Resources esl

Biodiesel Formal Lab Report Essay example. Abstract: The transesterification of coconut oil with supercritical methanol in the presence of esl, cosolvent was carried out in a batch autoclave for production of biodiesel. A Veterinarian Essay! Burning biodiesel will produce a specific amount of energy, which can be measured using a bomb calorimeter. Esl! During the experiment, biodiesel from coconut oil in essays in swedish history, a base-catalyzed transesterification reaction. Introduction: Due to increase in crude oil price, environmental concern for resources esl pollution from exhausted gas of cars, and demanding of reduction of greenhouse gas emission, nontoxic, biodegradable, and renewable biodiesel has received widespread attention in the past years. Many existing papers have revealed its promise as an on teaching practicum alternative fuel for diesel engines. Biodiesel can be produced by transesterification of biological sources such as edible and resources esl, non-edible oils and animal fats with methanol. In the transesterification of oils with methanol, the short chain methanol can replace the glycerol from triglycerides of the oils. The transesterification can be catalyzed by alkalis, acids, or enzymes. For an alkali-catalyzed transesterification, the reactants glyceride and alcohol must be substantially anhydrous because the presence of water leads to formation of soap from saponification. Soap lowers yield of esters and causes difficulties for world hunger outline separation and resources, purification of the resulting esters.

Besides, low free fatty acids content in oils is required in alkali-catalyzed transesterification processes. In acid-catalyzed processes, though water and free fatty acid are allowed in the feed, however, long reaction time, corrosion, and catalyst needed to treat after the transesterification are the drawbacks of this process. Hunger Essay Outline! Biodiesel is resources becoming an increasingly acceptable alternative to fossil diesel because of the narrowing gap between worldwide oil production and consumption, increasing reality of the Hubbert peak and the imperatives for carbon-neutral fuels [3]. Biodiesel is biodegradable, non-toxic and has low emission profiles when compared to the battlefield and beyond american, fossil fuel and its usage will allow balance between agriculture, economic development and the environment. Biodiesel is produced through a chemical process known as transesterification. Transesterification of vegetable oils with low molecular weight simple alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and resources, amyl alcohol) has been established as the essay, best option to reduce the high viscosity, low volatility, heavy engine deposits and toxic substance formation associated with the direct use of resources, vegetable oils [5,6].

A wide variety of feedstock have been identified as suitable for biodiesel production including; soybean, canola, sunflower, safflower, Jatropha curcas, peanut, tigernut, coconut etc. Coconut is commonly found in the western part of Nigeria and geology, will find good use as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Esl! Coconut oil is a fat consisting of about 90% saturated fat. The oil contains predominantly medium chain triglycerides with 86.5% saturated fatty acids, 5.8% monounsaturated fatty acids and 1.8% polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biodiesel is geology writing any fuel that comes from or is derived from a plant source that can be used in a diesel engine and that meets the same specifications as No.

2 diesel fuel (as defined by an ASTM standard). Esl! Biodiesel made from naturally occurring oils and fats usually meets or exceeds this specification. Currently, the production and essay, use of biodiesel represents an alternative to using fossil fuels and is nearly “carbon neutral” since the burning of biodiesel produces carbon dioxide that was “recycled” from the atmosphere. Methods and Materials: A warm water bath was prepared in a 250-mL beaker. 50-mL of water was used and heated to a 55-600C on esl a hot plate. The temperature was not allowed to exceed 600 during the and beyond essays on the american war, reaction on a hot plate period. A 25-mL round bottom flask was then weighed.

10-mL of coconut oil (Essential Depot Greener Life Essentials, 1-Quart) was then added to resources esl, the round bottom flask. Related Documents: Biodiesel Formal Lab Report Essay example. Essay on Formal Laboratory Report. This lab was to essays, discover the densities of resources, pennies from before and after 1982. Before 1982, pennies were made out of one hundred percent copper. World Outline! After 1982, they were only coated in copper. Finding the densities of the pennies and comparing them to each other helps us to identify the resources, metal used in the core of the pennies that were minted after 1983. My personal hypothesis was that the the battlefield and beyond essays on the, core of the pennies is esl zinc.

To complete this experiment, the materials needed included twenty-five pre-82. Words 489 - Pages 2. December 9, 1982 David McMurrey, Chairman Coastal Real-Estate Developers 400 Baywater Blvd. Corpus Christi, Texas Dear Mr. McMurrey: As agreed in our September 21 contract, we are submitting the attached report entitled The Effects of Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. This report examines the problem of CO2 accumulation in the earth#x27;s atmosphere. The climatic changes caused by excessive CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, and the implications of these changes, will be discussed.

Also. Words 4511 - Pages 19. ?Access to Higher Education Formal Report. Title: The difference between two different article on teamwork in reflective essay, Forbes and The Chronicle Executive Summary: Newspapers and magazines have been the constant source of information for people till date. Resources! However, the five of toefl essays, trends have shifted from print media to digital media. In this report, two newspaper articles on the topic ‘importance of team work’ would be reviewed on the basis of structure and language. One is an informal business article in the. Words 1569 - Pages 7. Jojo Domann Carrico H.Bio 4/24/13 Classification Lab Problem: How do species get classified? Research: Species- A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. Genus- A grouping of organisms having common characteristics distinct from those of other such groupings.

Domain- An area of territory owned or controlled by a ruler or government: Materials: Pencil Paper Work sheet Ruler Your brain Procedure. Words 420 - Pages 2. Analysis Our errors were more than likely human error, as we easily could have calibrated the scales wrong or made false measurements. Also, it is likely that the substance fell through the filter paper. We often had to esl, try and get some particles of the substance off of the beakers they were sticking to in order to get our final mixture or measurement, so that could have contributed in essays in swedish, the error in esl, measurement as well. Reflection In this lab we were given two reactants, and we had to geology thesis writing, form.

Words 305 - Pages 2. Harshpreet Singh Harshpreet Singh Physics 50 Lab Physics 50 Lab Statistics Lab Statistics Lab Lab Instructor: Patricio Piedra Lab Instructor: Patricio Piedra Experiment I. Statistics Background and Objective: Data collection is resources esl a complicated process because there are many factors that can introduce uncertainty, errors, and biases in the data. In order to minimize these uncertainties, care must be taken to thesis, make measurements as accurate as possible. Resources Esl! Another way to. Words 746 - Pages 3. Anaerobic Threshold Formal Lab Essay. Practicum! threshold. Conclusion Statement: This experiment concluded that the muscles in the dominant hand have a higher anaerobic threshold. Esl! The fingers on the dominant hand were, on average, able to perform more pinches than the non-dominant hand in the battlefield and beyond american, 20 seconds. This lab provided a physical understanding of how cells switch from aerobic to resources, anaerobic threshold in response to physical activity. This lab was a very useful aid in the battlefield essays on the american war, providing a good understanding how and when cells switch to anaerobic respiration. Words 1078 - Pages 5. ?Introduction/Purpose In all reactions, elements or compounds undergo changes in internal energy. Resources Esl! One component that has a major effect on the changes in internal energy is the transfer of heat.

Calorimetry is the study of the changes in heat that accompany all chemical reactions. Calorimetric experiments are always done under controlled, specific conditions. In this case, the experiments will be done using an expanded polystyrene calorimeter to measure the heat of dissolution of NaOH as well as. Geology Writing! Words 1932 - Pages 8. Resources! ? PROGRESS OF ANNIE’S DANCE COMPLEX VENTURA 2015 Quarterly Report (Fall) Prepared by Sarah-Ann Blount Owner of Annie’s Dance Complex Ventura Report Distributed December 1, 2015 Prepared for Public Relations Team Bishop Inc. Table of Contents ABSTRACT iii PREFACE iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY v INTRODUCTION vi ANALYSIS OF CLASS ENROLLMENT ix CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS xv ABSTRACT This quarterly report examines the progress of Annie’s Dance Complex. Why Become! Words 2171 - Pages 9. Chemistry report on biodiesel Essay. : The aim of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between the types of biodiesel, the energy (kJ) it contained per 100mL and the energy produced from the combustion of the resources esl, biodiesel (kilojoules per gram).

The results show that there was a relationship between the energy contained (kJ/100 mL) and the energy given off (kJ/g). This relationship was a linear relationship. It was linear as the amount of energy within the vegetable oils (100mL) should be proportional to the amount of. The Battlefield Essays American Civil! Words 2333 - Pages 10. * Test names and resources esl, other trademarks are the property of the respective trademark holders. None of the trademark holders are affiliated with this website.

All content of hunger, site and tests copyright 2017 Study Mode, LLC.

Latching mechanism for a motor vehicle door. 1. Technical Field. The present invention generally pertains to resources motor vehicles and more particularly to reflective practicum a latching mechanism for resources, a vehicle door. In various types of geology writing, motor vehicles, including minivans, delivery vans, and the like, it has become common practice to provide the vehicle body with a relatively large side openings that are located immediately behind the front doors which are opened and closed with a sliding door. The sliding door is typically mounted with hinges on resources horizontal tracks on the vehicle body for guided sliding movement between a a closed position flush with the vehicle body closing the types, side opening and an open position located outward of and alongside the vehicle body rearward of the side opening. Resources. The sliding door may be operated manually, as is most generally the case or with a power operated system.

One significant drawback of reflective practicum, several of the esl, power operated systems heretofore utilized is types their inability to esl close the essays in swedish history, door in a slow and controlled manner with a device which may be readily interchanged with a completely manual latch mechanism. Typically, these systems rely on complex latching mechanisms which are costly to produce and difficult to integrate into resources esl a vehicle relative to their completely mechanical counterparts. Consequently, there remains a need in the art for types of toefl essays, an improved power latching mechanism for a vehicle power door system which permits the resources, vehicle door to be closed both manually and in an automated cycle which is less complex and essay on teaching practicum costly to resources esl produce and which may readily be integrated into a vehicle in an upgrading manner. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. It is therefore a general object of the present invention to five of toefl provide a power latching mechanism for use in a vehicle power door system which draws the vehicle door into a latched position in a controlled manner.

It is another object of the resources esl, present invention to provide a power latching mechanism for use in a vehicle power door system which may be cycled manually to latch and unlatch the vehicle door. It is yet another object of the history, present invention to provide a power latching mechanism for esl, use in a vehicle power door system which may be cycled automatically to unlatch the vehicle door. It is history a further object of the present invention to provide a power latching mechanism for use in a vehicle power door system which may be easily integrated into the vehicle in an upgrading manner. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a power latching mechanism for use in a power sliding door system for a vehicle. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a power latching mechanism for use in a power tailgate system for a vehicle. The power latching mechanism of the resources, present invention includes a latch ratchet, a pawl member, a latch sector and a drive assembly. The latch ratchet is configured to selectively engage or disengage a member to the battlefield essays civil war secure the resources, vehicle door to hunger essay outline or release the vehicle door from the vehicle body.

The latch ratchet is operable between a fully unlatched position and a fully latched position. The latch sector is pivotably coupled to the latch ratchet and esl is operable between a first extended position, a neutral position and a second extended position. The drive assembly is coupled to the latch sector and operable for selectively moving the latch sector from the neutral position to five types the first and second extended positions. Placement of the resources esl, latch sector in the neutral position does not effect the operation the latch ratchet. Five. Accordingly, the latch ratchet may be actuated manually to either latch or unlatch the vehicle door when the latch sector is in the returned position. Resources Esl. Placement of the latch sector in reflective essay practicum, the first extended position causes the latch ratchet to move to the fully latched position. Placement of the latch sector in the second extended position permits the resources, latch ratchet to move to the fully unlatched position.

The preferred embodiment includes a clutch mechanism which permits the latch sector to move to the neutral position when the drive assembly is not in reflective essay on teaching, use. The preferred embodiment also includes an unlatching mechanism which is operable for manually releasing the latch ratchet from the resources esl, fully latched position. Additional advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent description and essays history the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vehicle equipped with a power sliding door system constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention shown incorporated into esl an exemplary motor vehicle;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of the interior of the in swedish history, vehicle shown in FIG. 1; FIG. Resources. 3A is a perspective view of the world hunger essay outline, rear of the vehicle shown in resources, FIG.

1 with the rear tailgate in the open position; FIG. 3B is types of toefl essays a bottom view of the light bar shown in FIG. Esl. 1; FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view of the light bar shown in FIG. 3B taken along the line 3 C— 3 C;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the vehicle shown in FIG. The Battlefield And Beyond War. 1; FIG. 5 is a perspective view of resources, a portion of the vehicle illustrated in FIG. 1 shown the door opening with the sliding door in the fully open position; FIG.

6 is a top view of the door opening of FIG. 5; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the world hunger essay outline, door opening taken along line 7 — 7 of FIG. 6; FIG. 8 is resources a top view of the types of toefl, rack portion of the esl, first guide rail illustrated in FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of geology thesis writing, a portion of the rack portion shown in FIG. 8; FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the interior side of the power sliding door of FIG. 1 shown partially cut-away; FIG. Esl. 11 is a top perspective view of a portion of the lower mounting assembly and power door drive mechanism coupled to the first guide track; FIG. 12 is a bottom perspective view of a bottom portion of the lower mounting assembly and power door drive mechanism coupled to the first guide track;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a portion of the lower front corner of the door assembly shown in FIG. Reflective On Teaching. 10; FIG. 14 is a top view of a portion of the power door drive mechanism meshingly engaged with the rack portion; FIG. 15 is resources esl a perspective view of the rear of the power latching mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the front of the power latching mechanism illustrated in FIG. 15; FIG. The Battlefield And Beyond On The American War. 17A is a perspective view similar to that of resources esl, FIG.

15, illustrated with the power drive assembly removed for purposes of illustration; FIG. 17B is a perspective view similar to writing that of FIG. 17A, showing the actuation of the resources, unlatching mechanism when the child guard mechanism is disengaged; FIG. 17C is the battlefield war another perspective view similar to that of FIG. 17A, showing the actuation of the unlatching mechanism through the interior unlatch lever when the child guard mechanism is engaged;

FIG. 18 is a top view of the latch mechanism of the present invention with the cover removed; FIG. Esl. 19 is geology a portion of the latch mechanism illustrated in FIG. 18 showing the relationship between the sensor arm and the pawl switch when the latch sector rotates the dog member to release the pawl; FIG.

20 is a bottom view of the latch mechanism of the present invention with the base portion removed; FIG. 21 is a side view of the resources esl, latch mechanism of the present invention with the latch means in practicum, the fully open position; FIG. 22 is resources esl a side view similar to in swedish history that of FIG. 21, showing the latch means in the ajar position; FIG. 23 is resources another side view similar to five of toefl that of FIG. 21, showing the esl, latch means in the fully latched position; FIG.

24 is an exploded perspective view of essays, a portion of the power drive assembly; FIG. 25 is a top view of the first housing portion; FIG. 26 is resources esl a bottom view of the second housing portion; FIG. 27 is an exploded section view of the essay, second member taken through its center;

FIG. Esl. 28 is a top view of a portion of the essays history, exterior and interior unlatch levers showing the first and second Bowden cables exploded from resources their respective cable retention means; FIG. 29 is an types of toefl, end view of the resources esl, exterior and interior unlatch levers shown in FIG. Reflective. 28; FIG. 30 is a top view of a cable and cable retention means constructed in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present invention; FIG. Esl. 31 is a top view of the power door drive mechanism according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 32 is the battlefield war a portion of the power door drive mechanism shown in FIG.

31 with the resources, drive clutch disengaged; FIG. 33 is a portion of the power door drive mechanism shown in FIG. 31 with the drive clutch engaged; FIG. 34 is a perspective view of the door panel of the present invention; FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram in flowchart form of a first portion of the method of the present invention for controlling a power vehicle door; FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram in flowchart form of a second portion of the method of the present invention for controlling a power vehicle door; and.

FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram in flowchart form of the power door interrupt subroutine of the reflective on teaching, present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT. With initial reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a power sliding door system constructed in accordance with the teachings of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is esl generally identified by five of toefl reference numeral 10 . The power sliding door system 10 is incorporated into a vehicle 12 illustrated as a minivan. However, it will be understood by those skilled in resources, the art that the geology thesis writing, teachings of the present invention have applicability to resources other vehicle types in which a sliding door is desired. With additional reference to FIGS. World Hunger Essay Outline. 5 and 6, vehicle 12 is shown to include a vehicle body 14 having a side opening 16 positioned on the right side of vehicle 12 immediately rearward of resources, a forward door 18 . Side opening 16 is defined by an upper horizontal channel 20 , a lower horizontal channel 22 , a first body pillar 24 and a second body pillar 26 . Lower horizontal channel 22 includes a door sill 28 formed under the floor 30 of vehicle body 14 between a first sidewall 32 and a second sidewall 34 . Side opening 16 is adapted for geology, receiving a sliding door 36 , with the sliding door 36 being slidably mounted on a first guide track 38 and a second, conventionally designed guide track 40 . Resources. While not illustrated, it will be understood that vehicle 12 may be equipped with a substantially identical power sliding door on five of toefl essays the left side thereof. With brief reference to FIG.

4, vehicle 12 is schematically illustrated and is shown to include an resources, engine 42 , an automatic transmission 44 , a gear shift lever 46 , an reflective essay, engine controller 48 , an resources esl, automatic transmission controller 50 , a body control module 52 , the sliding door 36 , a data buss 53 and a control module 54 . Data buss 53 interconnects engine controller 48 , automatic transmission controller 50 , body control module 52 and control module 54 . Preferably, data buss 53 is a J1850 buss which allows the controllers and the battlefield and beyond american civil control modules to share data on various vehicle dynamics. Referring back to FIG. Resources. 1 and with additional reference to FIGS. Reflective Essay. 3A through 3C, vehicle body 14 is also shown to include a rear opening 55 positioned on the rear side of vehicle 12 . Rear opening 55 is defined by a second upper horizontal channel 56 , a second lower horizontal channel 57 , a first rear body pillar 58 and a second rear body pillar 60 . Second lower horizontal channel 57 includes a rear door sill 62 formed above the floor 30 of vehicle body 14 between a first and second rear body pillars 58 and 60 , respectively. Resources. Rear opening 55 is adapted for receiving a tailgate 64 , with the tailgate 64 being pivotably mounted to second upper horizontal channel 56 . Tailgate 64 includes a tailgate panel 65 , a key switch 66 and essays in swedish history a light bar assembly 67 . Tailgate panel 65 is resources stamped from a metal material or preferably molded from a plastic material. Essay Outline. Key switch 66 and light bar assembly 67 are fixedly coupled to tailgate panel 65 . Light bar assembly 67 includes a bar portion 67 a, a pair of esl, lights 67 b, a tailgate handle switch 67 c, a wire harness 67 d and reflective essay on teaching practicum a resilient sealing grommet 67 e. Bar portion 67 a includes a handle aperture 68 a having an resources esl, arcuate first surface 68 b in the area across from tailgate handle switch 67 c and a substantially flat second surface 68 c in the area adjacent tailgate handle switch 67 c . Geology Thesis Writing. The configuration of handle aperture 68 a creates an ergonomically shaped and positioned handle 69 with which to manually actuate tailgate 64 . Tailgate handle switch 67 c is fixed to resources bar portion 67 a and extends into handle aperture 68 a in reflective essay on teaching, a manner where it is substantially parallel second surface 68 c. Preferably, tailgate handle switch 67 c is a paddletype switch which when actuated is resources esl operable for producing a tailgate switch output signal. The paddletype switch is preferred in world essay outline, that it provides the operator of the vehicle door with the resources, feeling that they are actuating a conventional mechanical door handle. With reference to FIGS.

5 through 7, first guide track 38 is essays history shown to curve inward relative to the interior of vehicle 12 as it approaches first body pillar 24 and generally follows the curved path of first sidewall 32 . Resources Esl. First guide track 38 includes a channel shaped portion 70 and a rack portion 72 . Channel shaped portion 70 formed from world hunger a material such as steel, aluminum or plastic and preferably from a material such as nylon. Channel shaped portion 70 includes a first rear abutting surface 74 , a front abutting surface 76 , a plurality of mounting apertures (not shown), a plurality of generally rectangular tab apertures 80 , and first and second guide surfaces 82 and 84 , respectively. Resources. Channel shaped portion 70 is fixedly secured to second sidewall 32 and why become a veterinarian floor 30 with a plurality of resources esl, threaded fasteners (not shown). Rack portion 72 is preferably formed from a Nylon material, but may also be formed from any other durable plastic material or metal. Rack portion 72 includes a second rear abutting surface 86 , a plurality of mounting tabs 88 , a dust lip 90 and a plurality of reflective essay, rack teeth 92 which collectively form a rack 94 . Esl. Rack teeth 92 extend through rack portion 72 along a bottom side 96 but do not extend through dust lip 90 . With brief additional reference to FIGS. 8 and 9, mounting tabs 88 are shown to be spaced along the the battlefield essays american war, length of first rear abutting surface 74 at predetermined intervals. Esl. Each mounting tab 88 includes a generally L-shaped projection 98 having a leg member 100 fixedly coupled to second rear abutting surface 86 and a base member 102 which is spaced apart from second rear abutting surface 86 . The tip 104 of base member 102 includes first and second chamfers 106 and 108 , respectively. A chamfer 110 is also included on the side of leg member 100 . A Veterinarian. Chamfers 106 , 108 and 110 aid in the assembly of rack portion 72 to channel shaped portion 70 by guiding each mounting tab 88 into its respective tab aperture 80 , as well as guiding base member 102 over second guide surface 84 . Dust lip 90 covers rack 94 along a substantial portion of its length and protects rack 94 from contact with dirt and resources grime that typically falls from the shoes of essays in swedish, passengers as they enter and exit vehicle 12 . Dust lip 90 terminates at a rearward point along the length of rack 94 to enable sliding door 36 to be installed to or removed from vehicle 12 . With reference to FIGS. Resources Esl. 1, 2 and on the civil war 10 , sliding door 36 is shown to include a lower mounting assembly 120 , an resources, upper mounting assembly 122 , a power door drive mechanism 124 , a power latching mechanism 126 , a hold-open latch, a handle mechanism 130 the control module 54 , a wire track assembly 132 , a plurality of interior switches 134 and a door assembly 136 having a door panel assembly 138 and a trim panel assembly 140 . Handle mechanism 130 includes an why become essay, exterior handle assembly 142 , an resources esl, interior handle assembly 144 and a handle switch 146 . Exterior handle assembly 142 includes an exterior handle 148 which is fixed to the exterior side of door panel assembly 138 . Exterior handle 148 is coupled to power latching mechanism 126 through a first Bowden cable 150 and is operable for unlatching door assembly 136 from first body pillar 24 to essays in swedish allow sliding door 36 to be moved from the resources esl, closed position as shown in FIG.

1 to the open position as shown in FIG. 2 . in the particular embodiment illustrated, exterior handle 148 is operable between a retracted position in which first Bowden cable 150 does not cause power latching mechanism 126 to unlatch, and an extended position in which first Bowden cable 150 causes power latching mechanism 126 to unlatch. Interior handle assembly 144 includes an interior handle 152 which is fixed to door panel assembly 138 and geology thesis writing extends through trim panel assembly 140 . Interior handle 152 includes a release button 152 a which is coupled to power latching mechanism 126 through a second Bowden cable 154 and resources esl is operable for unlatching door panel assembly 138 to american allow sliding door 36 to be moved from the closed position to esl the open position. Five Of Toefl. In the resources esl, particular embodiment illustrated, release button 152 a is operable between an world, extended position in which second Bowden cable 154 does not cause power latching mechanism 126 to unlatch, and an depressed position in which second Bowden cable 154 causes power latching mechanism 126 to unlatch. Handle switch 146 is mechanically coupled to handle mechanism 130 and is operable for producing a handle signal that indicates that one of the resources, exterior and interior handles 148 and 152 , respectively, have been moved from their retracted positions toward their extended positions. Hold-open latch 128 is pivotably coupled to the battlefield civil war lower mounting assembly 120 and is operable for esl, mechanically engaging first guide track 38 when sliding door 36 is positioned at the fully open position to inhibit sliding door 36 from world hunger essay closing. Accordingly, hold-open latch 128 may include a latching element (not shown) for selectively engaging first guide track 38 . Holdopen latch 128 is caused to esl release first guide track 38 through the operation of handle mechanism 130 or power latching mechanism 126 . As best shown in FIG.

10, upper mounting assembly 122 is types attached to an upper forward corner of sliding door 36 relative to the front of vehicle 12 . Upper mounting assembly 122 includes an upper hinge member 160 which is fixedly coupled to door panel assembly 138 and resources esl an upper guide roller 162 which is rotatably coupled to upper hinge member 160 and adapted for cooperation with second guide track 40 . Lower mounting assembly 120 is attached to the battlefield essays american a lower forward corner of sliding door 36 relative to the front of vehicle 12 . As best shown in resources, FIGS. 11 through 14, lower mounting assembly 120 is shown to include a lower hinge member 168 , first and second lateral guide rollers 170 and 172 , respectively, a vertical guide roller 174 and a articulating head 176 . The articulating head 176 is pivotably attached to the end of the lower hinge member 168 by in swedish a pivot pin 178 . Articulating head 176 is generally U-shaped, having a pair of furcations 180 and 180 ? which extend below lower hinge member 168 . Furcations 180 and 180 ? each include a cylindrical aperture (not shown) for resources esl, receiving a vertically extending roller pin 182 , each one of which journally supports one of the first and second lateral guide rollers 170 and 172 . A tongue 184 extends in a perpendicular direction between furcations 180 and 180 ? includes a cylindrical aperture (not shown) for receiving a horizontally extending roller pin 186 which journally supports the vertical guide roller 174 . The lower mounting assembly 120 is adapted for cooperation with the first guide track 38 wherein the vertical guide roller 174 contacts first guide surface 82 and of toefl essays first and second lateral guide rollers 170 and esl 172 contact second guide surface 84 . As such, cooperation between the guide rollers and their respective guide surfaces ensures proper vertical and writing lateral alignment of lower mounting assembly 120 to resources esl rack 94 . Since the articulating head 176 is pivotably attached to the lower hinge member 168 , rollers 170 , 172 and 174 are capable of traversing the curved length of world hunger, first guide track 38 . A detailed description of wire track assembly 132 is beyond the scope of the present invention and need not be provided herein. Briefly, wire track assembly 132 is operative for resources esl, providing electrical power from vehicle body 14 to sliding door 36 and, as shown in FIG. 10, includes a wire harness 190 having a plurality of why become essay, wires which are enclosed in a limiter 192 . Wire harness 190 is operable for electronically coupling control module 54 and resources body control module 52 to permit the exchange of electronic signals therebetween, as well as for supplying electric current to power door drive mechanism 124 , power latching mechanism 126 and control module 54 . Limiter 192 is comprised of numerous main track links 192 a. Limiter 192 is described in more detail in commonly assigned U.S. Ser. No.

09/211,729, filed Dec. 15, 1998, which is hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. With additional reference to types of toefl essays FIG. Resources Esl. 5, a plurality of protrusions 194 are included along the length of door sill 28 to assist in guiding wire track assembly 132 when sliding door 36 moves between the five types of toefl, closed position and the fully open position. Insofar as the present invention is concerned, it will be understood that electric power is resources preferably hard wired from essay outline vehicle body 14 to sliding door 36 in such a manner.

However, electric power may alternatively be routed to sliding door 36 through sliding contacts or other manners well known in resources, the art. Referring now to FIGS. 10 through 13, power sliding door system 10 is shown to include a power door drive mechanism 124 mounted within sliding door 36 . In the essay, preferred embodiment, power door drive mechanism includes a power unit 200 , a flexible driveshaft 202 , a drive unit 204 , a drive clutch 206 and a drive pinion 208 . Power unit 200 includes a drive motor 210 , a gearbox 212 and esl a Hall effect sensor 214 . Flexible driveshaft 202 includes a hollow non-rotating member 216 and thesis a cylindrical drive member 218 which is disposed within non-rotating member 216 . Cylindrical drive member 218 is coupled to an output member of resources, gearbox 212 at a first end and to types of toefl an input member of drive unit 204 at a second end. Resources Esl. Drive torque from gearbox 212 is transmitted from the gearbox output member through cylindrical drive member 218 into thesis drive unit 204 where it is resources received by an input member (not shown). Drive unit 204 and non-rotating member 216 are fixedly coupled to lower hinge member 168 . Drive unit 204 includes a torque input axis which is history coaxial with its input member, a torque output axis which is coaxial with its output shaft 220 and drive pinion 208 , and a gear train (not shown) which is resources esl operable for changing the direction of the rotational energy between the input and the battlefield on the output axes. Drive pinion 208 includes a plurality of spur gear teeth 230 which meshingly engage rack teeth 92 . As such, drive pinion 208 rotates when sliding door 36 is resources esl moved relative to vehicle body 14 or vice versa.

Preferably, drive motor 210 , gearbox 212 and drive unit 204 cooperate to provide drive pinion 208 with sufficient drive torque to civil war enable sliding door 36 to operate while vehicle 12 is on 20% fore and aft grades with a velocity approximately 0.7 to resources esl 1.5 m/s. Drive clutch 206 is preferably an electromagnetic clutch 213 coupled to gearbox 212 and flexible driveshaft 202 which is geology writing operable between a disengaged position wherein the esl, transmission of drive torque between drive motor 210 and drive pinion 208 is inhibited, and reflective practicum an engaged position wherein the transmission of drive torque between drive motor 210 and drive pinion 208 is permitted. Preferably, drive clutch 206 is normally maintained in the disengaged position which prevents drive pinion 208 from back-driving drive motor 210 when sliding door 36 is manually moved between the fully-open and closed positions. Configuration in this manner permits sliding door 36 to be opened and resources closed manually without substantially increasing the force required to propel the door as compared to on the a completely manual sliding door. Hall effect sensor 214 is operable for generating a position signal indicative of the position of drive motor 210 at resources, a predetermined position. Hall effect sensor 214 is five types essays coupled to control module 54 , enabling control module 54 to receive the position signal and monitor the operation of drive motor 210 , including the speed by which it rotates. As shown most particularly in FIG. 11, lower hinge member 168 includes a raised portion 240 which extends around drive pinion 208 and flexible driveshaft 202 . Raised portion 240 functions as a guard to resources esl prevent foreign objects from essay on teaching contacting spur gear teeth 230 of drive pinion 208 as it rotates, as well as providing drive pinion 208 and resources flexible driveshaft 202 with additional protection against impacts caused by persons or equipment entering or exiting vehicle 12 through side opening 16 , as well as providing structural strength to lower hinge member 168 . With reference to FIGS. Essay. 15-23, power latching mechanism 126 is illustrated to include a latch mechanism 250 , a power drive assembly 252 , a bracket member 254 , an esl, unlatch mechanism 256 and a child guard mechanism 258 . Latch mechanism 250 is shown to include a housing 260 , a latch ratchet 262 , a latch sector 264 , a pawl 266 , a dog member 268 , first, second and third spring means 270 , 272 and 274 respectively, first and second pins 276 and 278 , respectively, a pawl switch 280 , a ratchet switch 282 and a lock switch 714 . Housing 260 includes a container-like base portion 290 , a molded body portion 292 and a cover 294 . With particular reference to on teaching FIGS.

16 through 18, base portion 290 is shown to include a front surface 296 , a side surface 298 , a pair of resources, pin apertures 300 sized to receive first and second pins 276 and 278 , a slotted aperture 302 formed into front and essay outline side surfaces 296 and 298 and resources esl a plurality of retaining tangs 304 . Body portion 292 includes a mid-wall 306 defining first and second cavities 308 and 310 , respectively, a striker receiver 312 , first and second pin apertures 314 and 316 , respectively, sized to receive first and second pins 276 and 278 , respectively, a contact tab aperture 318 and hunger essay outline a pawl actuation aperture 320 . First cavity 308 includes a first boss 322 , a second boss 324 and first and esl second spring apertures 326 and 328 , respectively. Second boss 324 extends through midwall 306 into second cavity 310 . Cover 294 includes a drive aperture 330 , a pair of pin apertures 332 sized to receive first and writing second pins 276 and 278 and a plurality of tang apertures 334 sized to receive retaining tangs 304 . As shown particularly in FIGS. 2022, latch ratchet 262 is a disc-shaped fabrication which includes a slotted striker aperture 340 , a first boss aperture 342 , a pawl contact surface 344 having first, second and third pawl contact portions 346 , 348 and 350 , respectively, a latch sector contact surface 352 , a spring tab 354 and resources first and second pawl apertures 356 and 358 , respectively. Latch ratchet or member 262 is coupled to essays on the body portion 292 in first cavity 308 such that first boss 322 extends through first boss aperture 342 . First spring means 270 is resources disposed within first spring aperture 326 and reflective essay on teaching practicum contacts spring tab 354 to thereby normally urge latch ratchet 262 clockwise (as shown in FIG. Resources Esl. 20) into a fully unlatched position. First pawl contact portion 346 is configured to hunger outline contact ratchet switch 282 when pawl 266 is engaged against either second or third pawl contact portions 348 and 350 . Pawl 266 includes a second boss aperture 360 , a coupling aperture 362 , and first and second contact surfaces 364 and 366 , respectively. Pawl 266 is coupled to body portion 292 in first cavity 308 such that second boss 324 extends though second boss aperture 360 . Second spring means 272 is disposed within second spring aperture 328 and contacts pawl 266 along a side opposite first contact surface 364 . Resources Esl. Second spring means 272 urges pawl 266 against the battlefield and beyond american pawl contact surface 344 , causing pawl 266 to resources esl rotate toward latch ratchet 262 when positioned proximate one of the first and in swedish history second pawl apertures 356 and 358 . As first spring means 270 urges latch ratchet 262 in an opposite direction, contact between latch ratchet 262 and pawl 266 is esl maintained between second pawl contact portion 366 and second pawl contact portion 348 when pawl 266 is positioned in essay outline, first pawl aperture 356 , thereby locking latch ratchet 262 in an ajar position.

Similarly, contact between latch ratchet 262 and pawl 266 is esl maintained between third pawl contact portion 350 and second contact surface 366 when pawl 266 is positioned in second pawl aperture 358 , thereby locking latch ratchet 262 in a fully latched position. Latch sector 264 includes a cylindrical body portion 370 having a pin aperture 372 , a contact tab 374 , a geared surface 376 having a plurality of gear teeth 378 , and a ratchet contact 380 . First pin 276 couples latch sector 264 to housing 260 . First pin 276 supports latch sector 264 for rotation about first pin 276 between a returned position and an extended position as shown in FIG. 16 . Third spring means 274 is why become a veterinarian essay coupled to latch sector 264 and resources body portion 292 and world essay outline is operable for normally urging latch sector 264 to esl rotate about first pin 276 to the returned position. Geared surface 376 is proximate drive aperture 330 and allows latch ratchet 262 to be rotated about first pin 276 by why become essay a power drive assembly 252 . Contact tab 374 extends through contact tab aperture 318 such that rotation of latch sector 264 about first pin 276 in a first direction permits contact tab 374 to esl contact latch sector contact surface 352 and rotate latch ratchet 262 toward the fully latched position. Dog member 268 includes an actuation arm 382 , a third boss aperture 384 , a pawl arm 386 , a sensor arm 388 , and geology writing a ratchet contact surface 390 . Actuation arm 382 includes a lever aperture 392 . Dog member 268 is coupled to body portion such that second boss 324 extends through third boss aperture 384 . Resources. Pawl arm 386 extends through pawl actuation aperture 320 and is received into coupling aperture 362 to geology thesis writing couple dog member 268 and pawl 266 for rotation about second boss 324 . Dog member 268 is resources therefore operable for rotating pawl 266 outward from latch ratchet 262 to disengage pawl 266 from first and second pawl apertures 356 and 358 to permit latch ratchet 262 to return to five types of toefl the fully unlatched position. Actuation arm 382 cooperates with unlatch mechanism 256 to cause dog member 268 to rotate about second boss 324 to unlatch latch ratchet 262 . Latch sector 264 is also operable for rotating dog member 268 about second boss 324 to unlatch latch ratchet 262 . Rotation of latch sector 264 in resources esl, a second direction opposite the first direction enables ratchet contact 280 to contact ratchet contact surface 390 to cause dog member 268 to rotate pawl 266 and unlatch latch ratchet 262 . Sensor arm 388 is configured to contact pawl switch 280 when pawl 266 is engaged in either of the first and second pawl apertures 356 and thesis writing 358 . First and second pins 276 and 278 extend through their respective pin apertures in base portion 290 , body portion 292 and cover 294 . Retaining tangs 304 extend through their respective tang apertures 334 and are preferably bent over to secure base portion 290 to esl cover portion 294 . Alternatively, retaining tangs 304 may also be welded cover portion 294 . Slotted striker aperture 340 is sized to essays receive a striker 394 and resources is operable between a fully unlatched position as shown in FIG.

21, an ajar or partially latched position as shown in FIG. 22, and a fully latched position as shown in FIG. 23 . Slotted striker aperture 340 is configured in a manner which permits latch ratchet 262 to rotate toward the fully latched position when striker 394 contacts slotted striker aperture 340 . As such, latch ratchet 262 can be actuated to history the fully latched position by resources manually placing sliding door 36 into the closed position. Pawl switch 280 is coupled to control module 54 and is operative for hunger essay outline, producing a digital signal indicative of the position of latch ratchet 262 . In the particular embodiment illustrated, pawl switch 280 is shown to esl be a limit switch 396 . However, it will be understood that other switches, such as proximity switches, may also be used to generate a signal indicative of the position of latch ratchet 262 . When the signal produced by essay on teaching pawl switch 280 is high (i.e., open to ground), pawl 266 is engaged in one of the first and second pawl apertures 356 and 358 , indicating that latch ratchet 262 is in resources, one of the ajar and fully latched positions. Five Of Toefl. When the signal produced pawl switch 280 is low (i.e., closed to ground), latch ratchet 262 is in resources, the fully unlatched position. Ratchet switch 282 is also coupled to control module 54 and produces a digital signal indicative of the position of latch ratchet 262 . In the five, particular embodiment illustrated, ratchet switch 282 is esl similarly shown to be a limit switch 398 . Again, it will be understood that other switches, such as proximity switches, may also be used to generate a signal indicative of the position of geology writing, latch ratchet 262 . When the signal produced by ratchet switch 282 is high, latch ratchet 262 is in the fully latched position. When the signal produced by ratchet switch 282 is low, latch ratchet 262 is in one of the ajar and esl fully unlatched positions. Control module 54 utilizes the signals from ratchet switch 282 and the battlefield and beyond war pawl switch 280 to esl determine the position of sliding door 36 relative to striker 394 . For example, if both the signals produced by a veterinarian pawl and ratchet switches 280 and esl 282 , respectively, are low, power latching mechanism 126 is in five essays, the fully unlatched position. Esl. If the five types essays, signal produced by pawl switch 280 is high and the signal produced by esl ratchet switch 282 is low, power latching mechanism 126 is in geology thesis writing, the ajar position. Resources. If both the writing, signals produced by pawl and ratchet switches 280 and 282 , respectively, are high, power latching mechanism 126 is in the fully latched position.

With particular reference to FIGS. 15 and 24, power drive assembly 252 is shown to include a housing 410 , a cinch motor 412 , a gear train 414 , a cinch clutch 416 and a wiring harness 418 . Esl. Cinch motor 412 is operable in a first rotational direction and a second rotational direction. Five. Cinch motor 412 includes a body portion 420 having a plurality of retaining slots 422 , first and second power terminals 424 and 426 , respectively, first and resources esl second body journals 428 and 430 , respectively, and an output shaft 432 . Why Become. First and second body journals 428 and 430 extend from body portion 420 and resources are coaxial to world hunger both body portion 420 and output shaft 432 . Resources. Output shaft 432 includes a plurality of longitudinally splined teeth 434 at the end opposite why become a veterinarian, body portion 420 . Housing 410 includes a first housing portion 440 , a second housing portion 442 and a plurality of threaded fasteners 444 to couple first and resources esl second housing portions together. World Outline. With additional reference to FIG. 25, first housing portion 440 is shown to include a wiring aperture 450 , motor support means 452 , first and resources second gear axles 454 and 456 , respectively, a cylindrical recess 458 , a bushing aperture 460 , a hollow cylindrical bushing 462 , a wire harness stop 464 and a plurality of retaining apertures 466 . Motor support means 452 includes first and second retaining tabs 468 and 470 , respectively, and first and second support tabs 472 and 474 , respectively. First and second retaining tabs 468 and 470 each extend inward from a sidewall 476 which bounds first housing portion 440 along its sides. The Battlefield Essays American. Retaining tabs 468 and 470 engage retaining slots 422 and esl are operable for preventing body portion 420 from rotating relative to first housing portion 440 . First support tab 472 extends upward from the base 478 of essays on the, first housing portion 440 and includes a slotted aperture 480 which is resources esl sized to receive first body journal 428 . Second support tab 474 extends upward from in swedish history base 478 and esl is coupled to essay sidewall 476 in two locations.

Second support tab 474 includes a slotted aperture 482 sized to receive second body journal 430 , a first vertical slot 484 sized to receive a portion of wiring harness 418 and resources esl first power terminal 424 , and a second vertical slot 486 sized to receive second power terminal 426 . First and second support tabs 472 and 474 cooperate to align the axis of output shaft 432 as well as the position of drive motor 210 in hunger, their proper orientations relative to first gear axle 454 . With reference to resources FIG. 26, second housing portion 442 is shown to include a motor entrapment means 490 , first and five types essays second axle bores 492 and 494 , respectively, a cylindrical recess 496 , a bushing aperture 498 , a hollow cylindrical bushing 500 and a plurality of esl, retention apertures 502 . First and second axle bores 492 and 494 are sized to receive first and second gear axles 454 and 456 , respectively. Motor entrapment means 490 includes first and second tabs 508 and 510 extending from the top surface 512 of second housing portion 442 . First and outline second tabs 508 and 510 are positioned along top surface 512 so as to be proximate first and second support tabs 472 and 474 , respectively when first and resources second housing portions 440 and 442 are coupled together. Why Become A Veterinarian. As such, first and resources esl second tabs 508 and 510 are operable for limiting the movement of first and second body journals 428 and 430 , respectively to thereby control the orientation of output shaft 432 relative to first gear axle 454 . Referring back to FIG. 24, gear train 414 is shown to include a worm gear 520 and a plurality of reducing gears 522 a and 522 b which cooperate to drive an output pinion 524 . Five Of Toefl Essays. Worm gear 520 is conventional in construction and includes thread like teeth 526 and a central aperture (not shown). Worm gear 520 is resources pressed onto output shaft 432 and engages splined teeth 434 to prevent relative rotation between worm gear 520 and output shaft 432 . Why Become. As such, worm gear 520 is coupled for rotation with output shaft 432 . Reducing gear 522 a includes an axle aperture 528 , a plurality of helical gear teeth 530 having a first pitch diameter and a plurality of spur gear teeth 532 having a second, smaller pitch diameter. First gear axle 454 extends through axle aperture 528 and helical gear teeth 530 meshingly engage thread-like teeth 526 . Esl. As such, rotation of worm gear 520 causes reducing gear 522 a to rotate about reflective essay on teaching practicum, first gear axle 454 . Reducing gear 522 b includes an resources, axle aperture 534 , a plurality of why become a veterinarian essay, first spur gear teeth 536 having a first pitch diameter, and a plurality of second spur gear teeth 538 having a second, smaller pitch diameter. Second gear axle 456 extends through axle aperture 534 and first spur gear teeth 536 meshingly engage spur gear teeth 532 . As such, rotation of reducing gear 522 a causes reducing gear 522 b to rotate about second gear axle 456 . Cinch clutch 416 is operable for esl, interrupting the transfer of drive torque from cinch motor 412 to output pinion 524 . Essay. Preferably, cinch clutch 416 permits output pinion 524 to freely rotate about its axis when cinch clutch 416 is disengaged. Operation in this manner permits power latching mechanism 126 to be operated manually or automatically. Cinch clutch 416 is preferably electronically controlled and includes an electromagnet 540 , a selectively engagable reducing gear 542 and a low friction element 543 disposed between electromagnet 540 and selectively engagable reducing gear 542 . Electromagnet 540 is resources esl generally cylindrical in shape and includes an inductive coil 540 a and essays in swedish a casing 540 b. Inductive coil 540 a is shown to include a central aperture 544 and positive and negative power leads 546 and 548 , respectively. Electromagnet 540 and cinch motor 412 are coupled to resources wire harness 418 in a parallel manner such that activation of cinch motor 412 also activates electromagnet 540 . Wire harness stop 464 is operable for preventing gear teeth 538 from in swedish history contacting wire harness 418 to ensure reliable operation of electromagnet 540 . Selectively engagable gear mechanism 542 includes first and second members 550 and 552 , respectively.

With additional reference to resources FIG. 27, first member 550 is shown to include a first gear member 560 , a second gear member 562 , a washer 564 , a spring means 566 and a retaining ring 568 . First gear member 560 is generally cylindrical in shape and essays includes a plurality of spur gear teeth 570 which meshingly engage second spur gear teeth 538 , a plurality of radial apertures 572 , a second member pocket 574 and a shoulder 576 having a central aperture 578 and a ring groove 580 sized to receive retaining ring 568 . Second gear member 562 includes a disc-shaped geared portion 582 and a plurality of cylindrical pins 584 . Geared portion 582 includes a plurality of radial splines 588 and resources an aperture 586 having a counter bore 592 of a first diameter and reflective on teaching a throughhole 594 of a second, smaller diameter. Radial apertures 572 are each sized to resources esl receive a cylindrical pin 584 which are installed to geared portion 582 by reflective essay press-fitting. Esl. Throughhole 594 is sized to receive shoulder 576 . Outline. Counter bore 592 is sized to provide both radial and axial clearance for washer 564 , spring means 566 and resources esl retaining ring 568 . Second gear member 562 is installed to first gear member 560 by world hunger engaging cylindrical pins 584 into their respective radial apertures 572 and resources engaging shoulder 576 into through-hole 594 . On Teaching. Spring means 566 is preferably a spring washer 596 which biases second gear member 562 upward into second member pocket 574 . Cylindrical pins 584 are operable for guiding second gear member 562 in an axial direction relative to first gear member 560 and also for ensuring the esl, transmission of essays in swedish history, drive torque between first and second gear members 560 and 562 . Second member 552 includes first and second shaft portions 600 and 602 , respectively, gear member 604 and output pinion 524 . First shaft portion 600 is sized to rotate within aperture 578 and bushing 462 . Second shaft portion 602 is sized to resources esl rotate within aperture 544 and bushing 500 . As such, second member 552 is supported for rotation within first and second housing portions 440 and 442 . Gear member 604 is fixed for why become, rotation with first shaft portion 600 and includes a plurality of radial splines 608 that are similar to those of second gear member 562 . Second shaft portion 602 is coupled for rotation with gear member 604 and resources is supported for rotation within bushing 500 . Types Of Toefl Essays. Output pinion 524 is coupled for esl, rotation with second shaft portion 602 and includes a plurality of spur gear teeth 610 having a pitch diameter smaller than that of spur gear teeth 570 . Reflective Essay On Teaching Practicum. Gear teeth 610 extend through drive aperture 330 and meshingly engages gear teeth 378 such that latch sector 264 rotates when output pinion 524 rotates about its axis. As spring means 566 normally biases second gear member 562 upward into esl first gear member 560 , radial splines 588 and 608 are not normally engaged. Consequently, rotation of first member 550 does not normally cause rotation of second member 552 and vice-versa. Therefore, the essays in swedish, size of third spring means 274 may be reduced since returning latch sector 264 to resources the returned position does not “back drive” gear train 414 . Operation of cinch motor 412 in essays, either of the first and resources esl second rotational directions also causes the energization of electromagnet 540 . When electromagnet 540 is energized, a magnetic field (not shown) is essay created which draws second gear member 562 toward gear member 604 so that radial splines 588 and 608 meshingly engage.

Once radial splines 588 and 608 have engaged, drive torque input to first gear member 560 from second reducing gear 522 b is transmitted to gear member 604 causing second shaft portion 602 to rotate. Rotation of second shaft portion 602 in a first direction causes output pinion 524 to drive latch sector 264 about first pin 276 in a first direction. Contact between contact tab 374 and latch sector contact surface 352 which occurs as latch sector 264 is driven about first pin 276 in the first direction causes latch sector 264 to drive latch ratchet 262 in a direction toward the fully latched position. It should be apparent from the above description that as latch ratchet 262 is brought into the fully latched position, contact between latch ratchet 262 and striker 394 draws sliding door 36 into resources esl the fully latched position. Rotation of second shaft portion 602 in and beyond civil, a second direction causes output pinion 524 to drive latch sector 264 about first pin 276 in a second direction.

Contact between ratchet contact 380 and resources ratchet contact surface 390 which occurs as latch sector 264 is driven about first pin 276 in the second direction causes latch sector 264 to drive dog member 268 in a direction which causes pawl member 266 to disengage latch ratchet 262 . Referring back to FIGS. 15 through 17, bracket member 254 may be fabricated as an individual component or may be combined with another component, such as the types essays, housing 260 of latch mechanism 250 . Bracket member 254 includes a unlatch mechanism stop 620 , first, second and third Bowden cable support apertures 622 , 624 and 626 , respectively, first and resources esl second spring apertures 628 and 630 , respectively, first and second pin apertures 632 and 634 , respectively, and first and second child guard lever apertures 636 and 638 , respectively. Unlatch mechanism 256 includes an interior unlatch lever 640 , an exterior unlatch lever 642 , a dog lever 644 , first and second pins 646 a and 646 b, a first spring means 648 , a latch lock mechanism 650 and reflective second spring means (not shown). Exterior unlatch lever 642 includes a pin aperture (not shown), a slotted aperture 654 , a stop means 656 , a generally L-shaped slot 658 and cable retention means 660 . Resources Esl. With additional reference to FIGS. 28 and a veterinarian 29, cable retention means 660 is formed in a container-like shape having a plurality of sidewalls 662 and an end wall 664 . A cable slot 666 extends though sidewalls 662 a and 662 b into a portion of end wall 664 and terminates in a seat aperture 668 . Interior unlatch lever 640 includes a pin aperture 670 , a generally L-shaped slotted aperture 672 , a contact surface 674 , first and second Bowden cable retention means 676 and 678 , respectively, and a spring aperture 680 . First Bowden cable retention means 676 includes a base member 682 and a generally L-shaped leg member 684 . Base member 682 is fixed to interior unlatch lever 640 , thereby coupling first Bowden cable retention means 676 to esl interior unlatch lever 640 . Leg member 684 includes a base portion 686 and hunger outline a leg portion 688 . Resources. Leg portion 688 spaces base portion 686 apart from essays base member 682 a predetermined first distance. A cable slot 690 extends through leg member 684 and into resources a portion of base member 682 where it terminates in a seat aperture 692 . Second Bowden cable retention means 678 also includes a base member 694 and a leg member 696 . Base member 694 is fixed to interior unlatch lever 640 , thereby coupling second Bowden cable retention means 678 to world hunger essay outline interior unlatch lever 640 . Leg member 696 is spaced apart from interior unlatch lever 640 at a predetermined second distance. A cable slot (not shown) extends through base member 694 where it terminates in esl, a seat aperture (not shown). Dog lever 644 includes a pin aperture (not shown), a slotted aperture 700 and history a dog actuation lever 702 . First pin 646 a is inserted through the pin apertures in dog lever 644 , interior and exterior unlatch levers 640 and 642 , and press-fit into aperture 632 , thereby coupling interior and exterior unlatch levers 640 and resources esl 642 and dog lever 644 to bracket member 254 as well as supporting these levers for rotation about first pin 646 a. Types Essays. Dog lever 644 and actuation arm 382 are coupled together such that dog actuation lever 702 extends into resources esl lever aperture 392 . As such, dog lever 644 and actuation arm 382 are operable for world outline, actuating one another. Latch lock mechanism 650 includes a link connecting arm 704 , a pin aperture 706 , a spring aperture (not shown), an unlatch lever arm 708 having an actuation slot 707 , and an unlatch lever pin 710 . Second pin 646 b is inserted through pin aperture 706 and esl press-fit into pin aperture 634 , thereby coupling latch lock mechanism 650 to bracket member 254 was well as supporting the mechanism for rotation about second pin 646 b. And Beyond Essays American Civil. Unlatch lever pin 710 is coupled to unlatch lever arm 708 and extends through L-shaped slot 658 . Rotation of latch lock mechanism 650 about second pin 646 b is esl operable for placing unlatch lever pin 710 in an engaged mode or a disengaged mode.

Unlatch lever pin 710 is positioned in practicum, the engaged mode when it lies within the narrow slotted tip portion 712 of L-shaped slot 658 . Unlatch lever pin 710 is positioned in the disengaged mode when it does not lie within the narrow slotted tip portion 712 of resources, L-shaped slot 658 . A lock switch 714 is coupled to control module 54 and produces a digital signal indicative of the status of latch lock mechanism 650 . When latch lock mechanism 650 is placed in the engaged position, lock switch 714 produces a high signal (i.e., open to ground) which causes control module 54 to inhibit the operation of sliding door 36 in an automatic mode unless the position of latch lock mechanism 650 is first changed to essay on teaching practicum the disengaged position. First Bowden cable 150 couples exterior handle 148 to exterior unlatch lever 642 . First Bowden cable 150 includes a hollow cable sheath 716 , a resilient retaining grommet 718 coupled to cable sheath 716 , a braided wire cable 720 disposed within cable sheath 716 and a first Bowden cable retainer 722 . Resources Esl. As shown in FIG. 28, first Bowden cable retainer 722 is an aluminum sphere 724 which is staked or otherwise secured to reflective practicum the end of braided wire cable 720 . The diameter of sphere 724 is sized to fit between sidewalls 662 with a predetermined amount of clearance. Esl. The predetermined amount of clearance prevents first Bowden cable retainer 722 from binding one or more sidewalls 662 as exterior unlatch lever 642 is operated. However, the essays in swedish history, amount of predetermined clearance is sufficiently small to ensure that if an assembly or service technician attempted to place a Bowden cable retainer from esl another cable into first Bowden cable retainer 722 , the essays, Bowden cable retainer would either be too large to fit within sidewalls 662 or would fit too loosely within sidewalls 662 so as to make such assembly errors readily apparent to the technician. Esl. Similarly, the hunger essay, predetermined first distance between base member 682 and resources leg member 684 is hunger essay outline selected so as to render the resources, misassembly of first Bowden cable retainer 722 into first Bowden cable retainer 676 apparent to the technician. First Bowden cable 150 is threaded into cable slot 666 and sphere 724 is positioned between sidewalls 662 . On Teaching. Retaining grommet 718 is inserted into first support aperture 622 to secure first Bowden cable 150 to bracket member 254 . Retaining grommet 718 is sized to esl fit first support aperture 622 and is either too large or small to fit second and third support apertures 624 and 626 properly. As such, the misassembly of first Bowden cable 150 to second or third support apertures 624 or 626 will be immediately apparent to assembly and service technicians. A second Bowden cable 154 couples interior handle 152 to interior unlatch lever 640 . Second Bowden cable 154 similarly includes a hollow cable sheath 726 , a resilient retaining grommet 728 coupled to cable sheath 726 , a braided wire cable 730 disposed within cable sheath 726 and geology thesis writing a second Bowden cable retainer 732 . Second Bowden cable retainer 732 is an aluminum sphere 734 which is staked or otherwise secured to the end of braided wire cable 730 . The diameter of sphere 734 is esl sized to match the thesis, distance between base portion 686 and base member 682 with a predetermined amount of clearance similar to that discussed above for first Bowden cable retainer 722 . The diameter of resources esl, sphere 734 , however, is sufficiently different from that of sphere 722 so as to prevent its insertion into cable retention means 660 . Second Bowden cable 154 is five threaded into cable slot 690 and sphere 734 is positioned between base portion 686 and base member 682 . Resources Esl. Retaining grommet 728 is sized to fit second support aperture 624 and is either too large or small to world fit first and third support apertures 622 and 626 properly.

As such, the misassembly of resources esl, second Bowden cable 154 to first or third support apertures 622 or 626 will be immediately apparent to assembly and service technicians. A third Bowden cable 736 couples hold-open latch 128 to interior unlatch lever 640 . Third Bowden cable 736 again similarly includes a hollow cable sheath 738 , a resilient retaining grommet 740 coupled to cable sheath 738 , a braided wire cable 742 disposed within cable sheath 738 and of toefl a third Bowden cable retainer 740 . Third Bowden cable retainer 740 is fabricated from aluminum and includes a sphere portion 740 a and a plate portion 740 b which is fixedly secured to sphere portion 740 a. Third Bowden cable retainer 740 is staked or otherwise secured to the end of braided wire cable 742 . The unique configuration of third Bowden cable retainer 740 prevents or renders apparent the misassembly of the Bowden cable retainer 740 to either cable retention means 660 or first Bowden cable retention means 676 . Third Bowden cable 736 is secured to second Bowden cable retention means 678 in esl, a manner similar to that described above for second Bowden cable 154 . And Beyond Essays On The American. Retaining grommet 740 is resources inserted into third support aperture 626 to secure third Bowden cable 736 to reflective essay on teaching practicum bracket member 254 . Retaining grommet 740 is sized to fit third support aperture 626 and is either too large or small to fit first and second support apertures 622 and 624 properly. As such, the misassembly of third Bowden cable 736 to first or second support apertures 622 or 624 will be immediately apparent to assembly and service technicians. Referring briefly to FIG. 30, a cable retention means and resources a Bowden cable retainer according to an alternate embodiment are shown. As shown, Bowden cable retainer 750 is generally cylindrical in shape, formed from a material such as aluminum and coupled to an end of braided wire cable 752 in a conventional manner. Cable retention means 754 is generally shaped in the form of a hollow cylinder and includes an T-shaped cable slot 756 with a first portion 758 extending parallel to the axis of cable retention means 754 and a second portion 760 which extends around a portion of the perimeter of in swedish history, cable retention means 754 . Bowden cable retainer 750 is sized in resources esl, a manner which includes a predetermined amount of clearance as described above. Thesis Writing. Wire cable 752 is threaded into resources cable slot 756 and Bowden cable retainer 750 is inserted into the hollow interior of cable retention means 754 . In Swedish. When wire cable 752 reaches second portion 760 , Bowden cable retainer 750 is rotated within cable retention means 754 to guard against the withdrawal of Bowden cable retainer 750 . In one application, the aluminum sphere 724 of first Bowden cable retainer 722 has a diameter of approximately 6 mm, the aluminum sphere 734 of second Bowden cable retainer 732 has a diameter of esl, approximately 8 mm and the distance between sidewalls 662 is the battlefield american war approximately 6.5 mm. Accordingly, as second Bowden cable retainer 732 will not fit into cable retention means 660 , any assembly errors would be rendered immediately apparent. Resources Esl. In further illustration of the error-proofing method of the present invention, the diameter of first support aperture 622 is approximately 12 mm and the diameter, the diameter of essays in swedish history, first retaining grommet 718 is approximately 11.5 mm, the diameter of second support aperture 624 is approximately 8.5 mm and the diameter of second retaining grommet 728 is resources esl approximately 8 mm. Accordingly, as the diameter of first retaining grommet 718 is substantially larger than second support aperture 624 to prevent its insertion therein, any assembly errors would be rendered immediately apparent.

From the foregoing discussion, it should be readily apparent to world hunger those skilled in the art that the error-proofing of an esl, assembly having multiple wire cables can be accomplished by utilizing a series of cables having Bowden cable retainers of the why become, same shape which are sized differently and/or by resources utilizing cables with Bowden cable retainers of different shapes. With additional reference to FIG. 17B, actuation of exterior handle 148 creates a force that is transmitted through first Bowden cable 150 and acts against end wall 664 to cause exterior unlatch lever 642 to a veterinarian rotate about first pin 646 a. If unlatch lever pin 710 is in resources, the engaged mode, unlatch lever pin will contact unlatch lever arm 708 , as well as exterior unlatch lever 642 along the in swedish history, narrow portion 712 of L-shaped slot 658 , causing unlatch lever pin 710 to rotate about second pin 646 b in actuation slot 707 . As unlatch lever pin 710 extends through exterior unlatch lever 642 , rotation of exterior unlatch lever 642 about first pin 646 a causes unlatch lever pin 710 rotate outward from second pin 646 b and rotate dog lever 644 about first pin 646 a. If dog lever 644 is sufficiently rotated about first pin 646 a, actuation lever 702 contacts actuation arm 382 which in turn causes dog member 268 to rotate pawl 266 away from latch ratchet 262 to permit first spring means 270 to rotate latch ratchet 262 to the fully open position. If, however, unlatch lever pin 710 is in esl, the disengaged mode, rotation of exterior unlatch lever 642 will not cause unlatch lever pin 710 to contact dog lever 644 , and as such, actuation lever will not contact actuation arm 382 to why become essay cause dog member 268 to rotate pawl 266 and resources release latch ratchet 262 . With reference to FIG. 17C, actuation of interior handle 152 (i.e., release button 152 a ) creates a force that is transmitted through second Bowden cable 154 and acts against base member 682 to cause interior unlatch lever 640 to rotate about thesis, first pin 646 a. Actuation of interior handle 152 also creates a force which is transmitted through third Bowden cable 736 , which in turn causes hold-open latch 128 to pivot about its connection to door assembly 138 and esl release first guide track 38 . Child guard mechanism 258 selectively couples interior unlatch lever 640 to exterior unlatch lever 642 . Child guard mechanism 258 includes a first link 780 which is pivotably coupled to bracket member 254 at first child guard lever aperture 636 , a second link 782 which is pivotably coupled to bracket member at second child guard lever aperture 638 , and a third link 784 . First link 780 includes a selector arm 786 and an actuation arm 788 . Selector arm 786 is operable between an engaged position which permits latch ratchet 262 to geology be unlatched only by manual operation of exterior handle 148 and a disengaged position which permits latch ratchet 262 to be unlatched by automatic operation or by manual operation of the exterior or interior handles 148 and 152 . Second link 782 is coupled to first link 780 such that movement of first link 780 between the engaged and disengaged positions causes second link 782 to rotate about resources esl, second child guard lever aperture 638 . Third link 784 is pivotably coupled to the battlefield american war second link 782 and resources esl includes an actuation pin 790 . Actuation pin 790 extends through slotted aperture 654 and L-shaped slot 672 . Positioning of child guard mechanism 258 into the disengaged position places actuation pin 790 in types of toefl, a portion of esl, L-shaped slot 672 proximate its tip 792 . Therefore, when child guard mechanism 258 is disengaged and interior unlatch lever 640 is rotated about first pin 646 a, actuation pin 790 is brought into contact with the side of world hunger, L-shaped slot 672 , causing exterior unlatch lever 642 to rotate about first pin 646 a with interior unlatch lever 640 . Consequently, the actuation of interior handle 152 when child guard mechanism 258 is disengaged permits interior unlatch lever 640 to rotate exterior unlatch lever 642 and resources esl unlatch power latching mechanism 126 as described above. Positioning of child guard mechanism 258 into reflective the engaged position places actuation pin 790 in a portion of resources esl, L-shaped slot 672 proximate its base 794 . Therefore, when child guard mechanism 258 is engaged and interior unlatch lever 640 is rotated about first pin 646 a, actuation pin 790 does not contact the side of slotted aperture 672 and the position of exterior unlatch lever 642 is not affected. Reflective. Consequently, the actuation of interior handle 152 when child guard mechanism 258 is engaged does not permits interior unlatch lever 640 to rotate exterior unlatch lever 642 and unlatch power latching mechanism 126 . Child guard mechanism 258 permits exterior handle 148 to actuate hold-open latch 128 to release first guide track 38 . Specifically, the rotating motion of exterior unlatch lever 642 in a direction tending to unlatch power latching mechanism 126 is transmitted to interior unlatch lever 640 to cause it to similarly rotate about first pin 646 a. From the resources esl, foregoing discussion of latch mechanism 250 and reflective on teaching power drive assembly 252 , above, it should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that power latching mechanism 126 may be configured in a manner to permit its integration into resources other vehicle closure systems, including tailgates and other passenger doors which are pivotably coupled to a vehicle body, as wells as trunk lids and hoods. With reference to FIGS.

1, 3 A and 3 B, a power latching mechanism according to an alternate embodiment which is tailored for use in tailgate 64 is generally indicated by reference numeral 126 ?. Essay. Power latching mechanism 126 ? does not include a bracket member or a child guard mechanism. Power latching mechanism 126 ? is otherwise generally similar to power latching mechanism 126 except that unlatch mechanism 256 ? is highly simplified and consists of a single lever 800 pivotably coupled to housing 260 ?. Esl. Wire harness 67 d extends into and beyond on the civil a hole 801 in resources, tailgate panel 65 which is sealed by sealing grommet 67 e. Wire harness 67 d is coupled to body control module 52 . Power latching mechanism 126 ? is fixedly coupled to tailgate panel 65 . Lever 800 is mechanically coupled through a link member 802 to essays american civil key switch 66 . Esl. Rotation of key switch 66 in a first direction causes link member 802 to rotate lever 800 which in turn causes dog member 268 to rotate about second pin 278 and release pawl 266 to unlatch power latching mechanism 126 ?. Power latching mechanism 126 ? is and beyond essays on the war electrically coupled to body control module 52 . Body control module 52 is operable for resources, monitoring the state of the pawl and ratchet switches 280 and 284 and determining the latched state of a veterinarian essay, power latching mechanism 126 ?. Body control module 52 is also operable for monitoring the resources esl, output signals generated by tailgate handle switch 67 c, an interior switch 134 or a remote keyless-entry control device 962 . Reflective. Upon receiving an output signal from tailgate handle switch 67 c, interior switch 134 or remote keyless-entry control device 962 indicative of a command to cause power latching mechanism 126 ? to unlatch, body control module 52 is first determines whether latch ratchet 262 is in the fully unlatched position. If latch ratchet 262 is not in the fully unlatched position, body control module 52 is operable controlling cinch motor 412 to operate and resources drive latch sector 264 in the second direction to thesis cause ratchet contact 280 to contact ratchet contact surface 390 and rotate pawl 266 to esl release latch ratchet 262 as described above. Consequently, tailgate may be operated without conventional interior and exterior handles which mechanically operate the latching mechanism. This construction is advantageous in that it permits any holes in the exterior surface 804 of tailgate panel 65 to be sealed against entry by dirt and water under conditions in essays, which vehicle 12 would normally be operated.

This construction is also advantageous due to resources esl the ability to reduce the number of parts comprising the tailgate, as well as the ability to eliminate issues relating to the design and adjustment of conventional mechanical linkages associated with conventional interior and exterior handles for mechanically actuating the latch mechanism. From the foregoing, it should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that other power latch mechanism may be employed to eliminate conventional handles for mechanically operating the latch. Consequently, the scope of this aspect of the present invention is not limited to a power latching mechanism having cinching capabilities, but extends to any latching mechanism which may be electrically or electromechanically operated in an unlatching manner. It should also be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that this aspect of the present invention has applicability to other types of and beyond essays american civil war, door handles and resources esl doors and hunger as such, it not limited to lightbar assemblies or tailgates. It should also be readily apparent to resources esl those skilled in the art that the on the american civil war, power latch mechanism of the esl, present invention may be coupled to the opposite side of the sliding door to engage a striker coupled to the second body pillar (i.e., second body pillar 26 ). Five. This configuration is resources especially advantageous in that the hold-pen latch may be designed in a manner to engage the striker when the sliding door is in the fully open position. A power door drive mechanism according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention is generally indicated by reference numeral 124 ? in FIGS. 31 through 33 . Power door drive mechanism 124 ? includes power unit 200 , a drive unit 204 ?, a drive clutch 206 ?, and a drive pinion 208 ?. Power unit 200 includes drive motor 210 , gearbox 212 and geology thesis driveshaft 202 . Drive pinion axle 900 extends through an aperture 902 in drive pinion 208 ? and esl couples drive pinion 208 ? to lower hinge member 168 ?. Hunger Essay Outline. Drive pinion axle 900 also supports drive pinion 208 ? for esl, rotation about the longitudinal axis of geology writing, drive pinion axle 900 . Resources Esl. Drive pinion 208 ? includes a plurality of drive pinion teeth 230 ? which meshingly engage rack teeth 92 . Drive unit 204 ? includes a worm gear 904 , a reducing gear 906 , an idler gear 908 , first and second axles 910 and 912 and a mounting assembly 914 . Mounting assembly 914 supports worm gear 904 for reflective on teaching, rotation about its longitudinal axis. Driveshaft 202 is coupled to worm gear 904 and drives it about its longitudinal axis. Reducing gear 906 includes an axle aperture 916 , a set of first gear teeth 918 which meshingly engage the teeth 920 worm gear 904 , and a set of second gear teeth 922 . First axle 910 is disposed through lower hinge member 168 ?, mounting assembly 914 and axle aperture 916 and resources thereby supports reducing gear 906 for rotation about the essay practicum, axis of first axle 910 . First axle 910 also supports drive unit 204 ? for rotation about the esl, axis of first axle 910 . Idler gear 908 includes an axle aperture 924 and a set of gear teeth 926 which meshingly engage second gear teeth 922 and the battlefield and beyond on the the teeth 230 ? of drive pinion 208 ?. Second axle 912 is resources esl disposed through mounting assembly 914 and axle aperture 924 and world hunger outline thereby supports idler gear 908 for rotation about the axis of second axle 912 . Drive clutch 206 ? includes first and second hinge members 930 and 932 , respectively, which are pivotably connected by a pivot pin 934 . Resources. First hinge member 930 is generally L-shaped and five of toefl essays includes a cam 936 at the intersection of resources esl, base portion 938 and essay leg portion 940 . Resources Esl. A pivot pin 942 couples first hinge member 930 to the portion of mounting assembly 914 proximate idler gear 908 . Second hinge member 932 includes a cam follower 944 , a link portion 946 , and a pivot pin 948 . Essays In Swedish History. Cam follower 944 is coupled to resources link portion 946 includes a cam follower edge 950 which abuts leg portion 940 when drive clutch 206 ? is five not actuated. Link portion 946 is pivotably coupled to first hinge member 930 by pivot pin 934 . First and second hinge members 930 and 932 are coupled to resources esl unlatch mechanism 256 ? by first and second links 954 and 956 , respectively. First and second links 954 and 956 are preferably Bowden cables having a braided wire cable material.

When one or both of the exterior and interior handles 148 and essays history 152 are placed in their extended positions, first link 780 creates a force as shown by direction arrow A in FIG. 33 which causes first hinge member 930 to rotate about pin 934 . In response thereto, cam 936 is esl caused to act against cam follower 944 and rotate mounting assembly 914 about first axle 910 into a disengaged position wherein idler gear 908 is disengaged from drive pinion 208 ? to permit sliding door 36 ? to be operated manually. Depending upon the configuration of cam 936 and essays cam follower 944 , drive clutch 206 ? may be locked into the disengaged position by the actuation of either one of the exterior or interior handles 148 and 152 . Second link member 932 is coupled to a linear actuator 960 which, when actuated upon the occurrence of one or more predetermined conditions, creates a force as shown by direction arrow B in esl, FIG. 33 which causes second link member 932 to essay rotate about pin 910 such that cam follower edge 950 abuts leg portion 940 and esl idler gear 908 engages drive pinion 208 ?. Referring back to FIG.

4 and the battlefield essays civil war 10, control module 54 is operable for selectively controlling the operation of sliding door 36 . Control module 54 is coupled to body control module 52 as well as various other electronic control devices throughout vehicle 12 , such as automatic transmission controller 50 and engine controller 48 . As a result, control module 54 receives data on numerous vehicle dynamics, including vehicle speed, ignition status, presently engaged gear ratio and requests to esl open sliding door 36 generated from one of the interior switches 134 or a remote keyless-entry control device 962 . Control module 54 is also coupled to drive motor 210 , drive clutch 206 , hall effect sensor 214 , pawl switch 280 , ratchet switch 282 , hold open switch 964 , lock switch 714 , cinch clutch 416 , cinch motor 412 , handle switch 146 , and history a child guard switch 966 . Control module 54 controls both the actuation of drive motor 210 and esl the direction with which it rotates. Reflective Essay Practicum. Operation of drive motor 210 in a first direction causes drive pinion 208 to be rotated in a direction which tends to push door panel assembly 138 into the open position. Conversely, operation of drive motor 210 in a second direction causes drive pinion 208 to be rotated in a direction which tends to push door panel assembly 138 into resources the closed position. Control module 54 receives signals from various sensors located throughout vehicle 12 , determines the operational state of vehicle 12 , determines the appropriate actions that should be made with respect to hunger essay outline sliding door 36 and initiates any necessary command signals to initiate such actions. Resources Esl. Accordingly, upon receipt of a command to cycle sliding door 36 from one of the essays in swedish history, interior switches 134 or remote keyless-entry control device 962 , control module 54 determines the state of the sliding door (e.g. fully closed) and causes power door drive mechanism 124 and esl power latching mechanism 126 to operate according to a predetermined control strategy. With reference to essay outline FIGS.

10 and resources 34, door assembly 136 includes trim panel assembly 140 and geology thesis a stamped metal or molded plastic door panel assembly 138 that includes an esl, exterior panel 1000 and an interior panel 1002 . Interior panel 1002 is fixedly coupled to exterior panel 1000 and includes a recessed cavity 1004 having a first portion 1006 adapted for housing control module 54 and of toefl essays a second portion 1008 adapted for housing a portion of power door drive mechanism 124 . In the resources, particular embodiment illustrated, second portion 1008 includes a power unit cut-out 1012 , adapted to house drive motor 210 and gearbox 212 , and a driveshaft pocket 1014 , adapted to house a portion of essay practicum, flexible driveshaft 202 . Resources Esl. Trim panel assembly 140 covers recessed cavity 1004 to conceal drive motor 210 , gearbox 212 and control module 54 from the geology writing, view of the passengers, as well as to dampen any noise and resources vibration produced during the world hunger essay, operation of sliding door 36 . Accordingly, trim panel assembly 140 may include an insulating material disposed between control module 54 , drive motor 210 and/or gearbox 212 and the interior of vehicle 12 . The configuration shown is particularly advantageous due to resources its ability to be used across a wide range of vehicle trim levels. Practicum. For example, should a completely manual sliding door be desired, the vehicle manufacturer need only omit power door drive mechanism 124 and control module 54 , substitute a completely mechanical version of the latching mechanism for power latching mechanism 126 and substitute a less complex wiring harness for wiring harness 190 . Preferably, the esl, completely mechanical version of the latching mechanism is identical to power latching mechanism 126 except that any components or assemblies associated with the power latching and unlatching (e.g., power drive assembly 252 , latch sector 264 ) have been omitted or substituted with other components, such as spacers, to on teaching practicum provide substantial similarity between the latch mechanisms in their installation and operation. Similarly, should a manual sliding door with power locks be desired, the resources, vehicle manufacturer need only five of toefl essays omit power door drive mechanism 124 and control module 54 , substitute an electronically-actuated latching mechanism for power latching mechanism 126 and substitute a less complex wiring harness for wiring harness 190 . While the electronically-actuated latching mechanism may be the same component as the power latching mechanism 126 , it preferably substitutes a less-complex mechanism than power drive assembly 252 for actuating dog member 268 to permit latch ratchet 262 to resources return to the fully unlatched position. Configuration in this manner permits the essay practicum, cost of the resources esl, latching mechanism to be minimized while maintaining substantial similarity between the latch mechanisms in their installation and operation. It will be understood, however, that the cavity for drive motor 210 , gearbox 212 and/or control module 54 could alternatively be formed between exterior panel 1000 and interior panel 1002 (i.e., the cavity may be formed in door panel assembly 138 ). Accordingly, the and beyond essays american war, particular embodiment illustrated is not intended to be limiting in any manner. Referring to resources FIG. 35, the methodology for controlling sliding door 36 is shown in schematic flow-diagram form. The methodology is the battlefield civil entered at resources esl, bubble 2000 and types of toefl essays progresses to decision block 2004 where control module 54 determines whether body control module 52 has issued a command signal (C 55 command) to open or close the sliding door 36 . If body control module has not received a C 55 command, the methodology loops back to decision block 2004 . Resources. If body control module 52 has received a C 55 command, the essay, methodology proceeds to decision block 2008 . In decision block 2008 , control module 54 evaluates data received from automatic transmission controller 50 to determine if vehicle is in a gear ratio corresponding to park or neutral. If vehicle is not in a gear ratio corresponding to park or neutral, the methodology returns to decision block 2004 . If vehicle is in resources, a gear ratio corresponding to park or neutral, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2012 where control module 54 evaluates data received from essays history engine controller 48 to resources determine if the speed of vehicle 12 is above a predetermined maximum speed.

If the speed of vehicle 12 is above the predetermined maximum speed in decision block 2012 , the five types, methodology loops back to decision block 2004 . If the speed of vehicle 12 is not above the resources esl, predetermined maximum speed, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2016 where the status of pawl switch 280 is evaluated. If pawl switch 280 is in in swedish, an open (i.e., open circuit to ground), latch ratchet 262 has been placed in one of the esl, fully latched and partially latched positions. Five Of Toefl Essays. The methodology proceeds to decision block 2020 where the methodology determines if ratchet switch is open. If ratchet switch 282 is not open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2024 where the methodology determines if a new C 55 command has been generated by body control module 52 . If a new C 55 command has not been generated, the methodology loops back to decision block 2004 . If a new C 55 command has been generated, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2028 where the methodology determines if sliding door 36 is resources esl being operated in an opening or a closing cycle. If sliding door is not being operated in an opening or closing cycle, the methodology proceeds to bubble 2032 where the five essays, methodology proceeds along branch 2 c. Referring now to FIG. 36, the methodology then proceeds from bubble 2032 to decision block 2036 where the status of resources esl, ratchet switch 282 is evaluated. If ratchet switch 282 is open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2040 where the status of pawl switch 280 is evaluated. If pawl switch 280 is open sliding door 36 is fully closed, and the methodology proceeds to bubble 2044 which, referring briefly to FIG. 35, causes the methodology to loop back to decision block 2004 . Returning to decision block 2040 in FIG. 36, if pawl switch 280 is not open, the methodology proceeds to types of toefl essays block 2048 where cinch motor 412 is esl turned on in a closing direction, cinch clutch 416 is turned on and the cinch latch timer (CLT) is started.

Referring back to decision block 2036 , if ratchet switch 282 is outline not open, the methodology proceeds to resources esl block 2048 . The methodology proceeds to decision block 2052 where the geology writing, status of ratchet switch 282 is evaluated. If ratchet switch 282 is not open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2056 . In decision block 2056 , the methodology determines if the value of the CLT has exceeded a predetermined maximum time (T 2 ). In the esl, particular example shown, T 2 is and beyond american civil four seconds. If the value in the CLT has not exceeded T 2 , the methodology loops back to decision block 2052 . Resources. If the value of the CLT has exceeded T 2 , the methodology proceeds to block 2060 where cinch motor 412 and cinch clutch 416 are turned off. The methodology proceeds to block 2064 where a diagnostic troubleshooting code (DTC) is stored in the memory of control module 54 . The particular DTC stored aids technicians in evaluating failures in the power sliding door system 10 and also causes control module 54 to disable the automatic operation of sliding door 36 . Referring back to decision block 2052 , if ratchet switch 282 is open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2068 where the status of pawl switch 280 is why become evaluated. Esl. If pawl switch 280 is not open, the thesis, methodology proceeds to decision block 2072 where the methodology determines if the value in the CLT has exceeded T 2 . If the value in esl, the CLT has not exceeded T 2 . The methodology loops back to essay decision block 2068 . If the value of the CLT has exceeded T 2 , the resources, methodology proceeds to block 2060 and the battlefield and beyond progresses as described above. Returning to decision block 2068 , if pawl switch 280 is open, the methodology proceeds to block 2076 where the CLT is cleared. The methodology then proceeds to block 2080 where cinch motor 412 and cinch clutch 416 are turned off.

The methodology then proceeds to bubble 2044 and esl progresses as described above. Referring back to decision block 2028 in FIG. 35, if sliding door 36 is essay on teaching operating in an opening or a closing cycle, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2084 where the methodology determines if sliding door 36 is operating in an opening cycle. The methodology is esl able to determine the direction of operation through the a veterinarian, use of the hold open switch 964 , the pawl and ratchet switches 280 and 284 , and through the use of a register which records whether the last cycle was an opening cycle or a closing cycle. For example, if the register indicated that the last cycle had been a closing cycle, the resources esl, methodology will generally operate in an opening cycle the next time the power sliding door system 10 . On Teaching Practicum. An exception to this general rule of operation is resources esl where the hold open switch 964 had indicated that sliding door 36 was already in the fully open position. In such a situation, the power sliding door system will operate in a closing cycle. Similarly, if the register indicates that the last cycle was an opening cycle, the methodology will generally operate in five types essays, a closing cycle the next time the power sliding door system 10 is actuated. An exception to this general rule of resources esl, operation is where the essay, pawl and resources esl ratchet switches 280 and essays war 284 indicate that sliding door 36 is resources esl already in a veterinarian essay, the fully latched position. In such a situation, the power sliding door system will operate in an opening cycle. If sliding door 36 is operating in an opening cycle, the methodology loops back to decision block 2004 . If sliding door 36 is not operating in resources, an opening cycle in decision block 2084 , the essay, methodology proceeds to resources block 2088 and turns cinch motor 412 on in a releasing direction (i.e., such that latch sector 264 is thesis operated in the second direction), cinch clutch 416 is turned on, and the cinch latch release timer (CLRT) is esl started.

The methodology then proceeds to decision block 2092 where the reflective essay practicum, status of pawl switch 280 is evaluated. If pawl switch 280 is open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2096 where the methodology determines if the value in the CLRT has exceeded a predetermined maximum time (T 2 ). If the value in the CLRT has not exceeded T 2 , the esl, methodology loops back to decision block 2092 . If the value of the CLRT has exceeded T 2 , the methodology proceeds to block 2100 where cinch motor 412 and cinch clutch 416 are turned off. The methodology proceeds to block 2104 where a DTC is stored in control module 54 which prevents further operation of sliding door 36 in types of toefl, an automatic mode. Returning to esl decision block 2092 , if pawl switch 280 is not open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2108 where ratchet switch 282 is evaluated. World Hunger. If ratchet switch 282 is resources open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2112 where the the battlefield essays on the civil war, value in CLRT is evaluated.

If the value in CLRT has exceeded T 2 , the methodology proceeds to block 2100 . If the value in CLRT has not exceeded T 2 , the resources esl, methodology loops back to of toefl decision block 2108 . Referring back to decision block 2108 , it ratchet switch 282 is not open, the methodology proceeds to esl block 2116 where drive clutch 206 is turned on five types essays and a Hall effect counter (HEQ is set to 0. The methodology proceeds to esl block 2120 where drive motor 210 is turned on and the power sliding door interrupt (PSDI) subroutine is five essays started. The PSDI subroutine is discussed in detail below. The methodology proceeds to decision block 2124 . In block 2124 , the methodology evaluates the speed of drive motor 210 utilizing the signal produced by Hall effect sensor 214 . If the speed of drive motor 210 is not greater than a predetermined speed (MSPD), the methodology proceeds to block 2128 where a DTC is stored in control module 54 which aids in the trouble shooting of power sliding door system 10 , but which does not disable the operation of sliding door 36 in a fully automatic mode. The methodology then proceeds to bubble 2132 where the methodology proceeds along branch 3 b. Referring to FIG. 36, the methodology progresses from bubble 2132 to block 2136 where the resources, present direction of drive motor 210 is and beyond reversed.

The methodology proceeds to block 2140 where the logic for the HEC is adjusted to alter the resources, value in the HEC in thesis writing, accordance with the new direction in which sliding door 36 is being moved. The methodology then proceeds to block 2144 where the C 55 command is cleared and the obstacle detection subroutine is started. The obstacle detection subroutine utilizes information from esl Hall effect sensor 214 to determine whether sliding door 36 has contacted an obstacle. The methodology proceeds to decision block 2148 where the value in the HEC is evaluated. If the value in why become essay, the HEC is greater than a first predetermined counter value (C 1 ), such as 560 counts, the methodology proceeds to block 2152 where the resources, speed of drive motor 210 is decelerated to a predetermined motor speed. Why Become A Veterinarian Essay. The methodology then proceeds to decision block 2156 where the methodology determines if sliding door 36 has contacted an obstacle. The methodology concludes that sliding door 36 had detected an obstacle, for example, if the value in the HEC is greater than a predetermined maximum counter value indicating that drive clutch 206 has experienced excessive slippage due to contact between sliding door 36 and an obstacle. If sliding door 36 has not contacted an obstacle, the resources, methodology proceeds to decision block 2160 where the status of pawl switch 280 is evaluated.

If pawl switch is open, the methodology proceeds to world essay outline block 2164 where drive motor 210 is turned off and the PSDI subroutine is terminated. The methodology proceeds to block 2168 where drive clutch 206 is turned off. The methodology then proceeds to decision block 2036 and continues in the manner described above. Returning to resources esl decision block 2160 , if pawl switch 280 is not open, the why become essay, methodology proceeds to decision block 2172 where the value in the HEC is resources esl evaluated. If the value in the HEC is not greater than a second predetermined counter value (C 2 ), the methodology proceeds to decision block 2176 where the and beyond civil, C 55 command is resources evaluated. If a new C 55 command has not been issued, the methodology loops back to decision block 2156 . If a new C 55 command has been issued, the methodology proceeds to bubble 2180 and in swedish proceeds along branch 2 b. Returning briefly to decision block 2172 , if the value in HEC is greater than C 2 , the methodology proceeds to block 2184 where a DTC is stored in control module 54 which aids in the trouble shooting of power sliding door system 10 , but which does not disable the operation of resources, sliding door 36 in a fully automatic mode.

The methodology then proceeds to bubble 2180 and geology thesis writing proceeds along branch 2 b. Returning briefly to decision block 2156 , if an obstacle has been detected, the methodology proceeds to resources bubble 2180 and proceeds along branch 2 b. Returning to decision block 2148 , if the value in HEC does not exceed C 1 , the methodology proceeds to decision block where the why become, C 55 command is resources esl evaluated. If a new C 55 command has been issued, the methodology proceeds to bubble 2180 where the methodology progresses along branch 2 b. If a new C 55 command has not been issued, the methodology proceeds to essays in swedish history decision block 2192 where the methodology determines if sliding door 36 has contacted an obstacle. Esl. If sliding door 36 has contacted an obstacle, the methodology proceeds to thesis writing bubble 2180 and progresses along branch 2 b. If the methodology has not detected an obstacle, the methodology loops back to decision block 2148 . Referring back to FIG. 35, the methodology proceeds from resources bubble 2180 to why become block 2196 where the present direction of drive motor 210 is reversed.

The methodology proceeds to block 2200 where the logic for the HEC is adjusted to alter the value in the HEC in accordance with the resources, new direction in which sliding door 36 is being moved. The methodology then proceeds to block 2204 where the C 55 command is cleared and the obstacle detection subroutine is started. The methodology proceeds to decision block where the value in HEC is evaluated. If the value in HEC is not greater than a third predetermined counter value (C 3 ), the reflective essay on teaching, methodology proceeds to decision block 2212 where the C 55 command is evaluated. If a new C 55 command has been issued in decision block 2212 , the methodology proceeds to bubble 2132 and proceeds along branch 3 b as described above. If a new C 55 command has not been issued in decision block 2212 , the esl, methodology proceeds to decision block 2216 where the methodology determines if an obstacle has been detected. If an obstacle has been detected, the methodology proceeds to essays on the bubble 2132 and proceeds along branch 3 b as described above. If an resources esl, obstacle has not been detected, the world essay, methodology loops back to decision block 2208 . In decision block 2208 , if the resources esl, value in the HEC is greater than C 3 , the a veterinarian essay, methodology proceeds to block 2220 where drive motor 210 is esl decelerated to a predetermined speed. The methodology then proceeds to decision block 2224 where the value in thesis writing, the HEC is resources evaluated.

If the value in the HEC is the battlefield and beyond greater than C 2 , the methodology proceeds to block 2228 where a DTC is esl stored in control module 54 which aids in the trouble shooting of power sliding door system 10 , but which does not disable the five types essays, operation of sliding door 36 in a fully automatic mode. The methodology proceeds to block 2232 where the value in the HEC is stored to the memory of control module 54 . The methodology proceeds to block 2236 where drive motor 210 and drive clutch 206 are turned off and the PSDI subroutine is terminated. The methodology then loops back to decision block 2004 . Returning to decision block 2224 , if the value in the HEC is not greater than C 2 , the methodology proceeds to resources esl decision block 2240 where the status of hold open switch 964 is evaluated. Why Become Essay. If hold open switch 964 is not open indicating that sliding door 36 is not in the full open position, the methodology proceeds to block 2232 . Esl. If hold open switch 964 is thesis open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2244 where the methodology determines if sliding door 36 has contacted an obstacle. If sliding door 36 has not contacted an resources esl, obstacle, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2248 where the status of the C 55 command is evaluated. If a new C 55 command has been issued in decision block 2248 , the methodology proceeds to bubble 2132 and proceeds along branch 3 b as described above. If a new C 55 command has not been issued in decision block 2248 , the methodology loops back to decision block 2224 . Referring back to decision block 2244 , if sliding door 36 has contacted an obstacle, the essays, methodology proceeds to block 2252 where the present direction of drive motor 210 is reversed.

The methodology proceeds to resources decision block 2256 . In decision block 2256 , the methodology determines if sliding door 36 has contacted a second obstacle within a predetermined time interval (T 2 ). If sliding door has contacted an obstacle within T 2 , the methodology proceeds to block 2260 where a DTC is stored in control module 54 which aids in the trouble shooting of power sliding door system 10 , but which does not disable the operation of geology thesis writing, sliding door 36 in a fully automatic mode. Resources. The methodology proceeds to block 2236 and progresses as described above. Returning to decision block 2256 , if sliding door 36 has not contacted a second obstacle within T 2 , the methodology proceeds to bubble 2264 and progresses along branch 3 f. With brief reference to the battlefield civil war FIG. Esl. 36, the of toefl, methodology proceeds from bubble 2264 to block 2140 and progresses as described above. Referring back to decision block 2124 , if the speed of drive motor 210 is greater than SPD, the methodology proceeds to esl block 2266 where cinch motor 412 and cinch clutch 416 are turned off. The methodology then proceeds to block 2204 and essays on the civil war progresses as described above.

Returning to decision block 2020 , if ratchet switch 282 is open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2268 where the status of hold open switch 964 is evaluated. Esl. If hold open switch 964 is open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2272 where the status of essays in swedish history, lock switch 714 is evaluated. Resources. If lock switch 714 is open in decision block 2272 , the methodology proceeds to block 2088 as described above. If lock switch 714 is not open in decision block 2272 , the methodology loops back to decision block 2004 . Returning to decision block 2268 , if hold open switch 964 is writing not open, the resources, methodology proceeds to decision block 2276 where the methodology determines if sliding door 36 is being operated in either an opening cycle or a closing cycle. If sliding door 36 is not being operated in either an opening cycle or a closing cycle, the five of toefl, methodology proceeds to block 2280 where a DTC is stored in the memory of resources esl, control module 54 which aids technicians in evaluating failures in the power sliding door system 10 and also causes control module 54 to disable the automatic operation of sliding door 36 . If, however, sliding door 36 is operating in either an thesis, opening cycle or a closing cycle in decision block 2276 , the resources, methodology loops back to decision block 2004 . Referring back to decision block 2016 , if pawl switch 280 is not open, the types of toefl essays, methodology proceeds to resources decision block 2284 where the status of ratchet switch 282 is evaluated. If ratchet switch is open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2288 where the methodology determines if sliding door 36 is being operated in either an opening cycle or a closing cycle. If sliding door 36 is being operating in either an opening cycle or a closing cycle, the methodology loops back to decision block 2004 . If sliding door 36 is not being operating in either an opening cycle or a closing cycle in decision block 2288 , the a veterinarian, methodology proceeds to block 2292 where a DTC is resources esl stored in the memory of control module 54 which aids technicians in evaluating failures in the power sliding door system 10 and thesis writing also causes control module 54 to disable the automatic operation of sliding door 36 . Referring back to decision block 2284 , if ratchet switch 282 is open, the methodology proceeds to resources decision block 2296 where the status of hold open switch 964 is evaluated. If hold open switch is open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2300 where the methodology determines if sliding door 36 is being operated in either an reflective essay on teaching practicum, opening cycle or a closing cycle. If sliding door 36 is not being operating in either an opening cycle or a closing cycle, the methodology proceeds to block 2304 where the methodology determines that sliding door 36 is being operated manually. The methodology then loops back to decision block 2004 . Returning to decision block 2300 , if sliding door 36 is being operating in either an resources esl, opening cycle or a closing cycle, the practicum, methodology proceeds to decision block 2308 . In decision block 2308 , if sliding door is not being operated in an opening cycle, the resources, methodology proceeds to decision block 2312 where the value in the HEC is in swedish evaluated.

If the value in the HEC is greater than Cl, the methodology proceeds to bubble 2316 and proceeds along branch 2 d. With brief reference to FIG. 36, the methodology proceeds from bubble 2316 to esl decision block 2188 and in swedish history progresses as described above. Returning to decision block 2312 in FIG. 35, if the value in the HEC is not greater than C 1 , the methodology proceeds to bubble 2320 and progresses along branch 2 e. With brief reference to FIG. 36, the resources, methodology proceeds from bubble 2320 to decision block 2176 and and beyond on the american civil war progresses as described above. Referring back to decision block 2308 in FIG.

35, if sliding door 36 is esl not being operated in an opening cycle, the methodology proceeds to decision block 2324 where the value in the HEC is evaluated. If the reflective essay on teaching, value in the HEC is not greater than C 3 , the methodology proceeds to decision block 2212 and progresses as described above. If the value in the HEC is resources esl greater than C 3 , the methodology proceeds to decision block 2248 and progresses as described above. Returning to in swedish decision block 2296 , if hold open switch 964 is not open, the methodology proceeds to block 2328 where the HEC is resources esl set to 0. The methodology proceeds to block 2332 where cinch motor 412 and cinch clutch 416 are turned on and the cinch latch timer is started. The Battlefield And Beyond American. The methodology proceeds to decision block 2336 where the status of hold open switch 964 is resources evaluated. If hold open switch 964 is not open, the methodology proceeds to a veterinarian essay decision block 2340 where the value in the cinch latch timer is evaluated. If the value in the cinch latch timer is not greater than T 2 , the methodology loops back to decision block 2336 . If the value in resources, the cinch latch timer is greater than T 2 , the the battlefield and beyond american civil war, methodology proceeds to esl block 2344 where cinch motor 412 and cinch clutch 416 are turned off. The methodology proceeds to block 2352 where a DTC is stored in world hunger outline, the memory of control module 54 which aids technicians in esl, evaluating failures in why become a veterinarian essay, the power sliding door system 10 and resources also causes control module 54 to essays history disable the resources esl, automatic operation of sliding door 36 . Referring back to decision block 2336 , if hold open switch 964 is open, the methodology proceeds to block 2356 where drive clutch 206 is turned on.

The methodology next proceeds to block 2360 where drive motor 210 is turned on and the PSDI subroutine is started. Reflective On Teaching Practicum. The methodology then proceeds to decision block 2364 where the speed of resources, drive motor 210 is evaluated. If the speed of drive motor 210 is not greater than SPD, the methodology proceeds to block 2368 where a DTC is stored in control module 54 which aids in the trouble shooting of power sliding door system 10 , but which does not disable the operation of sliding door 36 in and beyond essays on the american civil war, a fully automatic mode. The methodology proceeds to block 2196 and progresses as described above. Returning to resources decision block 2364 , if the speed of drive motor 210 is greater than SPD, the methodology proceeds to block 2372 where cinch motor 412 and cinch clutch 416 are turned off. The Battlefield And Beyond Essays War. The methodology proceeds to bubble 2376 and progresses along branch 4 . Resources. With brief reference to FIG. 36, the methodology proceeds along branch 4 from bubble 2376 to block 2144 and progresses as described above. With reference to FIG.

37, the the battlefield on the civil, PSDI subroutine is entered through bubble 3000 and proceeds to decision block 3004 where the methodology determines if ignition switch 980 is being operated to start engine 42 . If ignition switch 980 is being operated to start engine 42 , the methodology proceeds to decision block 3008 where the methodology determines if sliding door 36 is being operated in resources, either an the battlefield and beyond essays on the american civil, opening cycle or a closing cycle. If sliding door 36 is not being operated in either an opening cycle or a closing cycle, the esl, methodology loops back to bubble 3000 . If sliding door 36 is being operated in types of toefl, either an esl, opening cycle or a closing cycle, the methodology proceeds to world hunger essay outline block 3012 where control module 54 determines if drive motor 210 or cinch motor 412 and cinch clutch 416 are operating and halts their operation. The methodology loops back to bubble 3000 . If ignition switch 980 is not being operated to esl start engine 42 in decision block 3004 , the methodology proceeds to decision block 3014 where the methodology determines whether a fuel door 3015 pivotably coupled to vehicle body 14 is in an open position in the path of sliding door 36 . Preferably, the methodology determines the position of fuel door 3015 from a fuel door position sensor 3015 a which produces a fuel door position sensor signal indicative of the position of fuel door 3015 . Preferably, fuel door position sensor 3015 a is a limit switch which produces a digital signal in response to essays on the american the placement of fuel door 3015 into or removal of fuel door 3015 from its closed position. Alternatively, the obstacle detection methodology may also be employed to determine whether fuel door 3015 has been positioned in the path of sliding door 36 . If the methodology determines that fuel door 3015 has been placed in resources, the path of civil, sliding door 36 , the esl, methodology proceeds to decision block 3008 and on the war proceeds as described above. If fuel door 3015 has not been placed in the path of sliding door 36 , the methodology proceeds to resources esl decision block 3016 . In decision block 3016 the methodology determines if the operation of sliding door 36 was interrupted by the operation of ignition switch 980 or the the battlefield essays war, placement of fuel door 3015 in the path of resources, sliding door 36 . If the operation of why become a veterinarian essay, sliding door 36 was not interrupted by the operation of ignition switch 980 or the placement of fuel door 3015 , the methodology proceeds to decision block 3024 . Resources. If the operation of sliding door 36 was interrupted by the operation of ignition switch 980 or the thesis, placement of resources, fuel door 3015 , the methodology proceeds to block 3020 where control module 54 causes drive motor 210 or cinch motor 412 and cinch clutch 416 to resume their operation. The methodology proceeds to decision block 3024 . In decision block 3024 , the methodology determines if vehicle 12 is essay being operated in one of the park and neutral gear settings. If vehicle 12 is not being operated in resources, one of the park and neutral gear settings, the methodology proceeds to decision block 3028 where the methodology determines if sliding door 36 is being operated in either an opening cycle or a closing cycle. If sliding door 36 is not being operated in either an opening cycle or a closing cycle, the methodology loops back to decision block 3004 . If sliding door 36 is being operated in either an opening cycle or a closing cycle, the methodology proceeds to block 3032 where the methodology determines if sliding door 36 is being operated in an opening cycle. If sliding door 36 is history not being operated in resources, an opening cycle, the reflective essay on teaching practicum, methodology loops back to decision block 3004 . If sliding door 36 is being operated in an opening cycle, the methodology proceeds to resources block 3036 where the current direction of drive motor 210 is reversed and the logic for the HEC is adjusted to alter the value in the HEC in accordance with the new direction in which sliding door 36 is being moved. The methodology then loops back to decision block 3004 . Returning to decision block 3024 , if vehicle 12 is reflective essay being operated in esl, one of the park and neutral gear settings, the types of toefl essays, methodology proceeds to resources decision block 3048 where the methodology evaluates the speed of vehicle 12 . If the speed of thesis, vehicle is not approximately 0 miles per hour, the methodology proceeds to resources esl decision block 3028 . If the speed of essays in swedish history, vehicle 12 is resources esl approximately 0 miles per hour in decision block 3048 , the methodology proceeds to decision block 3052 where the essay outline, status of resources esl, child guard switch 966 is evaluated. If child guard switch 966 is open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 3056 where the the battlefield essays on the civil, methodology determines if the C 55 command to initiate the automatic actuation of resources esl, sliding door 36 was issued in response to a request from internal switch 134 ?. If the reflective essay, C 55 command was issued in response to a request from internal switch 134 ?, the methodology proceeds to block 3060 where drive motor 210 , drive clutch 206 , cinch motor 412 and cinch clutch 416 are turned off.

The methodology then loops back to resources decision block 3004 . If the C 55 command was not issued in essay, response to a request from internal switch 134 ?, the methodology proceeds to esl decision block 3064 where the status of geology writing, handle switch 146 is esl evaluated. A Veterinarian Essay. If handle switch 146 is open, the resources, methodology proceeds to block 3060 . If handle switch 146 is not open, the methodology proceeds to decision block 3068 where the methodology determines if sliding door 36 is being operated in the battlefield essays american civil, either an opening cycle or a closing cycle. If sliding door 36 is not being operated in resources esl, either an opening cycle or a closing cycle, the methodology proceeds to bubble 3072 where the subroutine terminates. If sliding door 36 is being operated in essay, either an opening cycle or a closing cycle, the methodology loops back to decision block 3004 . While the invention has been described in the specification and illustrated in the drawings with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in resources esl, the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the essay, scope of the invention as defined in the claims. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to resources esl the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. A Veterinarian Essay. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment illustrated by the drawings and described in the specification as the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include any embodiments falling within the description of the appended claims.

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50 Inspiring Resume Designs: And What You Can Learn From Them. Your resume or CV may be one of the most important projects you ever design. It can make or break job applications, open doors to new careers, make a great (or dismal) first impression. When you send out your resume, you’re really sending out a piece of resources esl yourself. Five Of Toefl Essays. So make sure it’s representing you to your best advantage. Just like how you dress your best for an interview, it’s important to give your resume the resources same treatment — to make sure it’s polished and presentable. The 50 resume designs below span a wide range of styles, from strictly businesslike to ultra creative — browse through them to get some ideas for updating your own resume. History. Designing your own is easy with our wide collection of beautiful resume templates.

Click the resources image to see more resume templates. The Battlefield On The American Civil. Starting off your resume strong with a bold header, like in this design by Shed Labs for Loft Resumes, draws attention to your name and makes it more memorable. You can also include a few keywords or descriptors under your name that sum up who you are as a candidate. This chessboard-style layout is certainly striking, giving each category its own distinct space. Resources. But Mikha Makhoul’s resume is still somewhat subdued thanks to in swedish history the simple black-and-white color scheme; it doesn’t sacrifice professionalism for visual interest. Resources Esl. Some well-placed shadows can make your resume pop, literally — giving it a 3D appearance and types essays, creating the illusion of resources depth. Errol Veloso explains how he chose the colors of his design purposefully: blue to symbolize his creative side and red to symbolize his analytic side. Try using shapes and frames for a veterinarian essay, emphasis. You can experiment with geometric shapes (circles, squares, rectangles), ribbons, or solid or dashed lines.

Here, Michael Long frames his name and his role to help them stand out. A cohesive color scheme of esl cool blues and hunger, minty hues gives this information-packed, infographic-style resume by Joseph Acena a visual theme and resources, an orderly, coordinated look. Using a horizontal orientation (instead of the traditional vertical format) immediately gives your resume an edge in terms of hunger essay outline attracting attention. Other strong points of this design by Justin Schueler include a balanced, un-crowded layout and plenty of negative space. Esl. There seems to essays in swedish be a trend, at least in industries where you can take some risks with your resume, to forget the stuffy business lingo and show that there’s a human behind the esl piece of paper. Using a more conversational tone, as David Elgena has done with his “Hello, nice to meet you. Geology Writing. Here’s a little about resources, me” header at five types of toefl the top of this resume, may help you create rapport with the person who’s reviewing your application before you even meet them. This resume by Kyle Robertson features a custom crest with Kyle’s name and a catchy tagline. Creating a distinctive personal brand or style for yourself (such as a personal logo, a color scheme, a nice selection of fonts, etc.) gives your work an extra sheen of resources esl professionalism (and an opportunity to the battlefield on the american show off your abilities).

Plus, once you put the work in, this “brand” is something you can use over and over again — on letterhead, business cards, social media profiles, you name it. Esl. For a unique take on traditional resume colors, try light text on a dark background, as Abdullah Al Mamun has done here. Just make sure that your font is weighty enough to be easily readable and not get lost against in swedish, the background. This clean resume by Patrick Rogan uses a bright splash of color and whittles down the information to only the basics (skills and esl, past positions). Five Types Of Toefl Essays. Icons in the skills section provide a visual reference that still complements the simplistic style. Printing your resume on textured paper can give an impression of quality, craftsmanship, or luxury. Resources Esl. If a color other than white seems inappropriate for your industry, try a white or cream-colored paper with a slight texture for an ultra-professional, upscale look. This example by S.N.

Carter, printed on five a recycled or kraft-style paper, gives the resume a custom, hand-printed feel. Resources. When applying for a position where a more creative approach isn’t appropriate, it’s always a safe bet to the battlefield essays war opt for a simple, text-based resume with clean fonts. Here, Frank Schamhart has embellished his resume slightly with minimal use of an esl accent color and essays in swedish history, a small personal portrait. If you’re after a job in the arts or some other highly visual industry, make your resume a mini portfolio like illustrator Rianti Hidayat has done here. Bradley Brooks keeps his resume businesslike with a classic black-and-white color scheme, but livens things up with a modular layout and a personal logo. Infographic-style resumes have become popular, and they can be effective when done well. But they should be more than a collection of pretty pictures; the images should, at a glance, tell something about resources, you and geology thesis, complement or enhance the text, like in this resume design by esl Rachel Winter. If you’re seeking work in an industry where appearance is important, or the job has asked you to include a portrait, try integrating it into five types of toefl your resume. It doesn’t have to be the center of attention, though — you can make it a bit more subtle by using a small picture or placing it behind a colored screen, like in resources esl, Egotype’s resume template. History. Mailing out some resumes?

Make opening yours up a memorable experience, like Amber Van Mieghem has done with this clever folding resume. Wishing you could infuse a little creativity into your plain, corporate resume? Try a monogram with your initials, like Bill Mawhinney has done for this resume template. It adds a little style while still keeping the resources esl overall presentation very businesslike. A Veterinarian Essay. You can use the same graphic on your cover letter to give your application a polished, pulled-together look. If you have some creative leeway in creating your resume, using a non-rectangular shape will be sure to attract attention, like John Mujica’s round resume does here. If you do format your resume in esl, any unusual shape, just make sure all the text is readable. You’ve only essay outline, got one name. Resources Esl. Make it memorable. If it’s unique, highlight it.

Make it big and bold, like Fredrik Andresen did on his resume. Give the hiring manager something to zero in on. American. Your font choices can change the whole character of your resume. For instance, the rounded fonts with soft edges that Louis Omari has used for his resume have a more casual, friendly feel than sharper, serif fonts might have. Need to show your qualifications on the run? Post your resume online and resources, make it mobile-friendly, like Julien Renvoye has done. You can include your resume on your personal website or even post it to networking platforms like LinkedIn. The Battlefield Essays On The War. Use blocks of color and/or lines to resources esl separate different sections of your resume, give it structure, and make it easy to navigate visually.

This template from Beautiful Resumes features vibrant colors, but you could just as easily get the same effect with a more subtle color scheme. Writing. If you’re going the infographic route, think of effective ways that you can use different types of graphs to represent your skills, experience, or background, like Martin Suster did here. Resources Esl. Organizing your resume with columns, like this three-column layout Anton Yermolov used, keeps the information tidy, creates clear divisions between sections, and helps you keep everything sharply aligned. Use a sidebar in on teaching practicum, your resume to esl call attention to extra (or extra important) information that you want to highlight. Geology Thesis Writing. Here, Ola Hamdy used a colored sidebar to esl separate her personal and the battlefield and beyond essays on the, contact information from resources her educational and professional details. World Outline. Although this resume design is text-heavy, Gershom Charig mixes things up with a two-color scheme and a word cloud to resources esl creatively represent the breadth of his skills and experience. Five Of Toefl. Similar in function to the word cloud above, various sizes of resources esl circles represent Silviu Schiau’s proficiency in essays history, various areas, such as management and design. The size of the circles corresponds with his amount of experience — a fresh way to illustrate core competencies. Esl. Give the person looking at your resume an excuse to find out a veterinarian essay, more about resources, you. Including a link to your website or portfolio (or even a QR code, as Krysten Newby has done here) acts as a good prompt.

If your job history includes working for big companies with recognizable logos, feature them on your resume. Tamas Leb has included space to the battlefield and beyond on the do so on this resume template, and it makes an esl impressive statement, even at essay a glance. For creative resumes, a theme can give you a starting point to resources esl build a one-of-a-kind design and think about innovative ways to present your information. Here, Peter Kisteman’s laboratory theme makes a strong visual statement and the battlefield american war, gives his artistic background a scientific, experimental dimension. Putting your resume in a folder or other kind of holder gives you more space to showcase your experience and esl, accomplishments, plus the extra tactile feature makes it memorable, as with this design from S1M. The vertical timeline on the outside offers an a veterinarian essay immediate visual representation of the candidate’s career history.

This traditional black, white, and gray design by resources Brice Seraphin brightens up quite nicely with some turquoise as an accent. This can be done with any color (and you may want to the battlefield and beyond american war tone it down depending on your industry), but vibrant hues have particular impact. Besides being another nice example of using an accent color, this design by Adam Rozmus keeps things clean and simple, showing that resumes don’t have to be fancy to make a good impression. Resources Esl. If competition is stiff, try standing out with a resume package that gives you some space to demonstrate your abilities, develop a personal brand, and include more information than the limited area of a one-page resume allows for. Here, Sabrae Precure uses a distinct color scheme and custom illustrations to stand out from the crowd.

This resume by Gabriel Valdivia combines a traditional format (the typical positions, dates, and short descriptions) with pictorial elements that provide a more personal touch. As if to say that a normal paper resume just won’t cut it, Alison Root got clever with her resume presentation, which demonstrates that she thinks outside the box. This sample resume from Rahul Chakraborty features bold typography and bright colors for a high-impact look that will make people take notice. There may be times when it’s ok to let your sense of world hunger outline humor shine through in your resume; it makes you more relatable, more likable. For instance, check out the pronunciation guide Nick Iannuccilli provided for his difficult last name. Using a border is a good way to add a little bit of color to your resume, as Evelien Callens has done here, without worrying about looking unprofessional. Stylistically, this design is esl a good compromise between customary and more creative resumes.

The two-color, mostly traditional layout uses graphic elements sparingly but purposefully. As a nice touch, Dan Hernandez has branded his cover letter with the same style, which is a smart idea if your job application involves submitting multiple documents. Types. Sometimes you have to do what you can to get noticed. For an illustrator like Lucia Paul, hand-drawing her resume is esl both appropriate for the battlefield and beyond essays on the civil war, her industry and gives her a standout way to display her skills. Big, bold typography, a high-contrast color scheme, and a well-organized presentation all combine to resources make sure Joao Andrade’s resume gets looked at. Types Of Toefl Essays. No long-winded explanations of job roles here. Just the essentials — enough to get someone interested in wanting to know more about Gianina Santiago and her background.

Clean, sans-serif fonts, relatively little text, and esl, lots of reflective essay on teaching practicum white space give Maxat Malbekov’s resume a sleek look that’s easy to achieve if you condense your resume down to only the most relevant information. If you have a lot of information you need to fit on one page, take a tip from this design by esl Halle Rasco and use easy-to-read fonts and clear headings for each section. And Beyond American Civil War. Need to keep your resume fairly conservative? A two-column layout with a businesslike blue-gray accent color gives this otherwise traditional resume from ResumeBaker some extra interest. Syril Bobadilla’s illustrations are whimsical and resources, kid-friendly, and her resume reflects that style. Notice how she also created matching business cards for a cohesive personal brand. Even if your industry doesn’t allow as much creative expression as someone in the arts, you can express your personality in more subtle ways, like through font choices or an accent color. Resumes don’t always have to read from left to right, top to bottom. The Battlefield And Beyond On The. You can play with the layout of your resume to esl make the best and most visually interesting use of the space you have available, like Milena Filipova has done here.

You can use a grid structure to organize your resume and make it easier to navigate, similarly to how Orlando Silva designed this template. If applicable, you might also try including some pieces from your portfolio right on the resume (so your abilities are on display at first glance). As you can see from the examples above, there are many approaches you can take to designing your resume. But no matter what style or format you choose, there are a few things you want to make sure to get right: Readable text Industry-appropriate style (if unsure, play it safe with a conservative design.) Updated and accurate information No spelling/grammar errors. Now it#8217;s your turn. Put these skills into action! Bring great design to your entire workplace. Essay. Janie is a freelance writer and graphic designer and resources esl, the owner of Design Artistree Creative Studio. After college, she built on her background in art to explore design. and loved it. Now, she enjoys finding ways to geology thesis writing combine the craftsmanship of traditional fine arts with the digital possibilities of graphic design. Design The Perfect Google+ Banner Image With Tips And E. 50 Unique and Engaging About Us Pages to Inspire You.

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Essays, Moral, Political, and resources, Literary. Liberty Fund, Inc. MORAL, POLITICAL, AND LITERARY. #x005B;under the title of Political Discourses #x005D; THE greater part of mankind may be divided into two classes; that of shallow thinkers, who fall short of the truth; and that of abstruse thinkers, who go beyond it. The latter class are by far the most rare: and I may add, by far the most useful and valuable. Hunger Essay Outline? They suggest hints, at least, and start difficulties, which they want, perhaps, skill to pursue; but which may produce fine discoveries, when handled by esl men who have a more just way of world hunger essay outline, thinking. At worst, what they say is uncommon; and if it should cost some pains to comprehend it, one has, however, the pleasure of hearing something that is new. An author is little to be valued, who tells us nothing but what we can learn from every coffee-house conversation.

All people of shallow thought are apt to decry even those of solid understanding, as abstruse thinkers, and esl, metaphysicians, and refiners; and never will allow any thing to be just which is beyond their own weak conceptions. There are some cases, I own, where an essay outline, extraordinary refinement affords a strong presumption of falsehood, and resources, where no reasoning is to american civil, be trusted but what is natural and easy. Esl? When a man deliberates concerning his conduct in any particular affair, and reflective practicum, forms schemes in politics, trade, #x0153;conomy, or any business in life, he never ought to esl, draw his arguments too fine, or connect too long a chain of consequences together. Something is sure to happen, that will disconcert his reasoning, and produce an event different from what he expected. But when we reason upon general subjects, one may justly affirm, that our speculations can scarcely ever be too fine, provided they be just; and that the difference between a common man and a man of genius is chiefly seen in the shallowness or depth of the principles upon civil which they proceed. General reasonings seem intricate, merely because they are general; nor is it easy for the bulk of mankind to distinguish, in esl a great number of why become, particulars, that common circumstance in which they all agree, or to extract it, pure and unmixed, from the other superfluous circumstances. Every judgment or conclusion, with them, is esl particular.

They cannot enlarge their view to those universal propositions, which comprehend under them an infinite number of individuals, and include a whole science in a single theorem. Their eye is thesis confounded with such an extensive prospect; and the conclusions, derived from it, even though clearly expressed, seem intricate and obscure. But however intricate they may seem, it is certain, that general principles, if just and sound, must always prevail in the general course of things, though they may fail in particular cases; and it is the chief business of philosophers to regard the general course of things. I may add, that it is also the chief business of politicians; especially in the domestic government of the resources, state, where the public good, which is, or ought to be their object, depends on the concurrence of a multitude of causes; *1 not, as in foreign politics, on accidents and chances, and in swedish, the caprices of a few persons. This therefore makes the difference between particular deliberations and general reasonings, and renders subtilty and refinement much more suitable to the latter than to the former. I thought this introduction necessary before the following discourses on commerce, money, interest, balance of esl, trade, c. a where, perhaps, there will occur some principles which are uncommon, and which may seem too refined and subtile for such vulgar subjects. Thesis Writing? If false, let them be rejected: But no one ought to entertain a prejudice against them, merely because they are out of the common road. The greatness of esl, a state, and of toefl essays, the happiness of its subjects, how independent soever they may be supposed in some respects, are commonly allowed to resources, be inseparable with regard to commerce; and as private men receive greater security, in the possession of five types of toefl, their trade and riches, from the power of the public, so the esl, public becomes powerful in proportion to the opulence and extensive commerce of private men.

This maxim is true in general; though I cannot forbear thinking, that it may possibly admit of exceptions, and hunger essay, that we often establish it with too little reserve and limitation. Resources? There may be some circumstances, where the commerce and riches and luxury of individuals, instead of adding strength to the public, will serve only to thin its armies, and diminish its authority among the neighbouring nations. Man is a very variable being, and susceptible of world hunger outline, many different opinions, principles, and rules of conduct. What may be true, while he adheres to one way of thinking, will be found false, when he has embraced an opposite set of manners and opinions. The bulk of every state may be divided into husbandmen and manufacturers. The former are employed in the culture of the land; the latter work up the resources esl, materials furnished by world hunger essay the former, into resources all the commodities which are necessary or ornamental to human life.

As soon as men quit their savage state, where they live chiefly by hunting and fishing, they must fall into these two classes; though the arts of agriculture employ at first the most numerous part of the society. Essays History? *2 Time and experience improve so much these arts, that the land may easily maintain a much greater number of men, than those who are immediately employed in its culture, or who furnish the more necessary manufactures to such as are so employed. If these superfluous hands apply themselves to the finer arts, which are commonly denominated the resources esl, arts of luxury, they add to the happiness of the state; since they afford to many the opportunity of receiving enjoyments, with which they would otherwise have been unacquainted. But may not another scheme be proposed for the employment of these superfluous hands? May not the sovereign lay claim to them, and employ them in reflective on teaching fleets and armies, to encrease the resources, dominions of the state abroad, and world hunger essay outline, spread its fame over distant nations? It is resources certain that the fewer desires and wants are found in the proprietors and essays, labourers of land, the esl, fewer hands do they employ; and consequently the superfluities of the land, instead of essays in swedish, maintaining tradesmen and manufacturers, may support fleets and armies to a much greater extent, than where a great many arts are required to minister to the luxury of particular persons.

Here therefore seems to be a kind of opposition between the greatness of the state and esl, the happiness of the subject. A state is never greater than when all its superfluous hands are employed in the service of the public. Five Of Toefl? The ease and convenience of private persons require, that these hands should be employed in their service. The one can never be satisfied, but at the expence of the other. As the ambition of the sovereign must entrench on#x00B0; the luxury of individuals; so the luxury of resources esl, individuals must diminish the force, and check the ambition of the sovereign.

Nor is this reasoning merely chimerical; but is founded on reflective on teaching practicum history and experience. Resources? The republic of essay practicum, SPARTA was certainly more powerful than any state now in the world, consisting of an equal number of esl, people; and history, this was owing entirely to the want of commerce and luxury. The HELOTES were the labourers: The SPARTANS were the resources, soldiers or gentlemen. It is five types evident, that the labour of the HELOTES could not have maintained so great a number of esl, SPARTANS, had these latter lived in ease and delicacy, and given employment to a great variety of trades and manufactures. The like policy may be remarked in why become a veterinarian essay ROME.

And indeed, throughout all ancient history, it is observable, that the smallest republics raised and maintained greater armies, than states consisting of triple the resources, number of essays in swedish, inhabitants, are able to support at present. It is computed, that, in all EUROPEAN nations, the proportion between soldiers and people does not exceed one to a hundred. But we read, that the city of esl, ROME alone, with its small territory, raised and maintained, in early times, ten legions against the LATINS. *3 ATHENS, the whole of whose dominions was not larger than YORKSHIRE, sent to the expedition against SICILY near forty thousand men. *4 DIONYSIUS the elder, it is hunger outline said, maintained a standing army of a hundred thousand foot and resources, ten thousand horse, besides a large fleet of four hundred sail; *5 though his territories extended no farther than the city of SYRACUSE, about a third of the island of SICILY, and some sea-port towns and garrisons on the coast of ITALY and ILLYRICUM. *6 It is true, the the battlefield essays on the american war, ancient armies, in time of war, subsisted much upon resources esl plunder: But did not the enemy plunder in their turn? which was a more ruinous way of essay, levying a tax, than any other that could be devised. In short, no probable reason can be assigned for the great power of the more ancient states above the modern, but their want of commerce and resources, luxury. Few artizans were maintained by the labour of the farmers, and therefore more soldiers might live upon it. LIVY says, that ROME, in his time, would find it difficult to essays in swedish, raise as large an esl, army as that which, in her early days, she sent out against the GAULS and LATINS. Geology Writing? *7 Instead of those soldiers who fought for liberty and empire in CAMILLUS'S time, there were, in AUGUSTUS'S days, musicians, painters, cooks, players, and tailors; and if the land was equally cultivated at both periods, it could certainly maintain equal numbers in esl the one profession as in the other. They added nothing to reflective on teaching practicum, the mere necessaries of life, in the latter period more than in the former.

It is esl natural on this occasion to ask, whether sovereigns may not return to the maxims of ancient policy, and consult their own interest in this respect, more than the happiness of their subjects? I answer, that it appears to me, almost impossible; and that because ancient policy was violent, and contrary to the more natural and usual course of things. It is well known with what peculiar laws SPARTA was governed, and what a prodigy that republic is justly esteemed by of toefl every one, who has considered human nature as it has displayed itself in other nations, and other ages. Were the testimony of history less positive and circumstantial,#x00B0; such a government would appear a mere philosophical whim or fiction, and impossible ever to be reduced to practice. And though the ROMAN and other ancient republics were supported on principles somewhat more natural, yet was there an extraordinary concurrence of circumstances to make them submit to such grievous burthens.#x00B0; They were free states; they were small ones; and esl, the age being martial, all their neighbours were continually in arms.

Freedom naturally begets public spirit, especially in small states; and this public spirit, this amor patri#x00E6;, #x00B0; must encrease, when the public is why become essay almost in resources continual alarm, and men are obliged, every moment, to expose themselves to the greatest dangers for its defence. A continual succession of wars makes every citizen a soldier: He takes the field in his turn: And during his service he is chiefly maintained by himself. This service is essays indeed equivalent to a heavy tax; yet is it less felt by a people addicted to arms, who fight for honour and resources, revenge more than pay, and are unacquainted with gain and industry as well as pleasure. *8 Not to mention the great equality of fortunes among the inhabitants of the ancient republics, where every field, belonging to a different proprietor, was able to maintain a family, and rendered the why become a veterinarian essay, numbers of citizens very considerable, even without trade and manufactures. But though the want of trade and manufactures, among a free and very martial people, may sometimes have no other effect than to render the public more powerful, it is certain, that, in the common course of esl, human affairs, it will have a quite contrary tendency. Thesis? Sovereigns must take mankind as they find them, and cannot pretend to introduce any violent change in their principles and ways of thinking. A long course of time, with a variety of accidents and circumstances, are requisite to produce those great revolutions, which so much diversify the face of human affairs. And the less natural any set of principles are, which support a particular society, the more difficulty will a legislator meet with in raising and cultivating them. It is resources his best policy to in swedish history, comply with the common bent of mankind, and give it all the improvements of which it is susceptible.

Now, according to the most natural course of things, industry and arts and esl, trade encrease the essays history, power of the sovereign as well as the happiness of the subjects; and that policy is violent, which aggrandizes the public by the poverty of individuals. This will easily appear from a few considerations, which will present to us the consequences of sloth and barbarity. Where manufactures and resources esl, mechanic arts are not cultivated, the bulk of the world hunger essay, people must apply themselves to agriculture; and if their skill and industry encrease, there must arise a great superfluity from their labour beyond what suffices to maintain them. Resources? They have no temptation, therefore, to encrease their skill and industry; since they cannot exchange that superfluity for any commodities, which may serve either to their pleasure or vanity. A habit of indolence naturally prevails. The greater part of the land lies uncultivated. What is cultivated, yields not its utmost for want of essay, skill and assiduity in the farmers. If at resources any time the public exigencies require, that great numbers should be employed in the public service, the labour of the people furnishes now no superfluities, by which these numbers can be maintained. Essay? The labourers cannot encrease their skill and resources, industry on a sudden.#x00B0; Lands uncultivated cannot be brought into tillage for some years. The armies, mean while, must either make sudden and violent conquests, or disband for want of geology thesis, subsistence. A regular attack or defence, therefore, is not to be expected from such a people, and their soldiers must be as ignorant and unskilful as their farmers and manufacturers.

Every thing in the world is resources purchased by labour; and our passions are the only causes of geology writing, labour. When a nation abounds in resources manufactures and mechanic arts, the proprietors of land, as well as the farmers, study agriculture as a science, and redouble their industry and attention. The superfluity, which arises from their labour, is not lost; but is exchanged with manufactures for those commodities, which men's luxury now makes them covet. By this means, land furnishes a great deal more of the necessaries of essays in swedish history, life, than what suffices for those who cultivate it. Esl? In times of the battlefield essays on the, peace and tranquillity, this superfluity goes to resources esl, the maintenance of manufacturers, and why become a veterinarian essay, the improvers of esl, liberal arts.

But it is easy for the public to convert many of these manufacturers into soldiers, and maintain them by that superfluity, which arises from the labour of the farmers. Accordingly we find, that this is the case in all civilized governments. When the sovereign raises an army, what is the consequence? He imposes a tax. This tax obliges all the people to retrench#x00B0; what is reflective essay least necessary to their subsistence. Those, who labour in such commodities, must either enlist in the troops, or turn themselves to esl, agriculture, and thereby oblige some labourers to enlist for want of business. And to consider the matter abstractedly, manufactures encrease the power of the state only as they store up so much labour, and that of a kind to which the public may lay claim, without depriving any one of the five of toefl essays, necessaries of life. The more labour, therefore, is resources employed beyond mere necessaries, the more powerful is any state; since the persons engaged in that labour may easily be converted to the public service. In a state without manufactures, there may be the same number of hands; but there is essays in swedish not the same quantity of labour, nor of the same kind. All the labour is there bestowed upon necessaries, which can admit of resources, little or no abatement.#x00B0;

Thus the greatness of the sovereign and hunger essay, the happiness of the state are, in a great measure, united with regard to trade and manufactures. It is a violent method, and in most cases impracticable, to oblige the resources esl, labourer to toil, in order to raise from the land more than what subsists himself and family. Furnish him with manufactures and commodities, and he will do it of himself. Afterwards you will find it easy to seize some part of his superfluous labour, and employ it in the public service, without giving him his wonted#x00B0; return. Being accustomed to industry, he will think this less grievous, than if, at the battlefield essays on the american war once, you obliged him to an augmentation of esl, labour without any reward. The case is the same with regard to thesis writing, the other members of the state. The greater is the stock of labour of all kinds, the greater quantity may be taken from the heap, without making any sensible alteration in resources esl it.

A public granary of corn, a storehouse of cloth, a magazine of geology writing, arms; all these must be allowed real riches and strength in any state. Trade and industry are really nothing but a stock of labour, which, in esl times of peace and tranquillity, is employed for the ease and satisfaction of individuals; but in the exigencies of state, may, in part, be turned to world essay outline, public advantage. Could we convert a city into a kind of fortified camp, and infuse into each breast so martial a genius, and such a passion for public good, as to make every one willing to undergo the greatest hardships for the sake of the public; these affections might now, as in ancient times, prove alone a sufficient spur to industry, and esl, support the outline, community. It would then be advantageous, as in resources camps, to banish all arts and luxury; and, by restrictions on equipage and tables, make the provisions and reflective on teaching, forage last longer than if the army were loaded with a number of superfluous retainers. But as these principles are too disinterested and too difficult to support, it is requisite to govern men by other passions, and animate them with a spirit of avarice and industry, art and luxury. The camp is, in this case, loaded with a superfluous retinue; but the provisions flow in proportionably larger. The harmony of the resources esl, whole is still supported; and the natural bent of the five types essays, mind being more complied with, individuals, as well as the public, find their account in the observance of those maxims. The same method of reasoning will let us see the advantage of foreign commerce, in augmenting the power of the state, as well as the riches and resources, happiness of the subject. It encreases the five types, stock of labour in the nation; and esl, the sovereign may convert what share of it he finds necessary to the service of the public.

Foreign trade, by its imports, furnishes materials for new manufactures; and by in swedish its exports, it produces labour in particular commodities, which could not be consumed at home. In short, a kingdom, that has a large import and export, must abound more with industry, and that employed upon delicacies and luxuries, than a kingdom which rests contented with its native commodities. It is, therefore, more powerful, as well as richer and happier. The individuals reap the benefit of these commodities, so far as they gratify the senses and resources, appetites. Essay? And the public is also a gainer, while a greater stock of labour is, by this means, stored up against any public exigency; that is, a greater number of laborious men are maintained, who may be diverted to the public service, without robbing any one of the necessaries, or even the chief conveniencies of life. If we consult history, we shall find, that, in most nations, foreign trade has preceded any refinement in esl home manufactures, and given birth to reflective practicum, domestic luxury. The temptation is stronger to make use of foreign commodities, which are ready for use, and which are entirely new to us, than to make improvements on esl any domestic commodity, which always advance by slow degrees, and never affect us by their novelty.

The profit is also very great, in exporting what is superfluous at home, and what bears no price, to foreign nations, whose soil or climate is not favourable to that commodity. Thus men become acquainted with the pleasures of a veterinarian essay, luxury and the profits of commerce; and their delicacy and industry, being once awakened, carry them on to farther improvements, in every branch of domestic as well as foreign trade. And this perhaps is the esl, chief advantage which arises from a commerce with strangers. It rouses men from geology writing their indolence; and presenting the gayer and more opulent part of the nation with objects of luxury, which they never before dreamed of, raises in them a desire of a more splendid way of life than what their ancestors enjoyed. Resources Esl? And at the same time, the essays in swedish, few merchants, who possess the secret of this importation and exportation, make great profits; and becoming rivals in wealth to the ancient nobility, tempt other adventurers to become their rivals in commerce. Imitation soon diffuses all those arts; while domestic manufactures emulate the foreign in their improvements, and work up every home commodity to the utmost perfection of which it is susceptible. Their own steel and iron, in such laborious hands, become equal to the gold and esl, rubies of the INDIES. When the affairs of the writing, society are once brought to this situation, a nation may lose most of its foreign trade, and yet continue a great and powerful people. If strangers will not take any particular commodity of ours, we must cease to labour in it.

The same hands will turn themselves towards some refinement in other commodities, which may be wanted at home. And there must always be materials for them to work upon; till every person in the state, who possesses riches, enjoys as great plenty of home commodities, and those in as great perfection, as he desires; which can never possibly happen. CHINA is represented as one of the most flourishing empires in resources the world; though it has very little commerce beyond its own territories. It will not, I hope, be considered as a superfluous digression, if I here observe, that, as the multitude of mechanical arts is five types essays advantageous, so is the great number of persons to whose share the productions of these arts fall. A too great disproportion among the citizens weakens any state. Every person, if possible, ought to enjoy the fruits of his labour, in a full possession of all the necessaries, and many of the conveniencies of life. No one can doubt, but such an equality is most suitable to human nature, and diminishes much less from the happiness of the rich than it adds to that of the poor. It also augments the esl, power of the state, and makes any extraordinary taxes or impositions be paid with more chearfulness.

Where the riches are engrossed#x00B0; by a few, these must contribute very largely to the supplying of the public necessities. But when the riches are dispersed among multitudes, the burthen feels light on every shoulder, and the taxes make not a very sensible difference on any one's way of reflective essay practicum, living. Add to this, that, where the riches are in few hands, these must enjoy all the power, and will readily conspire to lay the whole burthen on the poor, and oppress them still farther, to the discouragement of all industry. In this circumstance consists the great advantage of ENGLAND above any nation at present in the world, or that appears in the records of any story. Resources Esl? It is true, the ENGLISH feel some disadvantages in foreign trade by the high price of labour, which is in part the effect of the riches of their artisans, as well as of the plenty of money: But as foreign trade is not the most material circumstance, it is not to be put in competition with the happiness of so many millions. And if there were no more to endear to them that free government under which they live, this alone were sufficient. The poverty of the common people is a natural, if not an infallible effect of absolute monarchy; though I doubt, whether it be always true, on the other hand, that their riches are an reflective practicum, infallible result of liberty. Liberty must be attended with particular accidents, and a certain turn of thinking, in order to produce that effect. Lord BACON, accounting for the great advantages obtained by the ENGLISH in their wars with FRANCE, ascribes them chiefly to the superior ease and plenty of the common people amongst the former; yet the government of the two kingdoms was, at that time, pretty much alike. *9 Where the labourers and artisans are accustomed to work for low wages, and to retain but a small part of the fruits of their labour, it is difficult for them, even in a free government, to better their condition, or conspire among themselves to heighten their wages. But even where they are accustomed to a more plentiful way of life, it is easy for the rich, in resources esl an arbitrary government, to conspire against them, and throw the whole burthen of the taxes on their shoulders.

It may seem an odd position, that the poverty of the common people in FRANCE, ITALY, and SPAIN, is, in some measure, owing to the superior riches of the soil and happiness of the essays in swedish history, climate; yet there want not reasons to justify this paradox. In such a fine mould or soil as that of esl, those more southern regions, agriculture is an easy art; and one man, with a couple of sorry#x00B0; horses, will be able, in a season, to cultivate as much land as will pay a pretty considerable rent to the proprietor. All the art, which the farmer knows, is to leave his ground fallow#x00B0; for a year, as soon as it is exhausted; and the warmth of the sun alone and temperature of the climate enrich it, and restore its fertility. Such poor peasants, therefore, require only a simple maintenance for their labour. They have no stock or riches, which claim more; and at the same time, they are for ever dependant on their landlord, who gives no leases, nor fears that his land will be spoiled by why become the ill methods of cultivation.

In ENGLAND, the land is rich, but coarse; must be cultivated at a great expence; and produces slender crops, when not carefully managed, and by resources esl a method which gives not the full profit but in a course of several years. A farmer, therefore, in ENGLAND must have a considerable stock, and a long lease; which beget proportional profits. The fine vineyards of CHAMPAGNE and BURGUNDY, *10 that often yield to essays history, the landlord above five pounds per acre, are cultivated by peasants, who have scarcely bread: The reason is, that such peasants need no stock but their own limbs, with instruments of husbandry, which they can buy for twenty shillings. The farmers are commonly in esl some better circumstances in those countries. But the grasiers#x00B0; are most at their ease of all those who cultivate the land. The reason is still the same. Men must have profits proportionable to their expence and hazard. Where so considerable a number of the labouring poor as the peasants and farmers are in very low circumstances, all the rest must partake of of toefl, their poverty, whether the government of that nation be monarchical or republican. We may form a similar remark with regard to the general history of mankind. What is the reason, why no people, living between the tropics, could ever yet attain to any art or civility, or reach even any police#x00B0; in their government, and any military discipline; while few nations in the temperate climates have been altogether deprived of these advantages?

It is probable that one cause of this ph#x00E6;nomenon is the warmth and esl, equality of weather in reflective on teaching the torrid zone, which render clothes and houses less requisite for the inhabitants, and thereby remove, in part, that necessity, which is the great spur to industry and invention. Curis acuens mortalia corda. Resources? *11 Not to mention, that the fewer goods or possessions of the battlefield on the american, this kind any people enjoy, the fewer quarrels are likely to arise amongst them, and the less necessity will there be for a settled police or regular authority to protect and esl, defend them from foreign enemies, or from each other.