communist Party,#148; in The Marx-Engels Reader , 2 nd edition, edited by Robert C. Tucker [New York: Norton, 1978], part I, esp. p. 475.) Thus also Joseph Schumpeter#146;s observation that capitalist civilization and its rationalization of the soul #147;rubs off all the glamour . from every species of classwise rights.#148; (Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy [New York: Harper, 1976], p. 127) [7] As both Hayek and can i formal Friedman make clear, #147;There is, indeed, a strong case for reducing . inequality of montaigne, opportunity as far as congenital differences permit and can i use numbers formal as it is possible to do so without destroying the impersonal character of the process by which everyone has to take his chance and no person#146;s views about what is right and desirable overrule that of others.#148; Problems arise, however, when the exceedingly complex interplay of leadership in todays working, nature and can i use numbers in a formal nurture, material and non-material factors, by which families transmit their differences is reduced to a question of compensatory redistribution of family wealth. Of course the possibility of passing on material goods is an important factor in perpetuating family traditions and standards, but that does not mean that such transmission is primarily material, let alone pecuniary. Cultural values and customs, moral habits, the intelligence and kindness of parents, and everything else that goes into a good and loving home are surely at least as important, and probably far more so, than the material circumstances in which they are embedded. Solving! Perhaps one should give some credit to those who shrink from the colossal presumption of assessing these complex qualitative differences by focusing instead on what can be gauged more readily; by the same token, however, the reduction of inheritance to a matter of money is a crude materialism curiously at odds with the higher motives egalitarians commonly claim for themselves. It might also be noted that rich and powerful parents will always find ways to pass on their wealth and influence, and that the bequest of money is likely to be far cheaper from formal essay, a social point of executive research paper, view than the alternatives (Hayek, RS 113, CL 89-91; Friedman 163-64). [9] A few representative examples are Plato#146;s discussion of the #147;two cities#148; in the Republic (423), Aristotle#146;s celebration of the middle class ( Politics , book IV), Machiavelli#146;s reflections on constitutional balance between the different #147;humors#148; in a city, and Hobbes#146; fifth law of nature, demanding #147;complaisance,#148; in use numbers in a formal, his Leviathan , chapter 15. [10] Compare Hayek, CL 87-89. [11] Hayek, RS 85-86, 109, 120-22; CL 99-100.

[12] Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and montaigne essay analysis Utopia (New York: Basic Books, 1974), pp. 160-64. [13] Hayek, RS 38; CL 232. [15] Introduction to Hayek, RS, p. xiii (by Milton Friedman). Hayek speaks of #147;that hodge-podge of ill-assembled and often inconsistent ideals . Can I In A Essay! under the name of the a paper help Welfare State.#148; (RS xxxiv) [16] Hayek, RS 137, 141-44. Thus Ibid. 141: #147;If you grant to some a fixed part of a variable cake, the share left to the rest is bound to fluctuate proportionally more than the size of the whole. And the essential element of security that the can i use numbers formal competitive system offers, the great variety of opportunities, is more and more reduced.#148; [17] So long as collective measures against cover, the threat of severe privation are undertaken with caution and can i formal essay outside the market , they may be quite legitimate#151;to overcome collective action problems, for example. Thus both Hayek and Friedman are open to some minimal guarantees for the weak and the infirm by compensation research paper means of cash benefits for housing, for example, or a negative income tax, though not without expressing #147;regret at having to substitute compulsory for voluntary action#148; and drawing attention to likely unintended consequences and the dangers of can i use numbers in a essay, crowding out private efforts (Hayek, RS 133, 146, 230; CL 101; Friedman 178, 190-95).

Thus Hayek, CL 257-58: #147;There are common needs that can be satisfied only by collective action and that can thus be provided for without restricting individual liberty. It can hardly be denied that as we grow richer, that minimum of sustenance which the cover analyst community has always provided for can i in a, those not able to look after themselves, and solving websites which can be provided outside the market, will gradually rise, or that government may, usefully and without doing any harm, assist or even lead in such endeavors.#148; [18] As Hayek points out at RS 121, it is certainly not a blind, complete, mechanical equality that people in general consider desirable, not equality in the absolute sense, but only #147;greater equality,#148; or a greater sense of proportion to we know not quite what, that is seriously aimed at. [19] Hayek, CL 80-81; RS 107, 124. [21] The great problem of society in use numbers in a formal essay, general, as Hayek formulates it, is precisely #147;how we can all profit from essays on democratic leadership in todays working world, this knowledge, which exists only dispersed as the separate, partial, and sometimes conflicting beliefs of all men.#148; (Hayek, CL 25) [22] As Hayek points out, we may on occasion wish to reward exceptionally meritorious actions that have not received adequate recognition or recompense; but these are precisely exceptions that stand apart from the can i in a formal essay incentives on which the ordinary functioning of society rests (Hayek, CL 99). [23] Hayek, CL 96, italics added; compare Friedman 166. [24] Friedman 108-111. Compare Hayek, CL 98: #147;[T]he mark of the free man is to writing help be dependent for his livelihood not on other people#146;s views of his merit but solely on what he has to offer them.#148; [25] Hayek, RS 112. Thus also Hayek, CL 98: #147;A society in which it was generally presumed that a high income was proof of merit and a low income of the formal essay lack of it . would probably be much more unbearable to the unsuccessful ones than one in which it was frankly recognized that there was no necessary connection between merit and success.#148; [26] Hayek, CL 99, 388; RS 117-19. [27] Compare Friedman 166: #147;Despite the leadership working lip-service that we all pay to #145;merit#146; as compared to #145;chance,#146; we are generally much readier to accept inequalities arising from chance than those clearly attributable to merit. The college professor whose colleague wins a sweepstake will envy him but is unlikely to bear him any malice or feel unjustly treated. Let the colleague receive a trivial raise that makes his salary higher than the professor#146;s own, and the professor is far more likely to feel aggrieved.

After all, the goddess of chance, as of justice, is blind. The salary raise was a deliberate judgment of in a formal essay, relative merit.#148; [28] As Nozick has observed, success in reducing the dimensions of difference would reduce the scope for weighing strategies that favor just the dimension someone happens to do well in. Essays In Todays! Envy will become more severe as competitors are pitted more directly against each other on the same dimension, creating frustrations among the formal essay losers that are much more difficult to cover for business reason away (Nozick 245). [30] Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations , edited by Edwin Cannan (New York: The Modern Library, 2000), p. 907. [31] Friedman 174 and Hayek, CL 307. [32] Today Hayek#146;s principle of limiting the maximum admissible marginal rate of direct taxation to that percentage of the total national income collected in taxation by use numbers in a the government is at problem solving websites least in sight in most countries#151;though at can i use numbers in a essay higher levels than Hayek would approve (Hayek, CL 323).

[33] Witness not only the paper energies and resources wasted directly in pursuit of use numbers in a formal, tax-avoidance strategies, but also the loss consequent to in africa essay resource-allocation with a view to the taxman, rather than to profitability per se#151;to say nothing of outright tax-evasion. (Compare Friedman 172-176.) [34] Compare Friedman 173, Hayek, CL 321. [35] Compare Friedman 171. [36] Smith 116. Smith offers an intriguing discussion of the #147;Inequalities arising from the can i formal essay Nature of the Employments themselves#148; in book I, chapter X, part I of his Wealth of Nations (pp. 115-136). [37] The latter two factors go some way towards explaining the seemingly outsized rewards earned by certain actors and athletes. Success in the former comes closest, perhaps, to imperialism essay Smith#146;s career lottery, in which twenty (or more likely twenty thousand) fail for one that succeeds, and where the one prevailing gains what is forgone by can i in a formal essay his or her myriad unsuccessful competitors (Smith 122). The length of a professional athlete#146;s working life is more narrowly conscribed than most. British In Africa! (For some related considerations, compare Friedman 162-63, 170; Hayek, CL 95-97.) [38] Hayek CL 82, 89, 96, 98; RS 42, 55-56, 103, 137, 138. Money has been the formal essay object of particular opprobrium, of course, inasmuch as it makes the british imperialism in africa essay limitations on our choices painfully obvious.

Yet such limitations would exist even where money was not used, and money does at least allow us all to let losses fall on our relatively least important, most marginal needs. In A Formal Essay! In this sense, Hayek is surely right to call it #147;one of the greatest instruments of freedom ever invented by man.#148; The only way we could be relieved of having to make sometimes painful choices would be for someone to essays on democratic leadership in todays working world make them for us (RS 98-101, 106-107, 113-114). [40] The memorable image is Schumpeter#146;s (Schumpeter 84). [41] Hayek, CL 36, 41, 50-53. [42] Or #147;all the use numbers in a formal essay individualist rope needed to hang oneself,#148; as Schumpeter puts it (Schumpeter 129, 136).

[43] Hayek, CL 26, 28, 30, 36, 59. [44] Hayek, CL 125-29; Friedman 17-18. It is ironic how much the compensation development of socialist doctrine, and especially of Marxism, owed to precisely this kind of patronage, which it everywhere suppressed once ensconced in power. [45] The below discussion draws heavily on Hayek, CL 42-49, 51-52, 130. Compare also Friedman 168, 170. [46] Compare Hayek, CL 125-26: #147;If we knew of no better way of providing such a group, there would exist a strong case for in a essay, selecting at random one in a hundred, or one in imperialism essay, a thousand, from the population at large and endowing them with fortunes sufficient for the pursuit of whatever they choose.#148; [47] In the #147;real-existing socialisms#148; of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, members of the apparatchik class were of course in can i use numbers in a formal essay, just such a privileged position, and the degree of inequality prevailing there in matters of access to scare or foreign goods, opportunities for leadership in todays working, travel and foreign contacts, or even such basic amenities as apartments, phone service, or standard-issue cars were surely at least pronounced as in the West#151;as well as being more intractable, surreptitious, and can i use numbers formal essay hypocritical. [48] Thus Schumpeter 67: #147;It is the cheap cloth, the cheap cotton and rayon fabrics, motorcars and so on that are the montaigne of cannibals typical achievements of capitalist production, and not as a rule improvements that would mean much to the rich man.

Queen Elizabeth owned silk stockings. The capitalist achievement does not typically consist in providing more silk stockings for queens but in formal essay, bringing them within the british in africa essay reach of factory girls in return for a steadily decreasing amounts of can i in a, effort.#148; That in the course of such progress, the wealthy will often be deprived of exclusive advantages for which the masses can eventually compete is also worth considering (Hayek, CL 51). [49] We should remember that the stock items of even the most modest households today, like flushable toilets or refrigerators or cars, were not so long ago coveted luxuries undreamt-of by the masses. To take more recent examples from the world of consumer electronics, one might marvel at paper the pace at which the cell phone or the laptop computer has moved from a plaything of the very rich and ostentatious to an everyday item within reach of virtually everyone. The dismal performance of the East bloc economies in this regard#151;even then almost entirely parasitic on what had been developed in the West#151;offers a cautionary tale that progress of this kind cannot be taken for can i in a formal, granted.

* Department of Political Science, UC Davis; dpellerin@ucdavis.edu. This essay was awarded first prize in the 2005 Olive W. Garvey Essay Contest and the author would like to express his thanks and appreciation to The Independent Institute. 2017 INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND CA 94621?1428 | (510) 632?1366 | (510) 568?6040 FAX | SEND EMAIL.

Brief; Music, Promo, Package, Video, Website, Digipacks. Before creating my digipack, I have to do some extent of research into existing products, similar products, and target audience. The first step I have to take is to make a list of can i formal essay existing music genres. Below is essays on democratic working, a spider diagram of different music genres. ??? What makes a good music promotional package: analysis of synergy. As a group we decided we will be creating a music video for Giggs, who is a current English rapper. Therfore before starting our coursework, we researched about our chosen artist. Choice of genre and its Convention. Nathan Thompson, known as Giggs or Hollowman, is an English rapper from in a formal essay, Peckham but of a Jamaican, Ghanaian and Indian descent. He is a British hip hop, and grime artist born on problem solving 26 November 1983.

The name ‘Giggs’ originated from use numbers in a formal essay, his original nickname ‘Giggla’. Paper. This was due to his tendency to laugh at all times. Therefore the name ‘Giggla’ was cut down to ‘Giggs’. Giggs is a leader of SN1 (Spear No 1) crew. This crew consists of Peckham Black Gang and his brothers. The artist has his own clothing brand, SN1 wear. This includes of T-shirts, jackets, and caps. All of essay which have quotations from his songs such as “Talking the analysis Hardest. His clothing can be purchased from the SN1 store in Peckham Market and online on use numbers formal www.sn1wearltd.com. In addition to selling cloths the SN1 crew also sells clothing from other designers, albums for other UK artists. Giggs has founded his own record label called SN1 Entertainment.

The major releases on this la. bel are Giggs debut album, Walk in Da Park, and Joe Grind’s – Not Your Average Joe. In addition to using his own record label, Giggs also uses the on democratic in todays working XL Recordings. XL Recording is a British independent record label. The label has grown into one of the most commercially successful and influential independent record labels in the world. Average age/ gender/race Build a typical fan profile. Here are some of the links that were available on the slideshow. Giggs#8217;s previous videos and comments about style/mood and can i use numbers conventions.

I will be analysing how Giggs uses synergy through all his products (website, CD cover, website, and any other products). The link to writing a paper help, his website can be accessed by his target audience / listeners in different ways. Firstly, they can choose to access his website by going straight to http://www.sn1giggs.com/ . Secondly, they can access his website through YouTube ( http://www.youtube.com/user/sn1giggs1 ). On YouTube Giggs created his personal profile page so that his listeners can subscribe to his page. Once they have subscribed they can be updated about Giggs. Updates that can be found on can i in a essay YouTube that may be able on on democratic leadership working world other social networking sites are: Giggs recent posts. recent activates (the videos he recently saw on YouTube, the videos he recently liked) videos that he updated (this can be his music video, interviews, and recording of gigs/festivals he went to) On his profile page he ensured that he has some brief information about his recent album.

This includes a link to his official website which contains more information. This is effective because some fans may like his song and may not know about his recent album. Therefore if someone listens to his song on YouTube and find that they really like it, they can purchase his album online by accessing his official website. While exploring through his website to buy a CD, some of his fans may find themselves going to his clothing website. In A Formal Essay. This may eventually lead to them buying more than just his current CD. Other ways of gaining access to his website include going through his profile page on on democratic leadership in todays working world Facebook, twitter, and MySpace.

The link to these pages can also be found on the home page of his official website and can i essay his clothing website. This artist has incorporated synergy into his website, and websites CD cover effectively. Can I Use Numbers Essay. The connection between his website and writing help CD cover are clear. The artists used the formal essay CD art as the letter for business background for in a, his website. This is a very common way that music artists use synergy. Doing this ensures the target audience that the artist is continuously updating their website. It is a good method of reminding the essays on democratic audience of what the album cover looks like. One of this links from his official website is a link to his fashion clothing brand – SN1 Wear ( http://www.sn1wearltd.com/store/ ). This website is for his fans to essay, purchase his CD’s and cloths for men, women, and kids.

Giggs constantly makes sure that his current CD is montaigne essay of cannibals analysis, advertised to its fullest potential. Use Numbers In A Essay. On his clothing website, the CD cover is the first thing on the list. When designing our website, CD cover, and website we will consider how effective Giggs current website is. To do this we will look how Giggs made his CD cover and website work together. We will also consider how we would improve the way synergy is problem solving, used. After looking at Giggs CD cover, and website we have realised that it is important that the font style, colour, and artwork must be used as a continuous theme. On the other hand the can i use numbers in a formal essay music video must have at least one connection to leadership in todays world, both the CD cover and website. After detailed research and planning into my artist (Giggs) myself and my group came up with mock ups for our website and CD cover.

The concluded Mock-up design for the CD cover is: The concluded mock-up design for can i in a formal essay, the webste is: The different camera angels we used were high, low and problem solving eye level. This shooting did not require any props. The main aim of can i use numbers essay recording in the studio was to get our artist to research, sing through his song in different angle, perspectives, mood, and use numbers in a essay environment alone. To continue our shooting we will be planning to go to essays on democratic in todays, Penge to in a formal, shoot Blain rap in his neighbourhood with his friends around him.

To confirm that Blain will be available, we called him. We took this opportunity to inform him about what the shooting will be about. This is a summary of how the conversation went.

Cooperative Extension Publications. Bulletin #3101, Recipe to Market: How to can i, Start a Specialty Food Business in Maine. Prepared by Extension Food Science Specialist and Associate Professor Beth Calder and Professor Emeritus Alfred Bushway. For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit extension.umaine.edu. Do you have a recipe that has been passed through your family for generations? Do family and friends rave about a food product that you make and encourage you to start your own food business? Are you an entrepreneur who sees a niche market for your food product? Are you a small-scale farmer who wants to problem websites, develop value-added food products? Are you a caterer or restaurant owner who would like to provide one of your signature products to can i use numbers, the retail market? Specialty food producers—often operating home-based microenterprises—are a growing Maine industry.

Yet starting a Maine home-based food business will require you to of cannibals analysis, face challenges including licensing, food safety, and building business skills. In addition, some recipes and food products for sale may need to be sent to UMaine for testing. We have developed this publication to use numbers in a formal, answer the questions that we are most frequently asked about starting a small food business in Maine. 1. Is starting a food business right for me? It’s okay to decide against problem solving owning a food business after reading this publication. Starting a food business is a huge commitment of time, capital, and can i in a formal essay energy. Also, not all food products can be easily converted to retail items. Marketing research may show that your food product will not have a strong enough demand. But if you choose to proceed, having the right personality and a solid business plan will help you to be successful!

“How do I start, and where do I turn as I begin the process of on democratic leadership in todays working, starting my own food business?” When cooking for family and in a essay friends, most cooks have their recipes memorized, or they use a pinch of this or that. When developing a food product for customers, you have to a paper, develop standardized recipes with exact measurements, temperatures and times noted during the process. Recipes should be formulated on can i in a formal, a weight basis to ensure batch-to-batch consistency. A scale will help you to convert cups and cover teaspoon measurements to grams, ounces or pounds and can i use numbers in a the scale should have an accuracy of 0.1 grams. 3. What sort of license do I need to sell my food product? A state food license is required for everyone who sells a food product in Maine. Leadership In Todays. The two common food licenses are: a home food processor or commercial food processor license. If you are interested in selling at the farmers markets, a mobile food vendor license will be required in addition to your other food license. Food license applications can be obtained online from the Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry, Quality Assurance and in a formal Regulations: Licenses and Permit Forms.

If your water source is from executive paper a well, the license application requires water test results for coliforms, nitrates and use numbers formal nitrites. For a list of certified laboratories in Maine that offer water testing, please visit the Maine Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory website. If you have further regulatory questions, please feel free to problem solving websites, contact Steve Giguere, Maine Department of Agriculture, Quality Assurance and Regulations at in a formal essay 207.287.3841 or steve.giguere@maine.gov; additional contact information is available at Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry: Quality Assurance and Regulations. You can contact Steve Giguere if you are interested in having the inspector in writing your area assess your home or commercial kitchen prior to essay, making investments in writing a paper help renovating your space and use numbers essay help answer your questions prior to applying for a home or commercial kitchen license. 4. Where do I get my food license? What are the food laws and rules for for business, my product? The Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry Division of Quality Assurance Regulations issues food licenses/permits, provides food inspections before and after you start your food business, and provides information about state food regulations. Inspectors are also available to conduct pre-inspections to look at in a formal essay your kitchen or space and to discuss ideas before you renovate. For more information on their inspection programs, visit Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry: Inspections.

To view the Maine statutes and rules for maple syrup, beverage redemption information, and montaigne analysis other food laws and use numbers in a essay rules, see The Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry: Statutes and Rules. If you are interested in selling foods from a mobile food cart, starting a restaurant, Bed and essays in todays world Breakfast or Inn, or becoming a caterer, the use numbers in a formal essay Maine Department of Health and Human Services, Health Inspection Program issues licenses to food producers selling or providing foods for immediate consumption to their customers. Here is a link to access more information or to obtain a license application form. We highly recommend that you obtain a copy of the State of Maine Food Code (pdf) early on from the Maine Department of problem, Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry (207.287.3841). Can I Essay. This guide ultimately helps you to follow the solving websites FDA’s Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs), including proper sanitation, employee hygiene, and use numbers in a formal certain facility requirements. You must follow CGMPs by a paper law. Can I Use Numbers In A Formal Essay. Keep in british mind that these regulations are in place to make sure that you are producing foods under sanitary conditions. Use Numbers Formal Essay. These sanitation fact sheets help outline the proper sanitation practices that you also need to follow: Basic Elements of a Sanitation Program for on democratic leadership in todays working, Food Processing and Food Handling and Basic Elements of Equipment Cleaning and Sanitizing in Food Processing and Handling Operations (PDF). If you decide to use bleach as a sanitizer, only can i use numbers, use unscented bleach labeled as germicidal bleach that includes an EPA registration number. Follow the directions for sanitizing food contact surfaces.

Never exceed a concentration of 200ppm. Use test strips to check the effectiveness of your sanitizer and a paper help never use hot water when diluting bleach, as it will reduce its effectiveness. Use Numbers. Germicidal bleach can be purchased at british imperialism in africa essay Home Depot, Lowe’s or other hardware stores and test strips can be purchased online or through restaurant supply stores. Peroxyacetic acid is another approved sanitizer for food contact surfaces and is approved for can i use numbers in a formal, organic processors. Keep in mind, that anything that comes in contact with the food product and/or your ingredients must be made of food grade materials (especially plastic). If using food grade plastic, be sure it is in essays on democratic leadership in todays working world acceptable working condition.

Scratches in can i use numbers in a essay plastic are great areas for bacterial biofilms to british imperialism in africa essay, form, which are extremely stubborn and no amount of cleaning or sanitizing will adequately clean cracks. If you see scratches forming in plastic containers, it is time to purchase new ones. You should also become familiar with the current food safety regulatory changes and requirements that will be affecting the use numbers in a formal entire food industry. The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) is the most widespread changes to executive compensation paper, food laws the industry has experienced in decades. Use Numbers In A Formal. For more FSMA information, see FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). All of these regulations and best practices are for the health and well-being of your customers! 5. Can I produce my food product at home? Depending on the type of product that you want to on democratic leadership working world, sell, you may be able to obtain a home food processor license and can i use numbers essay produce non-perishable food products (foods that do not require refrigeration or freezing) and are considered shelf-stable foods in your home kitchen. Jams, jellies, pickles, relishes, sauces, marinades, most candies/confections and baked goods (unless the executive compensation finished baked goods have butter/cream cheese frostings or custard fillings) are examples of essay, products that can be safely processed in your home kitchen. Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry defines perishable products as “potentially hazardous foods.” If your food product falls into this category, you will need to obtain a commercial food processor license and create a separate room or building as a commercial processing area or facility, hire a co-packer, or find another commercially licensed facility or shared-use kitchen to produce your food product. 6. What makes a food “potentially hazardous”?

This term may seem strange, but it’s actually the montaigne essay of cannibals label for use numbers in a essay, food products that are dependent on refrigeration or freezing to reduce microbial growth. A food is categorized as potentially hazardous based mainly on its pH and its water activity value (a w ). A perfect example is pesto. Working World. Fresh pesto has a pH above 4.6, has an a w of greater than 0.85, and requires refrigeration to minimize microbial growth. If you were interested in producing fresh pesto, you would have to produce it in a commercial facility, not in the home kitchen. If you have further questions, please contact the Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and can i Forestry. For more information on potentially hazardous foods, please visit the Food and letter for business Drug Administration: Safe Practices for Food Processes. 7. Can I. When do I need to send in executive paper my food product for testing at UMaine? If you are a Maine food processor, most baked goods (that do not contain dairy-based frostings/fillings), plain, berry-based jams/jellies (raspberry, blueberry and strawberry jams/jellies), and candies/confections, dry spices/rubs or dry mixes do not need to be sent to UMaine for food testing. However, jams and jellies that have combinations of can i, fruit, or do not contain fruit (wine, spice or pepper jellies) have to be tested. If you have questions if your food product requires testing at UMaine before it is sold, please contact us. Most all canned/bottled, shelf stable foods, such as acidified canned foods (pickles, salsas, marinades, dressings), dessert sauces (caramel/chocolate sauces), and dehydrated fruit/vegetable products with minimal processing are a few examples of food products that do require food testing.

The Process and Product Review Testing is conducted at the School of Food and Agriculture at the University of of cannibals analysis, Maine. Can I In A Formal Essay. Dr. Beth Calder, Dr. Jason Bolton, and Kathy Davis-Dentici provide a team approach to conduct food testing on british imperialism in africa essay, a part-time basis and write review letters to determine whether your food product falls under the appropriate food safety guidelines and/ or standards of identity. For example, 21 CFR, Part 150 outlines the standard identity for fruit butter, jams, jellies, and preserves. A letter is sent back with your test results and an individualized, comprehensive review that will include suggestions on how you can improve your food product and/or process if it does not meet certain guidelines. Food tests typically include: water activity (a w )—to determine the amount of “free” water in baked and other foods available to support bacterial growth; pH—to measure the acidity of pickled foods and salsa (most bacteria will not grow in acidic foods and in a formal essay reduces the risk of botulism); Brix—to determine the montaigne essay analysis concentration of dissolved sugars in jams, jellies, and syrups and dessert sauces; titratable acidity—to measure the can i use numbers actual amount of essays on democratic leadership, acids in vinegars or fermented foods; and water phase salt—to determine the can i in a essay percentage of problem solving websites, salt in smoked or dried seafood and fish products. Please view UMaine’s food testing website for more information on how to use numbers, send in a product for testing. Questions on submitting a sample? Please contact Beth Calder at help 207.581.2791 or beth.calder@maine.edu or Jason Bolton at 207.581.1366 or jason.bolton@maine.edu. Note: If you make any changes to your packaging, recipe or process later on, you must resubmit that food product and information to UMaine for another review.

Your review letter is written just for you in regards to your product, process and package. You must review the letter carefully, as changes may have been made to your formulation or processing methods to ensure the microbiological safety of your products. You must follow the critical factors (for example, maximum pH levels, and use numbers in a formal processing methods outlined in your letter). If you cannot meet these critical factors, you must immediately contact us. You must keep these review letters in your records in case you need to refer back to on democratic working world, the letter or if your inspector has future questions during inspection. 8. Are there special considerations for can i in a, producing acidified and low-acid canned foods? The answer is of cannibals analysis yes! Improperly processed canned foods can present life-threatening hazards. Acidified foods are defined by the FDA as low-acid foods (cucumbers, peppers, green beans, onions, etc.) to which acid (vinegar or lemon juice) and/or acid foods (tomatoes) are added to reduce the can i use numbers in a equilibrium pH below 4.6. Essays On Democratic In Todays Working. We recommend when producing acidified foods to aim for a pH level of 4.2 or below as an extra precaution.

Equilibrium pH is the final pH in the food product after the acidic brine (usually vinegar) acidifies and balances with the other ingredients. For more guidance on acidified and low-acid canned foods, please visit the FDA’s website. If you are producing acidified foods, you will need to use numbers in a essay, file additional paperwork with the problem solving FDA before your food product will be sold outside of Maine (Guidance for Industry: Submitting Forms). You must also register your facility with the FDA. Guidelines for can i use numbers essay, registering your facility or scheduled process can be accessed at british imperialism in africa the FDA’s Instructions for Establishment Registration and Processing Filing for Acidified and can i in a formal essay Low-Acid Canned Foods. Acidified foods need to be tested by UMaine to compensation research paper, ensure that the equilibrium pH is below 4.6, which prevents the potential growth of Clostridium botulinum , the bacterium that can produce botulism. Use Numbers In A Formal Essay. You must buy an accurate pH meter to test batches of your food product. Acidified foods need to be tested 24 hours after production and the equilibrium pH of executive compensation paper, each batch documented in can i in a formal essay your records. You will be permitted to produce acidified foods in your home kitchen if the UMaine testing results show that your product falls within safe ranges (pH of 4.2 or less for every component within 24 hours of thermal processing). For guidance on how to cover analyst, purchase a pH meter, please visit these helpful fact sheets: Cornell University’s purchasing a pH meter (PDF) and the University of Wisconsin’s Purchasing and Using a pH meter (PDF). If you are producing a food product with a pH of use numbers, 4.0 or higher, you must purchase a pH meter with an accuracy rating of 0.01 + pH units.

If producing an acidified food with a pH below 4.0, you can purchase a pH meter that has an accuracy rating of 0.1 +/- pH units. How to Determine Accurate pH Levels. When producing acidified foods for commercial retail, you are required to keep accurate pH batch records for each batch that you produce. Help. It is important to test both the liquid brine and can i use numbers formal solids separately when producing acidified foods with large solid pieces. For example, your product contains pickled cauliflower, pepper, and garlic cloves. The brine can be tested directly, but the solids will need to be separated and rinsed with 1 quart of distilled water in a colander. After rinsing, the cauliflower needs to be separated and homogenized in a food processor and the pH tested, the peppers homogenized separately and pH taken, etc. The pH levels of the liquid brine and solids should not differ more than 0.1 pH units to show that the acid is adequately acidifying the vegetables. These records should be written down for compensation, each batch. Any food (other than alcoholic beverages) with a finished equilibrium pH greater than 4.6 and a water activity greater than 0.85, excluding tomatoes and tomato products, is use numbers formal essay considered a low-acid food. Low-acid canned foods, such as green beans and carrots, have to be processed in research paper a commercial facility using a steam retort system.

Although pressure canning is a safe home food preservation method, pressure canning low-acid canned foods in a home kitchen for sale is not allowed in Maine. Be sure to register your facility with the can i use numbers formal FDA, which is required under the Bioterrorism Act for solving, both domestic and foreign facilities that process and/or pack food for human or animal consumption. (Note: farms and home-based food processors are exempt, as well as food processors who fall under the jurisdiction of USDA—that is, facilities handling only meat, poultry or egg products.) You can register your facility at FDA Industry Systems, or by calling 800.216.7331 or e-mailing furls@fda.gov. If you are considering processing low-acid canned and/or acidified foods, the FDA requires that a supervisor from can i use numbers your operation obtain Better Process Control School certification to ensure that foods are properly processed and container closures are properly sealed. This certification course is problem websites offered in Orono at the University of Maine every two years. Please contact Melissa Libby, University of use numbers in a formal essay, Maine Cooperative Extension at help 207.581.2788 if you are interested in taking this course. If you have any questions about registering your facility, the acidified food process, the Bioterrorism Act, or any general questions, please feel free to contact Lori Holmquist, Director of Investigations Branch, 781.587.7437 or lori.holmquist@fda.hhs.gov. 9. What do I need to have on can i use numbers in a formal essay, my food label? All food producers must list the writing following items on use numbers formal, their food labels: the statement of identity (name of food product), net weight of food product (usually measured in of cannibals analysis both ounces and grams or by count), ingredient listing (listed in descending order by weight of ingredients), potential allergens in can i use numbers in a formal essay food product, and name and address of the montaigne essay manufacturer, packer, or distributor. Refer to can i, the FDA’s A Food Labeling Guide online, or request a copy from the essay analysis FDA at 240.402.2373.

The eight food allergens that require an can i essay allergen statement are milk, eggs, fish, wheat, crustacean shellfish such as lobster and letter for business crab, tree nuts, peanuts, and soybeans and also includes sulfites. For further guidance on listing allergens, consult the FDA’s Questions and Answers Regarding Food Allergens, including the use numbers in a essay Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of letter for business analyst, 2004 (Edition 4). Can I Formal Essay. You can call or e-mail Carol D’lima in regards to essay of cannibals analysis, questions related to this document at 240.402.1697 or Carol.Dlima@fda.dhhs.gov. Can I Formal. If you are using commercially produced foods as ingredients in essays on democratic working your food product, you must also include the food ingredients of formal essay, that product in the label, as well. For example: Water, sugar, Worcestershire sauce [vinegar, molasses, corn syrup, anchovies…]. 10. Am I exempt from the nutrition label requirement? If you are a retailer with less than $500,000 in annual gross sales, or a food producer who sells directly to consumers and in africa essay grosses less than $50,000, then you are exempt from nutrition labeling.

You do not have to file a small business nutritional labeling exemption to in a, the FDA under these circumstances. If you sell low-volume products, employ fewer than 100 employees yearly, and sell fewer than 100,000 units in the U.S. yearly, you are exempt from nutrition labeling. You DO have to montaigne analysis, file a small business nutritional labeling exemption notice yearly with the FDA. However, if you sell (in the U.S. Formal. only) even lower volumes—if you sell fewer than 10,000 units and hire fewer than 10 full-time employees yearly—you do not have to writing a paper help, file a small business nutritional labeling exemption notice with the FDA. For more information regarding nutrition label exemptions, or to submit a small business nutritional labeling exemption form, consult the FDA’s Small Business Nutrition Labeling Exemption. If you are interested in selling your food products wholesale (such as to grocery stores), you will need to contact GS1 US to can i use numbers in a, obtain a bar code. 11. A Paper. Where do I send my products for can i use numbers in a formal essay, shelf-life testing, nutrition labeling, and ingredient analysis? For environmental microbial and shelf-life testing and nutrition labels in essay of cannibals analysis Maine, choose one of these certified labs: If you need to have your ingredients analyzed specifically because of nutrient claims (such as label claims that your product is a good source of a particular nutrient), there are several certified labs that can conduct food analyses.

You can first contact Northeast Laboratories or Katahdin Analytical Services in can i formal essay Maine or contact other laboratories, such as Medallion Labs, Eurofins, Merieux Nutrisciences, or EMSL Analytical, Inc, as other options. Food products must have an alcohol content of 0.5% or less or will be subjected to Maine Liquor Licensing Laws and regulated by TTB if sold outside of essays on democratic, Maine. You can certainly add alcohol to your food products, but you should send your products to one of the laboratories above to ensure the cooking method evaporates the alcohol to meet this requirement. Several types of records should be kept on essay, file as part of maintaining a successful food business. We recommend that you create a recall plan in the event a problem arises with your food product in compensation research paper the future and product needs to be recalled from the can i in a essay marketplace. Problem Websites. The FDA has guidelines online: Guidance for Industry: Product Recalls, Including Removals and Corrections.

Currently, the FDA is changing food safety laws under the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). New requirements on food safety recordkeeping will be developed soon and will impact the Maine food industry. We recommend that you stay updated with these new FDA rules and regulations by visiting their website: Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). If you are monitoring certain parameters of your food product such as pH batch records, water phase salt, and/or microbiological quarterly tests, these records should be maintained and kept for three years if you are producing shelf-stable (canned) food items. For refrigerated or frozen products, these records can be kept for one (1) year. If you have sent food products to us for testing, these process review letters must be kept in your records in case you or your inspectors have future questions. Depending on what foods you process (seafood, meat, poultry or juice), the FDA or USDA may require you to use numbers in a formal, have a food safety plan called a HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) plan. One requirement is letter for business you must attend a HACCP certification workshop, which we offer yearly at UMaine.

You will learn from the workshop that several records need to use numbers formal essay, be created and monitored on a set schedule that will be outlined by your HACCP plan. For more information in problem regards to HACCP, please visit these websites: FDA’s Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP), USDA FSIS HACCP, and Pathogen Reduction HACCP Guidance Documents. 13. What other services does the University of Maine offer? To view other services that UMaine offers, please visit our supporting resources website . In A Formal Essay. We encourage you to visit UMaine’s Dr.

Matthew Highlands Pilot Plant food processing facility, Consumer Testing Center, and commercial kitchen to learn more about our services and problem how we can assist you with research and development. In A Formal Essay. Fees vary depending upon the scope of your project. The Pilot Plant is for business not commercially licensed, but the Commercial Kitchen is a state licensed commercial facility and is available for processors producing shelf-stable food products. We can also help you resource equipment, ingredients, and packaging supplies. For a tour of the Pilot Plant, please contact Michael Murphy, Pilot Plant Manager, or call 207.581.3139. UMaine Cooperative Extension offers a variety of food safety and sanitation workshops and other trainings. A list of our educational programs and trainings can be found on can i use numbers formal, our websites: Food Safety and Resources for Small Food Businesses in Maine. Questions about our services? Please contact Beth Calder at essays on democratic leadership in todays working world 207.581.2791 or beth.calder@maine.edu or Jason Bolton at 207.581.1366 or jason.bolton@maine.edu. 14. Where can I get help with improving my business skills, writing a business plan, and marketing my food product?

University of use numbers in a, Maine Cooperative Extension offers small-business education in selected counties. Contact your UMaine Cooperative Extension county office or call 800.287.0274 (in Maine) to find your local office. You can also browse UMaine Extension’s Small Business Library and UMaine Extension’s Resources for Small Food Businesses in Maine including Recipe to solving, Market Workshops on how to start a food business in Maine. You may be interested in UMaine Cooperative Extension’s specialty foods website Resources for Maine Food Entrepreneurs, which is a comprehensive resource for people interested in specialty foods. Maine Small Business Development Centers (207.780.4420) provide small-business development assistance. New Ventures Maine: can help provide assistance in starting your business. CEI (Costal Enterprises Inc) can provide assistance with starting agricultural and food-based business. You can also consider marketing your food product through the Maine Department of Agriculture’s get real. get maine! campaign.

Hall, Stephen F., 2012. Sell Your Specialty Food: Market, Distribute and Profit from Your Kitchen Creation . Volume 5. Can I Use Numbers In A Essay. CreateSpace, Independent Publishing Platform. Northeast Center for Food Entrepreneurship, 2001. Small Scale Food Entrepreneurship: A Technical Guide for Food Ventures . Geneva, NY: New York State Agricultural Experiment Station. Essay. Includes information on business and marketing, general and use numbers specific food products, food safety and on democratic world sanitation, labeling, processing facilities, and equipment. Are you considering organic certification? Please contact MOFGA Certification Services. 15.

What if I need to find a co-packer, commercial kitchen, or shared-use kitchen in Maine? We have several options in can i use numbers in a Maine if you are interested in finding a commercial kitchen or co-packer to solving websites, produce your product: High Mountain Hall has a licensed community kitchenin Camden, 207.236.0003 Cobscook Bay Resource Center and Marketplace has a licensed kitchen in use numbers Eastport, Contact Elizabeth and Will Hopkins at 207.853.6607. Montaigne Of Cannibals Analysis. Fork Food Lab offers a shared use kitchen and essay tasting room in cover analyst Portland, Contact Neil Spillane or Eric Holstein: http://www.forkfoodlab.com/contact/. Halcyon Grange Community Kitchen has a licensed community kitchen in Blue Hill, Contact Yvonne for more information at yvonnegrangerental@gmail.com or 207.664.3487. Pemberton’s Foods co-packs shelf stable canned foods in Gray, 800.255.8401. Unity Barn Raisers offers a licensed community kitchen in Unity, 207.948.9005. Public Market House has a licensed community kitchen in Portland, 207.274.5279. Acorn Kitchen offers a licensed shared use kitchen in Kittery, contact Susan Tuveson at 207.332.4425. Other options would be to use numbers, contact a local restaurant, school, or inn to ask if it might be possible to rent their commercial facility during times when their kitchen isn’t being used and contact the Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry to have a pre-inspection of the space to determine if it can be used as a commercial kitchen. Good luck in your food endeavors!

We would be glad to hear from you if you have any further questions or feedback in regards to this fact sheet, please contact Beth Calder at beth.calder@maine.edu or 207.581.2791. Reviewed by writing a paper help Jason Bolton, Associate Professor of Food Safety and James McConnon, UMaine Extension Business and can i use numbers in a Economics Specialist and Professor of problem, Economics. Special thanks to Steve Giguere of the in a formal essay Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and imperialism in africa essay Forestry Division of can i use numbers in a, Quality Assurance and Regulations and executive paper Lori Holmquist (Director Investigations Branch, New England FDA District Office). Brand names, trade names, and company names are included for educational purposes. Use Numbers In A Formal. No endorsement is implied nor is discrimination intended against similar products or services. Information in a paper this publication is provided purely for educational purposes. No responsibility is can i use numbers essay assumed for any problems associated with the use of products or services mentioned.

No endorsement of products or companies is intended, nor is solving criticism of unnamed products or companies implied.