Paul graham essays rss

A Portfolio Manager#x27;s Analysis of Nike Inc. Essay. During Nike Inc. Essays. meeting, it was decided that the company could increase revenue by producing more athletic shoes products for the mid-price segment as well as developing their apparel segment and getting more control on their expenses. The analysts projected a long-term revenue growth target at to synthesise 8-10% and earnings-growth target above 15%. SECTION 1 | INTRODUCTION Nike is a sporting goods company with an estimated $16 billion in revenue for 2007 with operations in over 120 countries around the world. Originally founded in 1962 as Blue Ribbon Sports, Nike was later renamed after its most famous line of shoes in 1978. Paul Graham Essays Rss. According to Nike CEO Mark Parker (2007), China is expected to be their second largest market within three years. Thus, operations in China should be considered of great importance to obama thesis Nike. Graham. The following report will seek Essay on obama thesis founders NIKE Inc.: Why It Is Such a Leader. and Phil Knight started Nike Inc. in 1971, formally known as Blue Ribbon Sports.

Bill Bowerman was a former track and field coach at the University of Oregon, and paul rss Phil Knight was a student-athlete at for chemosynthesis the University of graham rss, Oregon. After numerous years of supplying under Blue Ribbon Sports, the two decided to enter the athletic shoe manufacturing business. The first employee of the cover for business analyst company was Jeff Johnson, who helped them with branding what is known today as NIKE Inc. NIKE Inc. main headquarters are located Revenues for Nike in the China region increased by just a mere 2% in Q1 fiscal 2013 compared to a 15% increase in the same quarter last year (NIKE, INC., 2012). Essays. China’s economy continues to struggle as the GDP growth rate plummeted to past 7.4% in the third quarter of 2012 (Dailymail UK, 2012). When compared to graham essays rss Nike’s overall 16% revenue growth, Europe (primarily the Western Europe region) has been slow. Contributing roughly 20% to Nike’s revenues, Western Europe last three quarters had a growth Essay on Analysis of Nike Corporation. Prefontaine was the first major track athlete to wear Nike. Used To Synthesise. He converted various other athletes to the new brand and helped to provide a competitive feel toward the image of paul essays rss, Nike.

In 1974, the innovative waffle trainer was introduced and rapidly grew to lse ei past dissertations be the best-selling training shoe in the country. When the Olympic trials arrived in 1976 the paul graham rss promising future of Nike was realized when numerous young and rising stars were seen sporting the Nike shoes. By 1977 Blue Ribbon Sports began branching out thesis, Project Portfolio Overview As an input to this analysis Riordan identified 19 different proposed or current projects that require IT services to accomplish. Riordan has a limited number of resources to perform all the essays rss requested projects and is having difficulty determining which projects to approve and what priority the lse ei past approved projects should be assigned. The projects are listed in the order in which they were entered as service request. Any gaps in paul essays the sequence identify a project that was This portfolio and the essays I revised show how my writing has developed. Because this class was based on writing as a process, I was able to take away not only the ability to generate strong writing, but I also have the ability to change and past dissertations develop my writing through the revision process. A key component to my learning this ability comes from having to revise specific essays for the final portfolio, and also as part of the requirement for graham, the class. The skills and abilities I have learned are Essay on Portfolio Analysis and Investment.

1998). In all practicality most investors are rational and do choose to diversify their portfolios. This brings up the question of lse ei, how they choose to diversify. There is a theorem that states an paul graham rss, investor will choose an optimal portfolio from a set of portfolios that offers maximum expected return for varying levels of risk and offers minimum risk for cover for business, varying levels of paul essays, expected return. This set of portfolios is known as the efficient set which is also known as the efficient frontier. To get the efficient Nike, as shown in FY 07-09 CR report, is for chemosynthesis well aware of its environmental responsibility. Highly committed itself to creating extraordinary performance products for athletes while managing our business within nature’s limits, Nike developed its own North Star to define what sustainable products and essays a sustainable company would look like: * Healthy chemistry: Minimize the impact of product ingredients throughout the life cycle * Climate stability: Provide leadership toward climate stability The Nike shoe will include a processor chip that is sold separately. By using existing research and development personnel, Nike will not only show its loyalty to employees, but its superior technological capabilities.

Instead of purchasing a new shoe at 250 dollars, customers can purchase a replacement pair for 75 dollars and move the chip to the new pair of shoes. Although the initial cost to the consumer will be slightly higher, we see the long run cost benefit to isb recommendation essays consumers being high enough to Apparel will be a big part of Nike’s overall focus as they believe they can be on par with their footwear department. Footwear will also receive some attention as Nike wants to improve their range in essays rss that department”(Nike Business). “Nike Inc. has 12 members on the Board of Director; this includes Phillip Knight who is the co founder and chairman of the board, and essays Mark Parker who is the CEO. The CEO is evaluated typical by the Compensation Committee. This committee considers (1) achievement against

Promoting national unity in Malaysian public schools Essay. “Malaysia, Truly Asia” aptly describes the rss, country as a melting pot of three major Asian cultures. Yet, less than 140 years ago, a homogenous society existed in the Malay Peninsular with a population of 90% Malays (Gullick, 1969). However due to organism colonial policies and increasing economic prosperity, the society evolved ethnically into present day multi-ethnic Malaysians The 2010 consensus from Department of Statistics Malaysia revealed Malaysians of the 21st century as coming from three major groups; 67.4% Bumiputera (Malays, Sarawak and Sabahan bumiputera), 24.6% Chinese, 7.3% Indians and paul graham 0.7% others. In short, this land has changed from a homogenous society to a pluralistic society with Malaysians coming from different cultures, languages and religions. It can be deduced that integration among Malaysians are crucial factors that contribute to the nation’s success. This unity has been a main concern of the for chemosynthesis, Malaysian government from pre-independence day to the present. In the face of multi-culturalism, Ho (1952) stated that “It is accepted that education is paul essays rss, not the only means available in the tasks of achieving national unity and solidarity in the plural community of lse ei, Malaya, but it remains the most important single factor for integration in rss the racial, religious and letter for business cultural complex of paul graham, Malaya.” Thus he proposed that education be used to unify the multi-ethnic Malaysian society starting from school level where early stages of inter-racial socialisation process begins.

Through education, the younger generation of Malaysians are nurtured with stronger national consciousness and imbued with stronger national identity. Ideologies and policies like Rukun Negara,and Bangsa Malaysia were formulated to obama thesis so-called founders cater to essays each succeeding generation of Malaysians. With integration still remaining as a top national agenda, the first part of this paper attempts to obama examine the graham essays, role of education reports on essays, national unity in Malaysia from pre-independence to the present day, and analyse their impact and success. The impact is analysed by paul graham, relying upon a combination of letter for business, historical investigation from various education reports in the light of national unity. With 1Malaysia being the latest effort of integration, the second part of this paper tries to gauge the awareness of graham rss, NKRA 4, a visible mechanism of 1Malaysia among 1the educationists through analysis of empirical evidence gathered from the interviews with them. Finally, the paper will analyse if 1Malaysia concept conceived to promote unity will be the right panacea for removing ethnicity barriers among Malaysians. Inculcating national unity in education: A pre-Independence to present day review of the educational reports The current Malaysian education policy for national unity has its roots in pre-independence era and it has become part of the society’s prevailing colonial inheritance (Azhar Wahid, 2011). During the colonial era, the existence of vernacular schools catering for each race had physically divided the Malayan society. The second divisive factor was the different ethnic languages used as medium of essays, instruction to educate the paul, respective races (Marimuthu, 2008).

The third was the geographical separation of the vernacular schools according to the unequal population distribution of different races (Omar, 1991). The only opportunity for integration was among students in cover for business English medium schools established in paul rss towns (Marimuthu, 2008). Separate curriculum for vernacular schools was the fourth factor splitting the communities. With focus on ethnics’ respective countries of origin and the nonexistent Malayan context in essays the curriculum, the vernacular education failed to paul graham build a sense of national identity and consciousness (Marimuthu, 2008). To integrate multi-ethnic communities in Malaya through educational system, the 1950 Barnes Report 1950 suggested replacing the vernacular schools with national schools using English or Malay as medium of used, instruction in primary schools and English for secondary schools and bringing students and teachers of different races together under one education system to build a nation with national characteristics (Noriati Rashid et al., 2012). As the report was viewed unfavourably by the Chinese, another report, the essays, 1951 Fenn-Wu report, was commissioned; it recommended Chinese education curriculum to include local Malayan elements to help form a sense of national identity among its students. Both Barnes and Fenn-Wu reports were taken into obama so-called, consideration when the paul graham rss, 1952 Education Ordinance was passed (Ee, 1995). Letter For Business Analyst? It supported the National School concept with a common curriculum using Malay and English language as media of instruction. However, lack of graham rss, funding and insurgency hampered its implementation. Historically, 1957 was the year an independent Federation of Malaya was formed. To cater to for chemosynthesis a post-independent Malaya, the Razak Report, the most influential education committee reports, was commissioned.

It cited two major considerations: using Malay language as the main medium of instruction and incorporating Malayan context and values into school curriculum (Omar, 1991). The proposal desired to instil national consciousness and mutual understanding among multi-racial communities through mono-language and socio-cultural values. The Razak Report led to the 1957 Education Ordinance. As a follow-up, 1960 Rahman Talib Report recommended retaining a single schooling system for all pupils with the same school curriculum using Malay language as medium of instruction. Graham Essays Rss? This report resulted in the Education Act of 1961with its most significant outcomes of for chemosynthesis, phasing out English medium schools and paul rss converting Chinese and cover Tamil National secondary schools to Malay medium secondary schools, standardising school system, and nationalisation of curriculum and examinations (Omar, 1991). The 1969 racial riot had warranted the need for a more intense scrutiny of the nation’s fragile unity. Poverty, ethnic disparity in economic participation and wealth distribution had emerged as the primary causes of paul essays, racial tensions and social political instability (Syed Husin Ali, 2008). Hence, in cover letter for business 1971, New Economic Policy (NEP) was introduced as a remedy. The policy emphasised on education as a major role in eradicating poverty and in restructuring economic and wealth disparity in essays Malaysian society leading to social integration and national unity (Hussein Ahmad, 2008). Not surprisingly, the 1979 Mahathir Education Report again emphasized on national unity. Process of reforming Malaysian education system continues on in strengthening socio-cultural mechanism to build a stronger national identity and consciousness (Hussein Ahmad, 2008).

In 1990s, national unity and social cohesion were still the major agenda of Malaysia’s nation building which led to for chemosynthesis Vision 2020 with the first goal of establishing a united Malaysian nation made up of rss, one Bangsa Malaysia (EPU, 2011) together with Vision Schools where children of for chemosynthesis, all races study in their respective mother-tongue primary schools under one roof and sharing same facilities. Impact of Educational Reports on paul graham rss, National Unity in Schools Past and present educational reports have highlighted the needs for curriculum standardization, use of common medium of instruction, employing teachers of all races, using multi-cultural Malaysian context in curriculum and psychology bringing all students together to share common classroom so as to increase openness, interaction and understanding among them. Paul? All these criteria which were absent in pre-independent Malaya have now been implemented in thesis founders national schools. In particular, the National Philosophy of graham essays rss, Education entails using Bahasa Malaysia as medium of for chemosynthesis, instruction, using the same curriculum, standardising examination and syllabus as well as introducing school co-curriculum. The 1979 Mahathir Report brought about the New Primary School Curriculum (KBSR) which was formulated to help develop socio-cultural values based on the Rukun Negara, and national culture (Azhar Wahid, 2011). Integrated Secondary School Curriculum (KBSM) was introduced with emphasis given on mastering Bahasa Malaysia and nurturing national consciousness through inculcating common values, aspirations and loyalties (Nagendralingan, 2008). Multi-cultural education is promoted in the curriculum to ensure that all students are aware of paul essays, cultural, gender, racial and ethnic diversity of the nation and to foster mutual respect and positive social interaction with each other (Azhar Wahid, 2011). In the classrooms of national secondary schools, teaching and learning process promote cooperative learning methods such as doing projects, case research, group discussion, pair work and group assignments to help students of different races to not only improve communication skills with each other but also to interact, share ideas and learn teamwork spirit (Neo et al., 2009). When students are aware of the values of multi-cultural education, they learn to respect different cultures, thereby reducing misconceptions and prejudices towards those of other ethnic groups. Syllabus and curriculum are replete with elements of Malaysian cultural heritage where students learn and understand another culture’s dominant practices, way of life and religious holidays (Azhar Wahid, 2011). As part of co-curriculum activities, sports and games, uniformed bodies, clubs and thesis societies help students to interact with each other; speech day, field trips, sports carnivals, fund raising events are designed to graham essays draw out involvement from all students to socialise together (Nagendralingan, 2008).

Parent Teacher Associations and alumni associations help to integrate the school communities with the outside communities. Though the National Education Policy may not have achieved the highest degree of ethnic integration, some of its strategic policies such as using Bahasa Malaysia as the medium of instruction in secondary schools have been successful (Azhar Wahid, 2011). Used? This has created generations of Malaysians communicating and paul learning using the same language. The concept of organism used to synthesise, equal access to education at every schooling level is paul graham rss, another major characteristic of education development in the mid-1970s. Affordable access to education for all can help to narrow the education gap between races and increase upward social mobility. With equitable ethnic participation in lse ei the economy and wealth distribution, the causes of racial tensions can be remedied and this promotes social political stability. National Key Results Area 4 (NKRA) Pemandu (2011) reported that National Key Results Area (NKRA) is part of 1Malaysia’s concrete efforts to give priority to people’s needs first. Improving student outcome is one of the seven NKRAs “which have been deemed crucial and urgent for achieving 1Malaysia.” NKRA goal for education is improving student outcome by developing students’ minds, talents, and capabilities to safeguard the nation’s future generation. THE INTERVIEW RESULTS: Views on NKRA 4 from Education Practitioners. The interview questions focused specifically on eliciting their understanding of the NKRA goals which are “access to affordable education” and “quality of education” as well as how their contributions can make the policy a success.

Respondent 01 is a school principal who has been an educationist for 24 years; respondent 02, an assistant principal, has been an educationist for 33 years; respondent 03 has been a teacher for 32 years and respondent 04 36 years. Regarding the essays, term “access to affordable education” , respondent 01 replied that it means giving free education from a young age up to secondary education. Respondent 02 said that affordable education includes scholarships and financial help for underprivileged students to keep schooling. Both respondents 03 and 04 mentioned that it means children can easily attain education without been financially burdened. “Access to Quality of education” was understood by respondent 01 and 03 as getting a holistic education with balanced intellect, spiritual, emotional and physical development. Organism To Synthesise? Respondent 02 interpreted it as what makes students employable after finishing their secondary or tertiary education. Producing quality students who have the ability to paul graham think critically, apply their knowledge and contribute to society is regarded as quality education by respondent.

All the respondents agreed that Malaysians have access to affordable education in obama so-called founders reality. But as to the quality of education, all the respondents conceded that it has declined. Paul Rss? Respondent 01 explained that he has experienced the unsatisfactory situation of rural schools where the parents and students do not prioritise education and school principals fail to for business play their part. According to respondent 02, the decline is partially due to the low standard of admission for applicants applying for teaching training at universities and training colleges and paul graham this lowers the quality of cover for business analyst, education. Respondent 03 believed that the intellectual formation has been over emphasised to the detriment of other JERIS aspects (physical, emotional, spiritual and social). As for respondent 04, she claimed that lack of vocational schools and their limited enrolment make it difficult for under performing students to continue their studies in a meaningful way. Towards attaining NKRA education goals, respondent 01 pointed out that the principal’s most important contribution is strong leadership with clear and achievable vision and paul graham essays rss mission for his school. He further enunciated that a principal who sets achievable standards for both the under achievers and dissertations bright students can enhance the school’s performance. Paul Rss? Respondent 02 and 03 mentioned that active supervision of students and teachers by the principal can significantly improve their performance.

Showing interest in students’ performance and connecting with them at ground level are some of the ways according to respondent 04 that the principal contributes to improving student outcomes. Regarding the role of teachers, respondent 01 stressed that “the input of teachers is proportional to increasing student outcomes in developing students’ minds, talents and for business capabilities”. Both respondents (respondent 02 03) pointed out paul rss that students’ access to quality education is enhanced by organism used, receiving quality teaching and mentoring from teachers. Therefore, according to them, teachers must be good role models and have the right attitude towards their students. Instead of just settling for mediocrity among students, respondent 04 suggested that teachers should discover students’ weaknesses and motivate them to overcome it. Evaluating the findings. Generally, it is agreed that Malaysian students have access to affordable education as currently school fees are waived, textbooks are provided on loan, deserving students receive financial aid and rural schools provide free lodging and paul essays food.

The overall consensus is that quality of education is the holistic development of the whole person. However it may not necessarily correlate with better quality of education as there are other factors involved such as parental involvement and awareness, teachers’ input and principals’ leadership. Two key factors in better education quality are the principal’s leadership and organism to synthesise the teachers’ cooperation in increasing students’ performance and outcome. NKRA education recognises this by creating High Performing Schools whereby schools are categorised into essays, bands according to performance in essays order to motivate and increase principals’ performance (The Star, 2012). Paul Essays Rss? To produce committed, responsible and caring teachers, intervention programmes to train and motivate teachers towards higher achievement are also in isb recommendation place under NKRA 4. Paul Essays Rss? To improve the quality and standard of professionalism, the Education Ministry plans to pick only top-scoring university graduates to letter be 20% of trainee teachers by 2015 and review the passing criteria for trainee teachers at training colleges (Fernandez Lingan, 2012) to ensure quality teachers.

The goals of NKRA in improving student outcome help teachers and principals to tackle the challenges faced in providing quality education. Achieving the goals can indirectly increase unity goal under 1Malaysia as better education opportunities for all can bridge the gap between ethnic groups by balancing their level playing field and graham essays providing economic advancement. Evaluating 1MALAYSIA as the underlying key towards unity in cultural diversity Although efforts were made to integrate the Malaysian society using national education and ideologies, strong feelings of ethnicity in Malaysian social life are rife (Centre for Public Policy Studies, n.d.). In response, the current Prime Minister, Najib Razak introduced 1Malaysia concept in 2009 which aspires to unite the pluralistic Malaysian society by inculcating the spirit and values of solidarity and sense of togetherness, irrespective of race, religion and creed. (Najib Abdul Razak, 2009). The objective is to obama so-called founders have the Malays, Chinese, and Indians perceive themselves collectively as a single identity –Malaysians. 1Malaysia founded upon paul essays rss, the principle “People First, Performance Now” means that the government’s prime concern is people’s welfare and producing high quality performance that benefits them. In identifying his government with Malaysians regardless of race, social background or religion and understanding their aspirations, he seeks to isb recommendation lead his government to identify their needs and to incorporate their feedback. Consequently, 1Malaysia can strengthen solidarity and cooperation among races for unity in essays rss cultural diversity. Is 1Malaysia the underlying key towards achieving unity in cultural diversity?

According to for business analyst Mujibu Muis et al. Graham Essays Rss? (2012), history shows that when national unity and integration focused on dissertation education, assimilating minority cultures into the dominant culture, it invariably caused minority ethnic groups to hold stronger to their languages and cultures. As Hazri Jamil and Santhiram Rahman (2012) suggested, the past assumption that the main method for paul graham rss, national integration is the educational policy has been over organism, simplistic. They claimed that racial harmony cannot be fostered through education initiatives alone. Hence, the concept of integration is paul graham rss, not only about a mono-language, but is about mutual respect and understanding of other cultures and beliefs. In this respect, 1Malaysia concept which celebrates multi-culturalism, accepts cultural diversity and sees it as an organism, advantage which can contribute to a prospering, stable and essays sustainable future (Hasnul Salleh, n.d.). Cover? As examples, Malaysian multi-culturalism has been packaged as the main attractions for the tourism industry (Tourism Malaysia, n.d.) and it brings about economical advantages in trade relations with China and India because of the language and cultural link. Has 1Malaysia concept being embraced by all Malaysians when through its acceptance, Malaysia has the potential to be more developed and stable economically, politically and socially?

Without Malaysians’ acceptance, the implementation of the concept may not reach its full capacity. Yet, time will tell if 1Malaysia is to be seen as an underlying key to achieving unity in pluralistic Malaysia. Such a unity attained through the acceptance of the ideology of 1Malaysia renders one’s loyalty more towards the country and paul rss breaks down barriers of ethnicity. Among the past dissertations, government educational policies built on the educational reports, the paul graham essays, national language, common curriculum, standardised syllabus and lse ei past dissertations examinations and national schools have always been tools of paul, unity. Such policies have been effective and workable throughout the first 50 years of the nation’s independence. However, the idea of integration has somehow progressed further according to the changing times with 1Malaysia concept which proposes that the nation celebrates its unity amidst cultural diversity and views multi-culturalism as an edge that makes the country unique as in cover analyst “Malaysia, truly Asia.” This means that the cultural diversity can become its strength rather than its Achilles heel when rather than assimilating minority cultures into dominant cultures as the only way of integration, 1Malaysia concept accepts the reality of multi-culturalism and promotes unity in graham essays its diversity. Therefore, the letter, realisation of the concept may be the paul graham, way forward for lse ei dissertations, Malaysia to reinvent itself as a progressive nation at the dawn of the 21st century.

Azhar Wahid. (2011). HBEF1103 Sociology and philosophy of education in Malaysia. Seri Kembangan, Selangor: Meteor Doc. Centre for Public Policy Studies. (n.d.). National unity fact sheet. [Online]. Available: http://www.cpps.org.my/downloads/factsheets/National%20unity%20factsheet.pdf . [2013, February 20]. Education NKRA reaping success. (2012, March 28).

The Star. [Online]. Available: http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/3/28/nation/10970176sec=nation. [2013, February 20]. Ee, A. M. (1995). Pendidikan sebagai suatu proses: Asas pendidikan 1. Shah Alam, Selangor: Fajar Bakti. EPU Economic Planning Unit. (2011). Economic development: Vision 2020, 1991-2020. Graham? [Online]. Used? Available: http://www.epu.gov.my/184. [2013, February 19]. Fernandez, E. Lingan, L. (2012, June 6). Degree a must for new teachers by 2020. The News Straits Times. [Online].

Available: http://www.nst.com.my/top-news/degree-a-must-for-new-teachers-by-2020-1.91540. Essays? [2013, March 1]. Gullick, J. M. (1969). Malaysia: Nations of the modern world. London: Ernest Benn. Hasnul Salleh. Obama Founders? (n.d.). 1Malaysia – Concept and Values. [Online]. Available: http://www.jba. gov.my/files/Microsoft%20Word%20- %201Malaysia%20website%201705.pdf. [2013, February 19]. Hazri Jamil, Santhiram Rahman. (2012). Malaysian educational policy for essays rss, national integration: Contested terrain of for chemosynthesis, multiple aspirations in a multicultural nation. Journal of Language and Culture, 3(1). [Online]. Available: http://www.academicjournals. org/jlc/PDF/pdf2012/Jan/Jamil%20and%20Raman.pdf. [2013, February 19].

Ho S. O. (1952). Education for unity in Malaya : An evaluation of the educational system of Malaya with special reference to the need for unity in rss its plural society. Penang: Ganesh Printing Works. Hussein Ahmad. (2008). History, policy, and reform in Malaysian Education. In Ibrahim Ahmad Bajunid (Ed.), Malaysia from traditional to smart schools: The Malaysian educational odyssey (1st ed., pp. 35-82).

Shah Alam: Oxford Fajar. Department of Statistics Consensus. (2010). For Chemosynthesis? Population and Housing Census Malaysia, 2010: Percentage of distribution of the population by essays rss, ethnic group, Malaysia, 2010. Organism Used? [Online]. Paul Graham Essays Rss? Available: http://www. statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content view=articleid=1215. [2013, Feb 22]. Marimuthu, T. (2008). Tamil education: Problems and prospects.

In Ibrahim Ahmad Bajunid (Ed.), Malaysia from thesis so-called traditional to smart schools: The Malaysian educational odyssey (1st ed., pp. 113-138). Graham Rss? Shah Alam: Oxford Fajar. Mujibu Muis et al. (2012). Ethnic Plurality and Nation Building Process: A Comparative Analysis between Rukun Negara, Bangsa Malaysia and 1Malaysia Concepts as Nation Building Programs in writing dissertation Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 8(13).

In Ebscohost (OUM Digital Collection). Nagendralingan, R. (2008). Reflections on the development of curriculum in Malaysia. In Ibrahim Ahmad Bajunid (Ed.), Malaysia from traditional to smart schools: The Malaysian educational odyssey (1st ed., pp.221-254). Shah Alam: Oxford Fajar. Najib Abdul Razak. (2009). The 2010 Budget speech: 1Malaysia, together we prosper. [Online].

Available: http://www.treasury.gov.my/pdf/budget/bs10.pdf. [2013, March 1]. Neo, T. K., Neo, M., Kwok, W. J. J. (2009). Engaging students in a multimedia cooperative learning environment: A Malaysian experience. 2009 Ascilite Conference Proceedings . [Online]. Available: http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/auckland09/procs/neo.pdf . [2013, Feb 27]. Noriati A. Rss? Rashid et al. (2012). Falsafah Pendidikan di Malaysia. Shah Alam, Selangor: Oxford Fajar. Omar Mohd Hashim. (1991). Pengisian Misi Pendidikan. Ampang, Selangor: Percetakan Dewan Bahasa dan Pusaka.

Pemandu Performance management and defending thesis dissertation education delivery unit. (2011). Annual report 2011. Executive Summary. Essays Rss? [Online]. Available: http://www.pemandu.gov.my/gtp/annualreport 2011/pdf/pemandu_ar2011_ executive_summary.pdf. [2013, February 18]. Syed Husin Ali. (2008). The Malays: Their problems and future.

Petaling Jaya, Selangor: The Other Press. Tourism Malaysia. Isb Recommendation Essays? (n.d.). Malaysia Truly Asia. [Online]. Available: http://www.tourism. gov.my/en/my/Web-Page/About-Malaysia/Culture-n-Heritage. [2013, March 1]. University/College: University of essays, Arkansas System.

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Amerikanischer Lebenslauf: Deutsche Form oder Resume? Fur den Lebenslauf - dem zentralen Element jeder Bewerbung - gibt es unterschiedliche Namen und Spezifikationen: Tabellarischer Lebenslauf , Amerikanischer Lebenslauf , Curriculum Vitae oder Resume (um nur einige zu nennen). Paul Essays. Das kann schon mal verwirrend sein. To Synthesise. Erst recht, da mit dem Amerikanischen Lebenslauf zweierlei gemeint sein kann: ein Resume fur eine Bewerbung in den USA oder Kanada - oder eine besondere Form des deutschen Lebenslaufs. Rss. Wir differenzieren das mal - und haben Tipps und Gratis-Muster fur beide Varianten. Cover Letter For Business. Tabellarischer Lebenslauf und Amerikanischer Lebenslauf. Essays Rss. Leider werden die Begriffe haufig synonym oder zumindest in obama thesis so-called founders einem Atemzug verwendet, was zu Irritationen fuhren kann: In Deutschland ist der amerikanische Lebenslauf eine Variante des tabellarischen Lebenslaufs . Paul Rss. Der kann namlich auf zwei Arten aufgebaut werden: Chronologisch: Beginnend mit der Schulausbildung bis zum aktuellen Job. Amerikanisch: Oder eben achronologisch - also genau umgekehrt: beginnend mit der aktuellen Position zuerst. So-called Founders. Diese Variante ist heute Standard.

Spricht man also in graham Deutschland beziehungsweise bei den Bewerbungsunterlagen auf Deutsch von einem amerikanischen Lebenslauf , so ist in der Regel ein tabellarischer Lebenslauf gemeint, der mit der aktuell ausgeubten Position beginnt. Der Vorteil hierbei ist: Die aktuelle Tatigkeit fallt dem Leser sofort ins Auge. Organism To Synthesise. Das ist gerade bei Jobwechslern mit vielen Jahren Berufserfahrung sinnvoll, da die aktuelle Position oft auf den neuen Job hinfuhrt und womoglich dafur sogar qualifiziert. Paul Essays Rss. Fur Hochschulabsolventen oder Arbeitslose ist diese Variante dagegen weniger geeignet: Im ersten Fall gibt es noch keine Berufserfahrungen, im zweiten tritt so die aktuelle Arbeitslosigkeit prominent in isb recommendation essays den Vordergrund. Graham Essays Rss. Taktisch unklug. Thesis So-called. Fur beide Falle empfiehlt sich daher der chronologische Lebenslauf. Zwei kostenlose Vorlagen fur die amerikanische Variante finden Sie zum Beispiel gleich hier: Tabellarischer Lebenslauf im modernen Design. Paul. Lebenslauf auf Englisch: Tipps fur das amerikanische Resume. Jetzt kommen wir zur zweiten Form des amerikanischen Lebenslaufs: Das sogenannte amerikanische Resume ist eher ein Exzerpt Ihrer bisherigen beruflichen Laufbahn und damit viel kompakter als ein ausfuhrlicher deutscher Lebenslauf. Organism To Synthesise. Auch hier wird der Lebenslauf nicht chronologisch aufgebaut, sondern beginnt mit der aktuellen Position zuerst.

Das Resume konzentriert sich dabei allerdings auf die Hohepunkte des beruflichen Werdegangs, ebenso auf die wichtigsten Positionen, Erfahrungen und Erfolge, die zu der avisierten Stelle perfekt passen. Paul Graham. Nicht mehr. Der Umfang des Resumes geht deshalb auch nie uber eine DIN-A4-Seite hinaus (siehe Grafik): Weitere wichtige Unterschiede und Merkmale des amerikanischen Lebenslaufs sind: Keine Fotos. Defending Psychology Education. Es ist eher unublich dem Lebenslauf ein Bewerbungsfoto beizufugen. Paul Essays. Es wird davon abgesehen, um Chancengleichheit zu garantieren.

Keine Angaben zum Alter, Geschlecht, Familienstand oder zur Religion. Lse Ei Past Dissertations. Auch darauf wird verzichtet, um eine mogliche Diskriminierung zu verhindern. Referenzen sollten angegeben werden. Essays Rss. Im Resume sollten Sie mindestens zwei Referenzen nennen. Defending. Referenzen spielen bei der Bewerbung in paul graham essays den USA eine wichtige Rolle und werden so gut wie immer verlangt. Ihre Referenzen sollten starke Fursprecher fur Sie sein, die aussagekraftig Ihre Eignung belegen konnen. Sie sollten vollstandige Angaben zum Referenzgeber machen, damit dieser auch kontaktiert werden kann.

Wer als Referenzgeber in organism used Frage kommt, erfahren Sie hier. Paul Graham. Der Lebenslauf wird nicht unterschrieben. Auch das ist ein wichtiger Unterschied zu Deutschland: Das Resume wird weder mit einem Datum versehen noch unterschrieben. Past Dissertations. Lebenslauf auf Englisch: Der Aufbau. Graham. Der amerikanische Lebenslauf wird mit den bereits genannten Begriffen Resume oder Personal Resume uberschrieben, kann aber auch direkt mit den Personal Details beginnen, was dem knappen Platz geschuldet ist. Aufbau und Struktur des amerikanischen Lebenslaufs folgen anschlie?end diesem Muster: Name, Adresse, Telefonnummer und E-Mail-Adresse, mehr mussen Sie ganz oben und bei diesen Punkt nicht angeben.

Achten Sie bitte darauf, Ihren Namen in isb recommendation essays der ersten Zeile und die restlichen Daten darunter einzutragen und alle Umlaute auszuschreiben. Paul Graham Essays. Dieser Punkt ist nicht zwingend notwendig, kommt jedoch gut an. Hier beschreiben Sie sich und Ihre Personlichkeit in writing defending thesis dissertation education zwei bis drei knappen Satzen. Paul Essays Rss. Schreiben Sie auf keinen Fall einen Roman. Past. Sie haben insgesamt schlie?lich nur eine Seite Platz. Paul Essays Rss. Hier formulieren Sie klar und eindeutig, welchen Job und welche Stelle Sie im Unternehmen anstreben. Da dieser Part dem Karriereziel dient, sollten Sie auch Ihre Motivation herausarbeiten.

Im Deutschen hei?t dieser Punkt Beruflicher Werdegang . Isb Recommendation Essays. Hier geben Sie alle Stationen Ihres Arbeitslebens in paul essays rss umgekehrt chronologischer Reihenfolge an. Used To Synthesise. Firmenname, Standort, Zeitraum der Anstellung und die genau Position im Unternehmen sollten Sie hier auf jeden Fall erwahnen. Paul. Auf Erfolge sollten Sie ebenfalls kurz (!) hinweisen. Cover Letter For Business Analyst. Hier folgt Ihr Bildungsweg, ebenfalls in essays rss anti-chronologischer Reihenfolge. Organism. Fort- und Weiterbildungen ( Advanced Training ) sollten hier separat - bitte mit der jeweiligen Qualifikation - ebenfalls genannt werden. Paul Graham. Dieser Punkt umfasst in writing psychology education der Regel Ihre Sprachkenntnisse oder Ihre Fahigkeiten im IT-Bereich. Paul Graham Essays Rss. Wenn Sie uber weitere Fahigkeiten und Qualifikationen verfugen, die fur den Job wichtig sind, konnen Sie diese hier ebenfalls eintragen. Wie der deutsche Lebenslauf enthalt auch der amerikanische Lebenslauf einen Hauch Privates: Erwahnen Sie hier aber nur die Interessen, Ehrenamter und Hobbys, die zumindest ansatzweise fur den Job relevant sein konnten und idealerweise Ihre Teamfahigkeit oder Fuhrungsqualitaten herausstreichen. For Chemosynthesis. Sie merken schon: Das alles zusammen kann den Rahmen einer DIN-A4-Seite schnell sprengen.

Deshalb ist die wichtigste Regel fur den amerikanischen Lebenslauf : Reduce to the max - auswahlen, aussortieren, kurzen. Paul Essays. Nur das Wesentlichste hat hier Platz, der Rest fliegt gnadenlos raus. Organism Used. Und: Das Resume wird zwingend und gezielt (also jedes Mal individuell) auf die jeweilige Position zugeschnitten. Paul. Massenschreiben und kopierte Resumes sind tabu . Obama Thesis. Der Personaler muss das Gefuhl haben, dass der amerikanische Lebenslauf extra fur diesen Job erstellt wurde und sich der Bewerber mit der Stelle auseinandergesetzt hat. Sprache im Resume: Die wichtigsten Begriffe.

Durch seine kompakte Form wirkt das Resume zwangslaufig etwas plakativ und holzschnittartig. Paul Essays Rss. Fur ausschweifende Formulierungen und schmuckende Satze ist einfach kein Platz. For Chemosynthesis. Stattdessen werden Sie sich in paul essays den einzelnen Punkten auf Schlagworter und markante Formulierungen konzentrieren mussen. For Chemosynthesis. Gut so: Denn das wirkt zugleich selbstbewusst, zeugt von Enthusiasmus und Macher-Qualitaten - und genau das suchen amerikanische Personalentscheider auch. Blo? nicht betteln oder bescheiden bleiben. Paul Graham Essays Rss. Bei der Jobsuche in den USA gilt: klotzen, nicht kleckern. Anschreiben - Cover Letter Bewerbung - Job Application Lebenslauf - Resume/Curriculum Vitae Personendaten - Personal Details Karriereziel - Career Objective Personliches Profil - Personal Profile Werdegang - Professional/Work Experience Akademische Bildung - Academic Education Fachausbildung - Professional Training Hobbys/Ehrenamt - Activities/Engagement Referenzen - References Arbeitgeber - Employer Arbeitnehmer - Employee Unternehmen - Company Beschaftigungszeit - Period of dissertations, Employment. Naturlich sind auch Rechtschreib- oder Grammitikfehler bei US-Personalern nicht gern gesehen. Paul. Wer sich bei seinem Englisch nicht sattelfest fuhlt, sollte daher lieber noch einmal einen Muttersprachler Kontrolle lesen und sein Resume gegebenenfalls korrigieren lassen. Letter. Musterbeispiel fur einen Lebenslauf auf Englisch.

Das Muster eines englischen CV konnen Sie sich hier gerne als Orientierungshilfe und als Word-Vorlage kostenlos herunterladen . Paul Essays. Dazu einfach auf die Abbildung klicken. Essays. Mehr Ratgeber zur Bewerbung im englischen Ausland: Lesen Sie hier noch mehr Bewerbungstipps Dossiers: Das Beste von uns per paul graham essays, Mail - jeden Samstag. Jetzt den Gratis-Newsletter abonnieren: Jochen Mai ist Grunder, Chefredakteur und Geschaftsfuhrer von Karrierebibel.de; Karrierefragen.de und Karrieresprung.de. Organism Used To Synthesise. Er berat heute Unternehmen bei den Themen Content Strategie, Blog-Aufbau und coacht Redaktionsteams. Graham. Uberdies doziert er an so-called der TH Koln uber Social Media Marketing und ist ein gefragter Keynote-Speaker. Paul Graham. Zuvor arbeitete der Bestseller-Autor lange Jahre als Social Media Manager, Journalist und Ressortleiter bei der WirtschaftsWoche. Thesis So-called. Andere Besucher lesen gerade diese Artikel: NETIQUETTE: Hausordnung und Hinweis fur Kommentare. Bitte haben Sie Verstandnis dafur, dass wir per graham rss, Kommentarfunktion keine Einzelfallberatung und auch keine arbeitsrechtliche Beratung leisten konnen. Lse Ei Past. Kommentare sollen Artikel (um eigene Erfahrungen) erganzen, (durch eigenes Wissen) erweitern oder korrigieren. Paul Essays Rss. Fur personliche Fragen nutzen Sie bitte unsere kostenlose Ratgeber-Community Karrierefragen.de . Past. Kommentare, die lediglich Beratungsanfragen darstellen, werden nicht freigeschaltet. Graham Essays Rss. Generell begru?en wir inspirierende und konstruktive Diskussionen auf Karrierebibel.de.

Wer kritisiert, darf deshalb naturlich genauso kritisiert werden. For Chemosynthesis. Ubertriebene Eigenwerbung (insbesondere plumpe Links und Hinweise auf die eigene Seite), Grobheiten, destruktives Gemecker und Rechthaberei sind dagegen nicht willkommen. Wer nur Norgeln, Andeutungen machen und sein Wissen (wie es womoglich besser geht) fur sich behalten will, ist hier falsch. Paul Graham Rss. Unsere Moderatoren prufen Kommentare entsprechend und loschen diese gegebenenfalls. Wer wiederholt gegen diese Regeln versto?t, wird dauerhaft gesperrt. Writing Psychology. Kurz: Wir mochten durch die Kommentare mehr praktisches Wissen, mehr personliche Erfahrungen, mehr Orientierung und nutzliche Tipps fur alle sammeln - nicht mehr Fragen, Desinformationen oder Blabla. Paul Essays. Unsere Leser sehen das ubrigens genauso .

Dissertations, Electronic Dissertations, and Copyright. Please note that perhaps not all faculties offer all options. As a book with a publisher (the doctoral regulations require a certain number of copies published). Paul Essays Rss. As a journal article As a cumulative dissertation (submission of some peer-reviewed articles; the doctoral regulations of your faculty state whether a cumulative dissertation is thesis dissertation education, possible and whether it has to be published again as a complete work). As printouts from a printing service (the doctoral regulations require a very high number of printed and bound deposit copies). As electronic dissertation: Theses on the publication server can be found world-wide, are freely accessible, re-usable, and long-term preserved.

Besides, you don’t need as many printed deposit copies. To publish the rss, dissertation electronically is possible at all the essays, faculties at the University of Regensburg (see the respective doctoral regulations). The doctoral regulations at essays, the Faculties of lse ei past dissertations, Natural Sciences I-IV for example require the graham, supervisor’s written consent to an electronic dissertation. Please check also any copyright and licensing issues before publication to lse ei, avoid any conflicts with third party rights: If you wish to additionally publish your thesis with a publisher, the latter must have agreed to an electronic publication by the University Library (see also question 11). It is not possible to change the documents after publication! 2) Are there any formal requirements for the thesis?

It is important not to paul graham rss, use spiral binding for your printed copies but adhesive binding. For Chemosynthesis. The copies must be printed on graham essays rss permanent wood-free and acid-free paper. Apart from defending dissertation education that there are no further formal requirements by the University Library for the printed deposit copies of electronic dissertations. Information as to paul graham essays, formal requirements by to synthesise the faculties can be found on the faculties’ web pages, in the doctoral regulations, or at the examination offices. In particular the design of the graham essays rss, title page often is specified (e.g., with the essays, university’s logo or seal). Medicine and economics for instance want deposit copies in rss, DIN A5 format. Black-and-white printing is acceptable only organism, if it does not influence readability and comprehensibility of the thesis (for instance, of figures or graphics), i.e., if the color has a purely aesthetic function. When submitting an electronic dissertation, the PDF version, on grounds of paul graham essays rss, citation, must be identical to the print version! Printing out the PDF file guarantees that the formatting of for chemosynthesis, printed and electronic version is identical. Only the paul graham rss, CV required by some faculties (e.g., medicine) can be omitted for isb recommendation essays, reasons of data protection.

In this case, please replace the paul essays, CV with blank pages so that the pagination of the dissertations, PDF and the print version is paul graham, identical to the end. The files uploaded to the publication server must be free of password protection or encryption and must allow printing and saving. For cumulative dissertations we recommend to include the accepted manuscript version of the articles, if not stated otherwise in the doctoral regulations. Analyst. Most publishers allow including an article in a dissertation, but not the publisher’s version. Essays. Please see questions 10 and for business analyst, question 11 regarding cumulative dissertations. 3) Which official forms do I have to graham essays, submit? This depends on your faculty, see the doctoral regulations.

The forms are either available at the examination office, at writing psychology, the faculty administration, on paul graham rss the faculty website, or as an appendix of the doctoral regulations. If you need to for chemosynthesis, defer the publication of your thesis, you additionally have to essays, submit a form of dissertations, your faculty with the request for essays rss, postponement of lse ei past, publishing your thesis on the Internet. This is only possible in justified cases, e.g. for pending patent procedures. For your electronic dissertation you also have to graham essays rss, submit the signed form “Abgabe elektronischer Publikationen” ( submission of electronic publications ) along with your printed deposit copies and organism used to synthesise, the other forms of your faculty at the thesis department in essays rss, the central library (see last question for thesis dissertation psychology, contact information). With this form, you grant the University Library the right to store your document electronically, to make it available in graham rss, public data networks, and, if necessary, to convert it into other data formats. This right also applies to obama, the German National Library and, if required, to graham rss, the special collection libraries.

Furthermore, you affirm that you have checked any copyright and licensing issues and cover letter analyst, that the paul rss, elctronic publication does not conflict with any third party rights (i.e., if you want to to synthesise, additionally publish your thesis with a publisher, the graham essays, latter must have agreed to the electronic publication by the University Library). Also, you declare that the doctoral committee (Promotionsausschuss) has approved the publication of your thesis, and that the electronic version is identical in form and content to the approved original version. In the “Upload” stage of the obama founders, workflow on the publication server, you can find different versions of the paul rss, form “Abgabe elektronischer Publikationen” which vary in the rights of use you grant. We recommend to isb recommendation essays, use the Creative Commons license CC BY or CC BY-ND. Paul. You can find detailed information on Creative Commons licenses on our legal information page. In exceptional cases (e.g. for cumulative dissertations), you should either choose publishing license for publications including print on demand (with this license you allow interested readers to buy a printed copy of your thesis which will be printed “on demand” for cover letter for business analyst, this reader by essays a library service), or publishing license for publications excluding print on demand. Analyst. Please print out one of these forms and hand it in at the thesis department in the central library.

4) How many printed and bound deposit copies do I have to paul graham essays rss, hand in if I publish my dissertation electronically? The library needs 5 (law just 3) printed and bound deposit copies. Organism To Synthesise. It depends on the doctoral regulations if you have to submit any further copies for your faculty. The philosophical faculties and law need no further copies; business and economic sciences, the paul essays, natural sciences, and medicine need one copy for the faculty; Catholic theology needs 2 copies. 5) How do I deposit my thesis on the publication server? It takes about ten minutes to create a new document on the publication server. Please don't hesitate to contact us if you have questions! It is rather self-explaining but here are some hints so that you can submit your work without problems: For the deposit on the publication server you should have prepared the PDF, at letter, least 3 keywords, the title in German and paul rss, English and for business analyst, an abstract in German and English (with a maximum of 5000 characters).

The translations don't have to graham essays rss, be exactly the organism used to synthesise, same as the German versions; for the translated abstract some sentences would be sufficient. Graham Essays. The content descriptions are necessary so that the work can also be found with English search terms respectively that non-German-speaking scientists can also get an overview of the work. Publication format for your electronic dissertation is PDF. For reasons of long-term availability, no protected documents are allowed, i.e., your file must not have any password protection or encryption, and it must allow printing and duplication. Besides it's important that deposit copies and PDF are identical (conten, page numbering etc.) The PDF file is uploaded to the review area on defending thesis psychology education the publication server which is not publicly accessible. After the entry is essays rss, reviewed by the library team, it is education, published, unless you have submitted an additional form of your faculty with the request for postponement. After publication changes are no longer possible! To deposit your thesis on the publication server, you have to “register” (only the first time) your computer center account, see the menu on the left, and then “log in” with the account registered.

For a guest account please ask Mr. Schmidt, phone 0941 943-3904, email dissertationen@uni-regensburg.de. Go to “Manage deposits” on the left-hand menu and click on the “New Item” button on paul graham rss the top of the page. Choose “Thesis of the University of lse ei past dissertations, Regensburg” (not Thesis) as item type. Always click on paul graham rss “Next” for isb recommendation, the next step. Fields with a red star are mandatory fields and must be filled in. Enter your first name and family name as it is written in your dissertation. RZ user name and ORCID (a uniquely identification number for paul essays, scientists) are not mandatory. The contact email address must still be valid for a longer period of cover letter, time. Enter title, first name and paul graham essays rss, family name of for chemosynthesis, your first referee as stated in the dissertation.

If you have been paid by a project or if your thesis is published in a series, please indicate this in the corresponding fields. Superscripts, subscripts, Greek letters, etc. can be copied into paul essays rss, the title and abstract fields as Unicode characters (you can find some frequently used special characters for copy and paste on isb recommendation this help page). When coming to the date, choose “Publication” as the paul essays, date type. The thesis department of the library will enter the exact date here when publishing your thesis; until then you can choose the “?”. 4. Institutional Affiliation, Subjects, Upload. After specifying one or several corresponding institutions and subjects, you get to the “Upload” stage where you can find different forms for publishing licenses. Choose one of them , sign it and cover for business analyst, hand it in at the thesis department in the central library. Paul. We recommend choosing the CC BY license. Detailed information on CC licenses can be found on our legal information page. Now you can upload your electronic document to the publication server.

If there are difficulties (e. g. the upload doesn't work or is too slow), just give us a call. Into the fields below (you may need to click on “Show options”) please enter: “Format: PDF”; “Visible to: Anyone”; “License”: your chosen Creative Commons license or Publishing license for publications including/excluding print on demand, respectively, if you don’t want to allow ohters to reuse your work; “Language”: the language of your thesis. In the last stage, by obama clicking on “Deposit Item Now” you can transfer your record to the review area where librarians will check it before publishing. Depositing your thesis on the publication server is already possible before your thesis defense. The dissertation will not be published before you have passed your doctoral examination and graham essays, you have submitted all the necessary forms and deposit copies (please submit forms and deposit copies to the library after your thesis defense only; a short notification is recommended ). 6) How can I log in to the publication server if I don’t have a University account any more? If you don’t have a University account any more, please ask Mr.

Schmitt or Mrs. For Chemosynthesis. Lang, phone 0941 943-3904, email dissertationen@uni-regensburg.de, for paul graham rss, a guest account. 7) I want to publish my dissertation at a later date. In justified cases (e.g. for pending patent procedures) you can postpone the publication of your thesis. For this you have to sign the past dissertations, corresponding form of your faculty. On the publication server, please refer to the postponement in the “title” field by paul essays rss writing “Freigabe zum …” in front of the obama thesis founders, actual title. Thus the librarians will immediately see that the document should not yet be published. You should upload the paul graham rss, PDF file as explained in used, question 5, and hand in the deposit copies and the forms at the dissertation department at paul graham rss, the central library (see last question for contact information). After the cover, librarians have reviewed the document, the graham essays rss, faculty administration gets an acknowledgement of isb recommendation, receipt and paul rss, will then issue the doctoral certificate. The printed copies won’t be passed on for chemosynthesis to the other departments and the electronic version won’t be published until the release date. Please note: The thesis must be published within a certain period after the doctoral exam, depending on your doctoral regulations.

Exceeding the paul rss, deadline results in obama thesis so-called, losing all rights acquired by the doctoral candidate through the graham, examination. For Chemosynthesis. In the Faculties of Natural Sciences I-IV, medicine, biology, law, and economics, postponement is possible for one year at graham rss, most, in Catholic theology it is two years at most, and in dissertations, the philosophical faculties three years at most. 8) Can I deposit my work on the publication server when it is already published by a publisher? The additional release in an institutional repository is also called “secondary publication”, “self-archiving” or “green road to open access” . The benefits thereof are an increased visibility, world-wide findability by search engines, easy and free access , and hence the works can be better used . In particular, the graham, authors benefit from higher citation rates . Through easy access to isb recommendation, research results, the graham rss, general public can achieve a higher level of cover letter, knowledge and see what research is done with taxpayers’ money. Paul Graham Essays. Scientists can reuse research data and organism used to synthesise, build on graham the results . Thus, they can avoid duplicate research and science will become more efficient . Documents deposited in a repository (whether institutional or disciplinary) are long-term archived , i.e. they can still be read in essays, decades and can be found and paul graham essays rss, cited under the same DOI or URN even if the scientist changes the cover letter analyst, institution.

If you have published your article or book open access under a Creative-Commons-licence , you did not transfer the copyright to the publisher or the journal. In this case you can continue to paul rss, use your work as you like, so you can also deposit it in for chemosynthesis, a repository, e.g. on the Regensburg publication server. Releasing a work by a publisher usually means transferring the exclusive rights to the publisher. Graham Rss. Whether a secondary publication is lse ei dissertations, possible or not is typically specified in the author’s agreement or on the publisher’s website (often under the headings “Authors’ Rights”, “Copyright Transfer Statement”, “Copyright Transfer Agreement”, “Consent to Publish”, “Copyright – Permissions”, “Manuscript Guidelines”, “Ethics”, “Guidelines”). The SHERPA/RoMEO list provides an overview about the paul rss, rights journals grant their authors in essays, their standard agreements. Essays. It classifies each journal into founders, one of four categories: whether self-archiving of preprints and postprints (“green” RoMEO journals), only of preprints (“yellow” RoMEO journals), only paul graham essays rss, of postprints (“blue” RoMEO journals), or no self-archiving is isb recommendation, allowed. Some publishers (e.g., Springer, Wiley, Elsevier) offer the RightsLink service of the Copyright Clearance Center to get permission for paul graham rss, a secondary publication. To do so, choose your article on so-called the publisher’s website and click on the link “Request Permission” (or similar). You will be redirected to the “Copyright Clearance Center”.

RightsLink der Frankfurter Buchmesse is also an online platform for the automated trade with reprint rights, representing e.g. Hanser, Thieme, Carlsen, and BasteiLubbe. If you transferred exclusive rights to the publisher just temporarily and this time limit has already expired, a secondary publication is possible without consulting the publisher. If you transferred non-exclusive rights in perpetuity to the publisher, you can also additionally deposit your work in graham, a repository. If the primary publication appeared in a periodical (neither in a monograph nor in lse ei past, an edited volume) under German copyright law, there is another exploitation right according to UrhG § 38 (1): If your work is published after 1 January 1995 and if there is no written contract or the publisher refers to the statutory rules, it can be made publically available after one year, since the exclusive rights then change into non-exclusive rights. For research results financed with public funds which have been published in periodicals, the copyright law allows secondary publication after one year under certain conditions since 1 January 2014 (see UrhG § 38 Abs.

4). If you did not yet sign a publishing agreement for your primary publication, you should retain the right to publish a freely available electronic version. Some publishers might insist on an embargo period. If a secondary publication is not possible , you can also deposit the paul essays, metadata without any full text on the publication server. Writing Education. Thus, your scientific work is visible and paul rss, you can easily create a list of all your publications. Further information to German copyright law and thesis, secondary publication rights: 9) How to retain the rights for secondary publication when the work is not yet pubished?

The answer to this question is cited from Spielkamp, Matthias: Zweitveroffentlichungsrecht fur Wissenschaftler: Geltende Rechtslage und Handlungsempfehlungen. Essays. This work is published under a CC-BY-ND licence which does not allow translations, so it is available in German only. „Bei noch unveroffentlichten Werken wird es in der Regel so sein, dass der Verlag der Autorin einen Vertrag vorlegt. Thesis Psychology. Dann ist zu prufen, welche Rechte die AutorIn an den Verlag abtreten soll und welche Absicht die Autorin hat – ob sie z.B. das Werk direkt nach Veroffentlichung in der Verlagspublikation offentlich online zuganglich machen mochte, oder etwa erst nach einem Jahr. Dann muss die Autorin mit dem Verlag aushandeln, welche ausschlie?lichen Rechte fur welche Nutzungsarten und welche Dauer an den Verlag gehen und welche bei der Autorin verbleiben sollen. Unter welchen Umstanden der Verlag sich auf eine derartige Verhandlung einlasst bzw. wie Erfolg versprechend diese Verhandlungen sein werden, hangt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab (Prominenz der Autorin, Aufwand zur Produktion des Buches, Verhandlungsgeschick der Autorin). Dazu kann daher keine generelle Aussage getroffen werden. Vielmehr geht es darum, die denkbaren Vorgehensweisen zu skizzieren, mit denen eine Autorin dem Verlag gegenuber treten kann.

Sie kann zum einen Passagen aus der Textvorlage des Verlags streichen, die ihrer Absicht im Weg stehen, ihr Werk moglichst bald nach Verlagsveroffentlichung open access zu stellen. Zum anderen kann sie dem Vertrag einen Passus anhangen, der ihr dies ermoglicht, einen so genannten Vertragszusatz. Die Plattform Open-Access.net beschreibt den Vorgang so: Autorinnen und Autoren verandern Verlagsvertrage, die ihre Rechte auf eine Hinterlegung ihrer Publikationen auf einem Dokumentenserver einschranken, indem sie Ausdrucke wie exklusive Abgabe aller Rechte ebenso wie weitere einschrankende Formulierungen deutlich durchstreichen. Ein Begleitbrief sollte auf die Anderungen aufmerksam machen.* Hier ist jedoch zu beachten, dass Vertrage sich nicht nur von Verlag zu Verlag und Publikationsform zu Publikationsform unterscheiden, sondern mitunter auch von Autorin zu Autorin. Kleinste Veranderungen konnen gro?e Wirkung haben – oder eben auch nicht haben.

Das bedeutet nicht, dass Autorinnen davor zuruck scheuen sollten, selbst Anderungen vorzunehmen, doch es ist wunschenswert, dass – wenn moglich – auch eine im Urheberrecht versierte Juristin einen Blick auf die Veranderungen bzw. das Ergebnis wirft. Das kann die Hausjuristin der Universitat oder des Forschungszentrums sein (wenn vorhanden und verfugbar), aber auch eine externe Juristin, was jedoch ublicherweise mit Kosten verbunden ist. Eine Alternative kann ein so genannter Vertragszusatz sein. Durch ihn werden, wenn er juristisch solide formuliert ist, Nachfragen bei Expertinnen uberflussig. Das reduziert Komplexitat und Kosten. Open-Access.net beschreibt es wie folgt: Alternativ zu Streichungen fugen Autorinnen und Autoren dem Verlagsvertrag einen Zusatz bei, um sich so das einfache Nutzungsrecht fur die Onlinenutzung auf einem Non-Profit-Dokumentenserver vorzubehalten. Dieser Zusatz muss vom Verlag gegengezeichnet werden, um Rechtsgultigkeit zu erlangen. Der bekannteste und wohl auch anerkannteste Vertragszusatz ist das SPARC Author’s Addendum. Es wurde durch die Scholarly Publishing and paul graham, Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) entwickelt, einem Zusammenschluss von Bibliotheken in den USA mit dem Ziel, die Entwicklung neuer Kommunikationsmodelle anzuregen, welche die Verbreitung von wissenschaftlicher Literatur steigern und den finanziellen Druck auf Bibliotheken reduzieren.

Das Addendum besteht aus zwei Teilen: dem eigentlichen Vertragsanhang und einer Benutzungsanweisung. Mittels der Copyright Addendum Engine von Science Commons und SPARC konnen Autorinnen und Autoren je nach Wunsch ein Addendum in den Varianten Access-Reuse, Delayed Access und Immediate Access automatisch erstellen. Access-Reuse bedeutet, die Autorin/der Autor behalt ausreichende Rechte, um den Artikel neben der Veroffentlichung in einem Verlag unter eine nichtkommerzielle Creative-Commons- oder eine vergleichbare Lizenz zu stellen. Bei dem Delayed-Access-Modell kann die Autorin/der Autor die Autorenversion sofort online bereit stellen, die Verlagsversion jedoch erst nach Ablauf von sechs Monaten. Immediate Access erlaubt dagegen, sofort bei Erscheinen sowohl die Verlagsversion als auch die Autorenversion online bereit zu stellen.* Neben dem SPARC Autor’s Addendum (SAA) nennt Open-Access.net eigene Beispiele fur Vertragszusatze:

Der Verlag stimmt zu, dass der Autor das nichtexklusive Recht behalt, eine digitale Kopie des Dokumentes vor/wahrend/nach der Publikation durch den Verlag zeitlich unbeschrankt auf einen offentlich zuganglichen akademischen Non-Profit-Server zu legen. Der Autor verpflichtet sich, das Originaldokument auf dem akademischen Non-Profit-Server zu zitieren. Fur eine Online-Veroffentlichung des Werkes wird dem Verlag ein einfaches Nutzungsrecht ohne Benutzungspflicht eingeraumt. Dem Autor steht es frei, das Werk mit dem Zeitpunkt des Erscheinens als Buchversion parallel kostenlos als PDF-Datei im Internet uber seine Homepage, einen institutionellen Server oder ein geeignetes fachliches Repositorium offentlich zuganglich zu machen.* Auch eine englische Version wird angeboten, fur den – sicher nicht seltenen – Fall, dass ein Vertrag mit einem nicht-deutschsprachigen Verlag getroffen werden soll: I hereby declare that I do not wish to obama founders, assign the exclusive copyright to (Name des Verlages) but reserve the right to publish the paul rss, article in full on an open access platform.*

Wie bereits oben angesprochen, sollte eine solche Vereinbarung immer vom Verlag / Vertragspartner gegengezeichnet sein, da es sonst im Fall einer Auseinandersetzung strittig sein kann, ob der Vertragszusatz Geltung erlangt hat. Organism. Denn rechtlich gesehen muss der Zusatz wohl als ein (Gegen-)Angebot des Autors an essays, den Verlag gesehen werden, das der Verlag erst wieder annehmen muss, damit sich die Autorin auf die Gultigkeit verlassen kann. Isb Recommendation Essays. Wahrscheinlich kommt die Annahme auch dadurch zustande, dass der Verlag den Text veroffentlicht, nachdem die Autorin ihm das SAA zugeschickt hat. Graham Essays Rss. Dafur muss aber sehr klar aus dem Schreiben der Autorin an den Verlag hervor gehen, dass das SAA Bestandteil des Vertrags werden soll. Das wird in der Regel dadurch erreicht, dass direkt bei der Unterschrift und zusatzlich durch ein Begleitschreiben darauf hingewiesen wird, dass das SAA Geltung erlangen soll. Wie Erfolg versprechend es ist, dass der Zusatz akzeptiert wird, beschreibt Mantz wie folgt:

Das SAA ist ein vorformulierter Vertragsanhang, enthalt also Allgemeine Geschaftsbedingungen, die der Urheber dem Verlag stellt. Lasst sich der Verlag auf diese Abanderungen des Verlagsvertrags nicht ein, so bleibt dem Urheber nur, auf seine entsprechenden Forderungen zu verzichten oder vom Vertragsschluss ganz abzusehen. Die Einbeziehung der SAA beruht also auch ma?geblich auf dem Verhandlungsgeschick des Urhebers. (Reto Mantz: Open Access-Lizenzen und Rechtsubertragung bei Open Access-Werken, in: Gerald Spindler (Hg.): Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen von Open Access-Publikationen, Gottinger Schriften zur Internetforschung, Band 2, Gottingen 2006, S. 98) Mantz weist jedoch ebenfalls darauf hin, dass es seiner Einschatzung nach ein schwer wiegendes Problem mit dem SAA selbst gibt. Organism Used To Synthesise. Aus Grunden, die hier nicht naher erlautert werden sollen, sieht Mantz einen Konflikt zwischen den Bestimmungen des deutschen Urheberrechts und den Freiheiten, die der Autorin durch das SAA zukommen sollen – namlich die Moglichkeit zu haben, das Werk auch online open access zuganglich zu machen: Wird das SPARC Author’s Addendum direkt oder in einer wortlichen Ubersetzung verwendet, so resultiert dies in einem Dissens, eine Einigung zwischen Verlag und Urheber kommt nicht zustande. Graham Rss. Der Vertrag wird demzufolge nicht geschlossen. (a.a.O., S. 102) Um dem aus dem Weg zu gehen, sollten zwei Vorkehrungen getroffen werden. For Chemosynthesis. Zum einen muss das SAA bei Verlagen, bei denen die Vertragssprache nicht Englisch ist, in der jeweils gangigen Sprache vorliegen. Es empfiehlt sich demnach, das SAA vor Absendung so abzuandern, dass eine rechtlich wirksame Einschrankung der zu ubertragenden Nutzungsrechte erfolgen kann.

Als dem Urheber zu erhaltende Nutzungsarten konnten die digitalen bzw. Graham Rss. elektronischen Verbreitungsmethoden gewahlt werden. Das SAA sollte fur diesen Fall so abgeandert werden, dass die Rechte nicht fur „jedes Medium“, sondern fur die Verwendung auf „elektronischem Wege“ vorbehalten werden. Allerdings ist in obama, diesem Fall der Einsatz der Creative-Commons-Lizenz nicht mehr moglich, da diese eine Beschrankung auf den elektronischen Vertrieb nicht vorsieht. Die Digital-Peer-Publishing-Lizenz wurde dieser Anforderung gerecht. (a.a.O., S. 101) Fur Vertrage mit deutschen Verlagen schlagt er daher folgende Formulierung vor: Der Urheber erteilt dem Verlag fur die elektronische Publikation nur ein einfaches Nutzungsrecht.

Er behalt sich vor, das Werk unter eine Open Access-Lizenz, z. B. Essays Rss. die „Digital Peer Publishing License“ zu stellen, die die elektronische Verbreitung gestattet. (a.a.O., S. 103) Mit der Annahme des Vertrages inklusive dieser Klausel durch den Verlag ist ein Vertrag geschlossen, der dem Urheber die Verfugungsgewalt uber die elektronische Publikation erhalt. (a.a.O., S. 103)“ Spielkamp , Matthias: Zweitveroffentlichungsrecht fur Wissenschaftler: Geltende Rechtslage und Handlungsempfehlungen / Matthias Spielkamp. iRights.Lab Policy Paper Series Nr. For Chemosynthesis. 1. 10) Can I publish my (print or online) thesis again as a journal article? If your thesis is free of any third party rights (e.g., participating companies), you can submit your work as an paul graham rss, article to a journal. Publishers usually state that the do not accept articles already published elsewhere. However, most publishers except dissertations from this rule. Organism Used. Some publishers do not accept online theses. We have gathered some information on the acceptance of dissertations as articles from a number of publishers: Information on secondary publication of dissertations as journal articles and on using journal articles as part of a (cumulative) dissertation. 11) Can I use an already published journal article as part of my (cumulative) thesis?

Whether your a cumulative dissertation is possible at essays, your faculty can be found in obama thesis so-called, the respective doctoral regulations. You should also check your author’s agreement whether your publisher allows an additional publication as a thesis. Sometimes, publishers differentiate between online and printed theses. Many publishers allow reusing an article as a dissertation, but often there are constraints whether the submitted manuscript version, the paul essays rss, accepted version (after including the reviewer’s comments), or the publisher’s version can be used. Information on reusing your own publications can also be found on the publisher’s websites – usually under the headings “Authors’ Rights”, “Copyright Transfer Statement”, “Copyright Transfer Agreement”, “Consent to Publish”, “Copyright – Permissions”, “Manuscript Guidelines”, “Ethics”, “Guidelines”. In case you cannot find the information for cover letter for business, your rights there, many publishers (e.g., Springer Wiley, Elesvier) offer an paul essays rss, automated examination of to synthesise, your request by rss the RightsLink service of the isb recommendation essays, Copyright Clearance Center.

To do so, choose your article on the publisher’s website and click on paul graham essays the link “Request Permission” (or similar). You will be redirected to the “Copyright Clearance Center”. Then select “Reuse in used, a dissertation/thesis” and paul graham essays rss, you will ususally get a free license to include the essays, original article in your dissertation. RightsLink der Frankfurter Buchmesse is also an online platform for paul graham rss, the automated trade with reprint rights, representing Hanser, Thieme, Carlsen, and BasteiLubbe. If you have published your article open access under a Creative-Commons-licence, you did not transfer the copyright to used to synthesise, the publisher and thus, you can continue to essays rss, use your work as you like. 12) I’d like to use an used, illustration for paul graham rss, my thesis from a journal article (or a book chapter) I have written. Dissertation Psychology. Do I have to ask for permission? Yes, usually you do, since you transferred all rights to graham, the publisher (exception: open access publication). Organism To Synthesise. However, many publishers allow reusing parts of paul, your publication in your thesis. In case of for chemosynthesis, a book you should check your individual author’s agreement, in case of journals there are standard agreements.

Information on graham reusing your own publications can also be found on organism used to synthesise the publisher’s websites – usually under the paul, headings “Authors’ Rights”, “Copyright Transfer Statement”, “Copyright Transfer Agreement”, “Consent to essays, Publish”, “Copyright – Permissions”, “Manuscript Guidelines”, “Ethics”, “Guidelines”. In case you cannot find the paul essays rss, information for your rights there, many publishers (e.g., Springer Wiley, Elesvier) offer an automated examination of your request by to synthesise the RightsLink service of the Copyright Clearance Center. To do so, choose your article on the publisher’s website and click on the link “Request Permission” (or similar). You will be redirected to graham rss, the “Copyright Clearance Center”. Then select “Reuse in cover, a dissertation/thesis” and graham essays, you will ususally get a free license to include the original article in your dissertation. RightsLink der Frankfurter Buchmesse is also an online platform for letter analyst, the automated trade with reprint rights, representing Hanser, Thieme, Carlsen, and BasteiLubbe. However, if the illustrations are mere representation of data without any design/editing, you do not need to ask for permission, since pure data are not protected by copyright. 13) How can I publish research data to graham essays, my dissertation? In the sense of organism, Open Access we recommend to make also research data (e. g. measurement and survey data, laboratory values, audio-visual information, texts, software or simulations) accessible by paul graham rss the publication server if you have the obama thesis, rights therefor. Thus, the paul graham rss, data are re-usable and can be cited with an for chemosynthesis, URN or a DOI.

The University Library Regensburg archives the essays rss, data on a long term basis. Research data as supplement to used, your dissertation. If you collected underlying research data to the dissertation and added them as CD-supplement to your printed copies, please upload these data together with your dissertation's PDF to graham, the publication server. The research data will then be stored on defending thesis a long term basis, made visible and paul rss, transferred to dissertations, the German National Library together with your PDF and the appropiate meta data. Therefor create an paul, item with the lse ei past dissertations, type Thesis of the University of Regensburg according to question 5. When you get to the “Upload” stage, first choose your dissertation's PDF to upload it. Then click on Durchsuchen for a second time and paul rss, choose the for chemosynthesis, file with your research data.

If you have many files, it is recommended to graham, combine them into organism used to synthesise, one or several ZIP archives. For every uploaded file you can choose additional options, e.g., choose “Data” as content of the paul, file and “ZIP Archive” or “Other” as the writing defending psychology education, format if not detected automatically. Paul. Especially if you have several files, you should enter a short description for each file, e.g., “Graphics”, “Measurements”, or the like. Also, you can assign a license to each file that allows re-use of your data – for writing dissertation psychology, research data, we recommend the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY) which allows others to re-use your data when citing you properly. If you wish to paul graham rss, publish research data which was created during the research process and cover letter for business, which is not supplement of paul rss, your printed copies, please create a new item on writing dissertation education the publication server. The document type usually should be “dataset”. In the next step, fill in your author name, contact email address, date, keywords, and projects if applicable, as in the item for the dissertation. An example for a title could be Data to the dissertation “Title of the rss, dissertation” . As a summary you may give a description of the data. Enter the item ID of the thesis dissertation psychology, item of your dissertation in the field “Superordinate Entry” (you can find the item ID as part of the item’s URL: eprintid= 12345 or, if the graham essays rss, item has been published already, http://epub.uni-regensburg.de/ 12345 ). If your dissertation has not yet been published, you could ask for simultaneous publication of dissertation and data in the field “Comments and Suggestions (to a member of the library)”.

More information on publishing research data on the publication server is available on the page Research Data. If you have any questions or problems with publishing your data, please contact Cornelia Lang, phone: 0941 943-3904, e-mail: daten@ur.de. Information on CC licenses can be found on our legal information page. More FAQ to the publication server can be found on used to synthesise our help pages. 16) Whom can I ask if I have further questions regarding electronic dissertations, and essays rss, where can I hand in my deposit copies and forms? Gregor Schmidt or Cornelia Lang. phone 0941 943-3904.

Room 525 (take one of the doors on cover letter the left side at the information center) When publishing your dissertation electronically, please deposit it on paul essays the publication server at writing defending thesis, first (see instructions at graham rss, question 5) and then submit the deposit copies together with the defending thesis dissertation, faculty's forms and the library's form (see question 3) after the doctoral examination in our thesis department in paul essays, the central library. Essays. Please give us a short call when you want to come so that we are surely at the office! Submission is usually possible Monday to Friday from 9.30 a.m. to 11.30 a.m. (a short notification is recommended) or on appointment. Of course you can also send the deposit copies with the graham rss, faculty's forms and writing thesis psychology, the library's form by mail to. Hochschulschriftenstelle - Herr Schmidt. Submission at the faculty: Candidates of economics submit their copies always to the faculty.

Some other faculties also want their candidates to contact them before submission. When publishing your dissertation with a publisher, as a cumulative dissertation, or as a printouts from a printing service, please submit it also to your faculty.