Thesis for the degree of master of science

International Baccalaureate/Extended Essay Tips. The Extended Essay (EE) is one of the requirements of the IB Diploma Programme. It provides students with an opportunity to thesis for the of science, conduct independent research on distribution plan, a topic of interest to them. It is written on a freely-chosen topic as long as there is a subject teacher in school, as the candidate must have a subject supervisor. The IBO recommends that candidates spend approximately 40 hours in total on degree of science, their extended essays, and if you put it off until that last weekend, your work won't be nearly as good as it can be. Talk to your IB school supervisor, as it is a and his or her job to set internal school deadlines (i.e. choosing a topic, formulating an outline, rough draft, final draft, etc).

Firstly, find a topic you're actually interested in, or you'll never work on it. Thesis Of Science. Don't stress. After doing all your research 4,000 words is nothing (your first draft could be 6,000-8,000 words). While the plan Extended Essay has the potential to make you hate your own topic (as many academic assignments do), an interest in the topic can motivate you to for the degree, pull through in the end. Of New England Thesis. Many students are appalled at the sheer number of words that this task requires. For The. But by texas essay, following the thesis for the of master guidelines set out for you, you'll quickly realize how hard pressed you will be to contain your work to the limit. Reduce The US Wit Chronic. Make sure that your focus is somewhat specific, or that you have a specific topic in mind (instead of just a general subject area). Example : Your final essay title should be somewhat similar to the style used in the Internal Assessments for the 20th Century World Issues course - specific and focused with some form of cause and effect. Check the official Extended Essay guidelines for more on for the degree of master of science, this - it offers sample essay titles (along with title choosing advice and university thesis essay titles to for the degree of master of science, avoid) for each subject area. If the above example does not apply to you, perhaps ask your IB Coordinator for university of new examples from students past. Many of them keep a record of thesis for the degree of master of science every essay, mainly to ensure there is of new england thesis no plagiarism.

Make sure you stay on top of the work. Look over the guidelines and the explanations. To get a diploma, you need to complete the TOK Essay and the Extended Essay. At best, you can achieve 3 bonus points towards your IB diploma, so don't ignore your schoolwork, as your courses are worth much more. The point matrix is outlined in the Diploma Points Matrix for the Extended Essay and TOK grid in the IBO form. You can still get your diploma if you get a Mediocre on one and an Elementary on thesis, another. NOTE: As of May 2010, an 'Elementary' on both TOK and Extended essay is an automatic fail, but you may still pass with an 'Elementary' on either one, just not both. An 'Elementary' on either is a so called 'failing condition' which requires a minimum 28 points rather than the usual 24 to obtain your diploma. However, you can make a very good essay, provided you allot yourself enough time to write about wit chronic kidney, something you are interested in. The IBO knows that you are between 16 and 18 years old and for the degree of master of science thus does not require a perfect essay or a groundbreaking new discovery. They just want to see that you can work on and complete a big project.

You'll want to pwc strategy cover, write about a topic or subject you're fairly familiar with. Thesis. For instance, if you've nailed the evaluating critical process of writing labs, do a science investigation. It'll be just like a big lab write-up, and writing the method, materials, qualitative/quantitative observations are all part of the thesis for the of science word count, and take up a significant amount of university of new england words. Thesis For The. Find out thesis if there are competitions or scholarship opportunities in which you can enter your essay. Why not kill two birds with one stone and head off to thesis for the of master, university with a scholarship? If you don't win, at least you'll get feedback, something the IBO neglects to give. Everyone wants to coffee distribution plan, write a good Extended Essay, but just remember that it's really not as overwhelming as it sounds. Some candidates will find their first drafts are in the 6,000 to 8,000 range, while others will reach about 2800-3500. In fact, keep in mind that 4,000 words is the maximum word count and not where you must get to.

While most essays have a word count in the 3,900 range, it is perfectly acceptable to for the, submit an essay that is 3,500 words. While there is no actual minimum word count, you would probably want to coffee business, write over 3,000 words, since a short essay might imply that the thesis degree of master topic was not investigated thoroughly enough. However, some topics - mathematics among them - may require only 2,000 words to fully investigate them. Thesis Writing. Keep legible, consistent and accurate notes that include bibliographic information. There's nothing more annoying than browsing through a 1200 page book looking for degree where that key quotation came from. Cite your sources in a consistent manner (either in MLA or APA format, or some other recognized format).

IBO is very strict with plagiarism, so remember that the text has to be your own and do not forget to make references. You will have to sign an IBO form certifying that your EE is your own, and university of new has no unsourced material in thesis of master, it, before they will even read your essay. Failure to submit an Extended Essay will result in no diploma being awarded. Use the internet to find information but do include books in your research especially if your essay is not on the Sciences. Be skeptical in your use of the internet. Anyone can post anything, so read with a critical eye.

Generally, university and academic websites are good sources to wit chronic disease, refer to. News sources are generally reliable, but be sure to stay away from of science, gossip media which often contorts the truth. Keep in mind that a general guide line used in many schools is 5 sources minimum for the IA in History, so if you are doing a History paper aim to have as close to ten sources as possible if not more for the EE. Once you have researched your topic, you should spend a lot of time structuring and organizing your essay. Make sure your essay has a clear introduction, research question/focus (i.e. what you will be investigating), body, and conclusion. A poorly organized or unclear essay will hurt the assessment of your essay. You should also spend some time making sure that your 300-word abstract is clear and coffee business succinct in summarizing your essay.

An unclear abstract will make your essay difficult to understand and will also hurt the for the degree of master of science assessment of reduce the US kidney disease your essay. Although this is stated in thesis, the General Requirements for the Extended Essay, I feel it is essay necessary to repeat: if you are doing a paper in a subject not offered at your school, be very careful , especially if doing your paper in World Religions. You might want to either reconsider your choice of topic, or make sure you have several people with good credibility in for the of master of science, that topic reading your paper. If you don't, especially in World Religions, you could end up offending your reader, and I promise you, you do not want to do that. Evaluating. You can do your extended essay on for the degree of science, any topic for which an IB class exists - i.e. something like Islamic History, which only about 100 candidates a year write about. However, you cannot do your extended essay in a and m application, Theory of Knowledge, most pilot subjects and school-based syllabus subjects (check with your IB coordinator).

Bear in mind that getting a good score in your extended essay, combined with your score for your Theory of Knowledge essay, may reward you with up to 3 bonus points. So aim high! The above site is quite useful in perusing tips and hints for writing the essay, in thesis degree of science, addition to viewing the IBO standards for texas a and m application the essay. Note that the above link is for consideration purposes only. three: The Ultimate Student's Guide to Acing the Extended Essay and thesis for the degree of master of science Theory of Knowledge by Alexander Zouev - a book full of tips and cover time savers for IB EE.

Grendel and Beowulf: Fighting the Mirror Image. The very nature of a social group necessitates that there are those who are in the group as well as those who are outside the group. The qualities that may be good and admirable in a member of one's own group can be the same things that are feared or despised in somebody from outside one's group. Degree Of Master Of Science. In the fight between Beowulf and thesis, Grendel, both seem to be equally matched in strength. However, it is clear that one has a definite advantage over the other. Grendel will be defeated. Grendel must be defeated. Why, you may ask? Grendel has to be defeated because he is a monster.

Although it seems that I am making a moral statement or some sort of call to action, I am not. Grendel must be defeated, for he is a monster. Of course some may say that this statement is just a statement of the obvious path a heroic tale will naturally take. Regardless of the truth of that statement, it is missing the point I am trying to make. What I am saying is that the thesis of master of science same set of reduce wit chronic kidney, circumstances that cause Grendel to be a monster, is the same set of circumstances that lead to his defeat at the hand of of science, Beowulf.

Grendel and Beowulf are mirror images of one another and this, combined with the differences in their pasts and social standing is what ultimately leads to m application essay, Grendel's defeat. The causes of his defeat will be made clear by an analysis of the character of Grendel and by thesis for the degree contrast Beowulf through Sigmund Freud's theories of the id, ego and super-ego and his theories on the uncanny, as well as through Jacques Lacan's writings about The Mirror Stage of development. Many writers have dealt with the similarity in character of Beowulf and Grendel and have dealt with the question of the distinction between a monster and a non-monster. Although this subject is a portion of my paper, the question of what makes Beowulf the evaluating critical victor over Grendel seems to for the, be dealt with less. There are clear reasons why Beowulf is defeated. An important one is the issue of the uncanny.

This subject is dealt with in David Sander's The Uncanny in Beowulf. He gives us a good background on Freud's theories on the uncanny and its function in Beowulf. He shows us the a and uncanniness of Grendel. He points to the fact that both Beowulf and thesis for the degree of science, Grendel are mirror images of one another: both Grendel and Beowulf meet at the limit of. the human and grasp hands across it in a combat which reveals them as uncanny doubles for one another (Sanders 169).

Even though he states that they are uncanny doubles of the other, Sanders doesn't explore the geology writing idea that Beowulf embodies the uncanny from Grendel's point of of master of science, view. The analysis of Beowulf, the geology thesis hero and Grendel, the defeated monster starts with their similarities. Jacques Lacan wrote about the mirror stage in an individual's development and how this stage influences an individual throughout its whole life. This mirror stage is instrumental in degree of science pointing to Beowulf's defeat of Grendel. The mirror stage takes place when a child first realizes that he is a being that is critical distinct and separate from his surroundings. At this stage the individual creates an ideal image of himself that Lacan calls the Ideal-I. This image is a perfected sense of self that the individual strives to reach his whole life. Lacan tells us that the individual in the mirror stage must be understood as an of master identification. The transformation that takes place in the subject when he assumes an critical thinking image - whose predestination to phase-effect is sufficiently indicated by the use . Thesis. . University England. . of the ancient term 'imago' (1124). Imago is a term that Freud used for the mental picture of a beloved parent that becomes the individuals pattern for relationships. Lacan uses this term a little differently than Freud and uses Imago as a mental picture of the Ideal-I that an individual forms in the mirror stage.

Lacan believed the mirror stage to be a function of the imago that helped to thesis of science, establish the individual's relation between their inner world and the outer world. I also see this as related to Freud's balance of the id, ego and super-ego which helps an individual to reconcile their inner drives of the thinking id to the excepted social norms of the outside world. The difference of lineage between Beowulf and Grendel points to the difference in their forming of the imago and in their respective Ideal-I. The question of lineage is thesis degree of master a major theme in the poem. Beowulf concentrates on . the crucial sites in genealogical or patrilineal succession. The poem opens with a fatherless father whose past is unknown, Scyld, and distribution business, closed with the death of a childless son, Beowulf (Lees 430).

The question of lineage is an important subject in the time of Beowulf and was traced through the father. Beowulf comes from a respected lineage. By contrast, Grendel had no father. Therefore, he had no way to thesis degree, trace his lineage. What we do find out from the author of the poem about Grendel's lineage, is that Grendel is a kin of Cain (Donaldson 5). The character of university of new england thesis, Cain, the for the degree of master of science murderer of his brother Abel, is known biblically as the first murderer. Cain was cursed to live as a wanderer and became an outcast. Beowulf is university of new thesis a member of society and Grendel is thesis for the of master of science not welcome to be a member of society.

Grendel might not approach the throne, [receive] treasure, because of the Lord; he had no love for him (Donaldson 6). Being unable to live as part of society keeps Grendel from receiving any gifts and causes him to have no money with which to pwc strategy consulting cover letter, pay wergeld. Wergeld (man-price) is a person's worth in thesis for the of master money. If a person kills another in this society, a wergeld is to be paid to their family. Grendel has no money and england, therefore cannot pay wergeld. For The Of Science. Interestingly, the biblical Cain, of which Grendel is said to be a descendant also cannot pay a wergeld because upon distribution business plan killing his brother, there is no way to pay his family their own money back. This results in Grendel not being able to be part of the thesis degree of master surrounding society. Grendel being cast out of society, like Mary Shelly's Frankenstein, causes him to have no choice but to become a monster. Jay Ruud states: Grendel is barred from receiving the gifts of a Germanic lord, and how the monster can ever be expected to pay the essay customary and thesis for the, legal wergeld to the families of those he devours. Three times he is called an ellorgast - 'outcast spirit.' (9).

Beowulf as a part of his society has as his Freudian Imago, a parent who is a and essay part of the community and for the degree of master, of a respected lineage. By contrast, Grendel's Freudian Imago is distribution business based on his mother who is degree of master of science not accepted into society and lives on the outskirts. Grendel is an of new thesis outcast. Grendel's race has been composed of fugitives since the time of God's curse on thesis for the degree Cain. (Phillips 45). The wandering outcast, or person without a home would be a well known and fearful image to the Beowulf poet's contemporaries. Like the biblical Cain, Grendel not only lives quite literally on the outskirts of society, but mentally is a person without a home. Jeffery Jerome Cohen compares a person without a home to a person who cannot find a sense of his Ideal-I: Compare this Anglo-Saxon quest for a warm hall to distribution plan, Lucan's description of the subject's battle for a coherent 'I'.

Because this image is exterior to the subject, a gap opens that cannot be bridged or filled in. The Lacanian unconscious is a place, an imaginary geography in every way parallel to the wintry wastes and churning seas over which the Anglo Saxon exile wanders, (Cohen 356). This physical and mental persona non grata status that Grendel possesses seems to find him with an imperfect form of his Ideal-I. Grendel's lack of a father figure further affects him negatively. Sigmund Freud states, The super-ego arises, as we know, from the identification with the father taken as a model (655).

Freud states in of master of science his works that the super-ego is a formed of influences of the father figure and through the regulations of society. This is not to imply of course that anyone who does not have a father will turn into a cannibalistic monster, but in the case of Grendel, not having a father figure and being cut off from society seems to result in his having a non-existent or at least under formed super-ego. The superego acts as our conscience. It checks our id and keeps us from breaking society's taboos. Because of society not allowing Grendel's super-ego to england thesis, form, the society created the monster in Grendel. An individuals need to fit in to society can be very important. If an individual feels that they have no place in their world it can lead to violence. Many mass shootings in our own time are caused by monsters that feel like they do not have any place to fit in. An example of this is in the April 20, 1999 shooting at for the of science Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, in which two student outcasts, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold murdered twelve of their fellow students, one teacher, and lastly killed themselves. As Murray Forman states: In life, the perpetrators were outsiders, first by social circumstance and later by choice: in of new england death, their outsider status was discursively recast, and they emerged not simply as misguided juveniles but as unfeeling beasts, as monsters (Forman 67).

These students felt left out of their society at degree of master of science school. Unfortunately, many other incidents of violence, school and otherwise involve perpetrators with the pwc strategy consulting cover same sad profile of these two. Of Master Of Science. They were generally ostracized by the other students and withdrew into a world of their own. Often being taunted or made fun of especially by the popular kids and the jocks at their school, they were constantly reminded that they were not to consider themselves part of the school society. Without any choice but to have to be at school, they eventually lashed out against a system they felt powerless in. I am not defending these boys actions as in any way morally right, but I am attempting to provide some understanding to their motives. Evaluating. How similar is our friend Grendel.

Who is not allowed to be part of his society in any way. We must remember that being a part of society isn't always our own choice. David Sanders points to this fact: He is hopeless and forlorn. Of Master. Anyone might, by the turning of fate, be subject to exile. Of New Thesis. Grendel's dual nature confronts us with the possibility that we might turn out to be exiles, and, beyond that, monsters as well. Grendel's uncanniness allows us, on thesis of master of science the one hand, to fear him and, on the other, to thesis, fear we might be him. Thesis Of Master. (167)

Sander's quote points us to the old adage, There but for the grace of God, go I. In this case the adage is quite literal. Grendel who is not only a and m application, outcast from thesis degree of master society, but also doesn't have the grace of critical, God, being a kin of Cain. Whether we are in a high school where we are unable to define our own place, or in a society such as Grendel's that relegates him to a certain place within it, sometimes there seems to be no choice in being who you want to be. In the case of Grendel, through no fault of his own he is an outcast to his society, thus leaving him no other position as to either disappear or become a monster. Burial Mound In Sweden That Some Feel To Be the Burial Place Of Beowulf. Beowulf's Ideal-I is more completely formed.

He has no father figure problems to overcome and thesis degree of master, his having a respected lineage, helps him to belong to a respectable place in society. Beowulf's super-ego keeps him in check and allows the aggressions of his id to manifest themselves in a more socially acceptable manner. He, in opposition to the Columbine shooters mentioned in coffee distribution plan he previous paragraph, has more the position of one of the jocks in thesis for the of master of science the school. He has violent urges, true, but there are ways in these can be channeled. For the jocks at of new england Columbine that were well respected members of their society, aggression could be vented in sports, or in tormenting the outcasts. For Beowulf, killing monsters is a socially acceptable way to vent his aggression.

Beowulf, when hearing of the monster Grendel, the of master mirror image in cover letter strength of himself, feels the need to do battle with him. Perhaps at thesis for the of master of science this point, Beowulf may feel his imago to be threatened by texas m application this image of Grendel; a mirror image, but yet a monster. Lacan referred to the image of the fragmented body (1126) which is in opposition to the perfected body of the Ideal-I. Though Grendel's body is strong, it is monstrous. This may be a reminder to for the of science, Beowulf of his own fragmented body. This giving Beowulf more motivation to seek out and defeat him. Both Beowulf and Grendel are affected by seeing each other as their mirror image. This recognition takes place for each character at a different time. This difference in time is a large factor in Grendel's defeat.

As I previously stated, we know from the poem that they are mirror images of one another in strength. If we were placing bets on evaluating thinking who the thesis for the degree winner of this battle would be by strength alone, it would seem to be a 50/50 shot. Grendel was undefeated by Hrothgar's armed men for twelve years. Beowulf is described as stronger than any of his contemporaries. One of the biggest differences that timing made in the victory of Beowulf was that he knew of Grendel first and was able to prepare himself for his meeting with his rival. Coffee Plan. Beowulf, while in his homeland, hears the tale of the monster of Heorot and thesis for the of science, identifies himself with Grendel. In Laura Mulvey's essay, Visual Pleasure and The Narrative Cinema, she refers to Lacan's mirror stage and compares it to the viewer in the cinema. The viewer sees the main male character as a mirror image of themselves.

For Beowulf, hearing of Grendel, Grendel is the m application essay main male character of the tale that Beowulf heard. For The Degree. It seems likely that he projected himself onto Grendel as a mirror image. Writing. This gave Beowulf a distinct advantage in degree the coming battle. First, he was aware of his opponent. Coffee Distribution. Second, he expected his opponent to degree of master of science, be as mirror-strong as himself. Third, he knew the actions of his opponent and could lie in pwc strategy wait, knowing where he would meet and surprise him. Poor Grendel does not have any of the advantages that Beowulf has, he is of science not even aware of the existence of his opponent until he finds himself locked in battle with him. Geology Writing. Knowing he is for the degree of science stronger than any man, Grendel tears into Heorot unaware that he is going to be faced with a mirror image of himself in strength.

Straightway the fosterer of crimes knew that he had not encountered on middle-earth, anywhere in this world, a harder hand-grip from another man. In mind, he became frightened, in his spirit; not for the US kidney disease, that might he escape the sooner. (Donaldson 14-15). In this part of the text, we realize that Grendel has come face to face with a mirror image of for the, himself. This mirror image is more perfect than he would have pictured for himself, for not only is this opponent big and strong, but he also belongs to society and carries with it all that entails. Picture coming in contact with someone exactly like you, who is richer, more popular, of better social standing and a having a better job than you. Now picture this person, trying to kill you. This will give you a bit of empathy for what Grendel was encountering. It is at this point that Grendel comes face to face with the uncanny and spends the remainder of the fight trying to get away from what frightens him.

Freud in The Uncanny, describes the role of the double: The double was originally an insurance against cover the destruction of the ego . Such ideas, however have sprung from the soil of unbounded self-love, from the primary narcissism which dominates the mind of the child and of primitive man. But when this stage has been surmounted, the 'double' reversed the aspect. From having been an assurance of immortality, it becomes the uncanny harbinger of death. (522-523) So, at this point, I must feel pity for poor Grendel, who only moments ago was not only thesis for the, thrown from his youthful narcissistic stage by being confronted with a mirror of self. He is immediately faced with an uncanny and quite literal harbinger of texas essay, death. To further frighten the wits out of poor Grendel, the seizing of the apparently sleeping Beowulf and finding a man beyond any known strength further added to the uncanniness he was experiencing. As Freud further remarks, the uncanny is brought about by the familiar which contains something which ought to have remained hidden, but has come to light. Thesis For The Of Science. (517). Texas A And. In this case, Beowulf is literally hidden but comes to light, but more so, the thesis for the degree fact that Grendel's strength isn't all he thought it was is a hidden fact brought to light by Beowulf. The advantage clearly lies with Beowulf, not only in mounting a surprise attack, but by causing Grendel to confront his mirror self.

Grendel was afraid and his survival instinct just told him to get away. Critical. He was only able to do so by surrendering his arm and thereby, his life to Beowulf. Grendel returns to the only place he can call home and finds the end of his life, confused, afraid and next to mother, contemplating his image of self that has just been so badly broken. Grendel encountered something strange - someone unexpected, someone like him. This somebody like himself, somebody with great strength and a taste for violence, has something that he doesn't have, something he is unable to have - social acceptance. Grendel had no chance to win this fight, he was a monster. Being a monster is a losing proposition.

The very factors that make one a monster, make one fated to lose. The issue of social acceptance is still important to us today. Like Grendel, people that feel that they are not part of their society are more likely to thesis of science, act in violent and consulting letter, anti-social ways. Sometimes people with violent tendencies can find ways within society to channel these feelings into thesis for the degree, socially acceptable ways as Beowulf did. But if those people are not made to consulting cover letter, feel that they are part of the total picture of society, the results at best can be a sad life for them, or at worst, a harmful or deadly situation for people that they come into contact with. The same qualities that both Grendel and thesis for the degree, Beowulf share are both shaped and interpreted by the position that each has in their society. Social acceptance has great power. It can make one side of the mirror a hero and make the other side of the distribution mirror a monster. Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. The Ruins Of Identity The Postmodern Beowulf. Ed.

Eileen A. Joy and Mary K. Ramsey. Morgantown, West Virginia: West Virginia University Press, 2006. 345-381. Print. Donaldson, E. Talbot. Beowulf A Prose Translation. Degree Of Science. New York: Norton, 2002. Print. Forman, Murray.

Freaks, Aliens, and the Social Other: Representations of Student Stratification in U.S. Texas Essay. Television's First Post-Columbine Season. For The Degree. Velvet Light Trap: A Critical Journal of Film Television Spring. Reduce The US Disease. 53 (2004): 66-82. Print. Freud, Sigmund. Thesis. The Freud Reader. England Thesis. New York: Norton, 1989. Print. ---. 'The Uncanny ' The Critical Tradition.

Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends. Ed. Richter, David A. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. For The Of Science. Martins, 2007. 514-523. Print. Lacan, Jacques. The Mirror Stage as Formative of the Function of the I a Revealed in of new england Psychoanalytic Experience The Critical Tradition. Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends. Ed.

Richter, David A. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2007. 1123-1128. Print. Lees, Clare A. Men and Beowulf The Postmodern Beowulf. Ed. Thesis For The Degree Of Master. Eileen A. Joy and Mary K. Ramsey. Morgantown, West Virginia: West Virginia University Press, 2006. Geology Writing. 417-438. Print.

Mulvey, Laura. For The Of Master Of Science. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema The Critical Tradition. Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends. The Critical Tradition. Geology Thesis Writing. Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends. Ed. Richter, David A. Boston, MA: Bedford/St.

Martins, 2007. 1172 -1180. Print. Phillips, James. In The Company of Predators; Beowulf and the Monstrous Descendants of Cain. Angelaki; a new journal in philosophy, literature and the social sciences. 13.3. Ruud, Jay.

Gardner's Grendel and Beowulf; Humanizing the Monster. Thoth 14. 2-3 (1974): Sandner, David. Tracking Grendel: The Uncanny in Beowulf. Extrapolation: A Journal of thesis for the of master of science, Science Fiction and Fantasy 40.2 (1999): 162-76. Print. The Death of Beowulf: Why and How Did Beowulf Die. Anglo-Saxon and Germanic Culture: The Historical Setting in essay Beowulf.

Life Lessons From the for the degree Novel, Siddhartha. by sarahperkins 4. by Josh Wilmoth 0. Anglo-Saxon and distribution plan, Germanic Culture: The Historical Setting in Beowulf. Divided Self Theme in Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr.

Hyde by Nancy Snyder 2. Definition and for the of master, Characteristics of thinking, Shakespearean Tragedy. by Muhammad Rafiq 47. No comments yet. Copyright 2017 HubPages Inc. and thesis for the degree of master of science, respective owners. Pwc Strategy Cover. Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of degree of master of science, their respective owners. HubPages ® is a registered Service Mark of HubPages, Inc. HubPages and Hubbers (authors) may earn revenue on this page based on affiliate relationships and advertisements with partners including Amazon, Google, and others.

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acupuncture essay by Chris Sullivan. Keywords: acupuncture, moxibustion, acupressure, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Oriental Medicine, Chinese Medicine, needles, herbal medicine, qi, yin, yang, yellow emperor, China, TCM. Elucidated in the following paper are the thesis of science, basic processes of acupuncture, a brief history of its development, as well as how it is viewed by Western medicine compared to its founding Confucian and Daoist philosophies. Unfortunately, this paper doesn’t even begin to scratch the surface of acupuncture. A And Essay! The issue of thesis degree of master of science, qi and Yin-Yang theory is also vastly more complex than its brief relationship to acupuncture described below.

The details of Chinese history have a great significance not offered here, and other social and health arguments for and against acupuncture could comprise another entire paper of great length. The following sections will provide enough information for texas a and m application the curious reader to degree, learn a bit about the US wit chronic kidney what acupuncture is, where it comes from, and how it works. For The Of Master Of Science! II. Scope and Purpose of the System. Acupuncture is an aspect of Chinese medicine, a holistic system of medicine, that began in China over 2,000 years ago. University England Thesis! The basic practice of acupuncture “involves the degree of master of science, insertion of thin, sterile, [and usually disposable] stainless steel needles into points of the body to geology, a depth just below the skin.” [1] Upon insertion, a patient may feel a number of sensations ranging from thesis of science, numbness to tingling or aching. “This sensation, which is not pain, is called deqi (pronounced dah-chee).” [2] The points at which the practitioner inserts the needles have been very carefully mapped. Today, there exist hundreds of acupoints located along meridians , pathways through which the life force, qi (pronounced chee), flows. The specific points chosen for needle insertion are determined through the mysterious practice of texas a and m application, pulse diagnosis. Of Master! The acupuncturist can feel “the flow of qi through each of the twelve major meridians.” [3] Other aspects of the diagnosis involve observation of a patient’s demeanor, skin, complexion, emotions, or body build. Acupuncturists who don’t speak English will have no discussion with their patient, while others may provide questionnaires or conduct thorough interviews. Once the needles are inserted, the practitioner will occasionally move them to thinking, cause stimulation.

Treatment times last from a few seconds to forty minutes. The acupuncturist may stay with the patient during treatment, or leave the degree, room allowing the patient to relax or sleep. There are four other systems in Chinese medicine that are periodically used in addition to and/or in conjunction with acupuncture. Herbal medicine brings balance to the qi in three forms, the raw herb, a tablet or pill form for consulting cover swallowing, and as an herbal extract for making tea. Moxibustion is the burning of for the, mugwort on an acupoint to texas, introduce heat into the treatment. Thesis Of Master Of Science! Acupressure, or needle-less acupuncture is a massage of acupoints and meridians to stimulate qi. Finally, wires connected to needles provide electric stimulus during treatment. Acupuncture exists to make the reduce the US, patient feel better physically or emotionally.

Most popularly used to treat pain (chronic, surgical, arthritic, etc.); it has also proved successful as an anesthetic during surgery. Degree! The traditional basis of acupuncture resides in Confucian and Daoist philosophies and reduce the US kidney, the Yin-Yang Theory. In brief, yin and yang are opposing forces in the world, such as cold and warm. Yet, yin and yang are inseparable and one can not exist without the other. In Chinese medicine, yin and yang combine to become the qi.

A person’s health is affected when there is an imbalance of qi in the body. Through the above described processes, acupuncture stimulates qi and restores natural balance to the body to bring about mental, physical, and degree of master, emotional well-being. III. Authority Structure. Sources and Criteria of Valid Knowledge. Texts written hundreds and thousands of thesis writing, years ago are the thesis of master, true sources of acupuncture knowledge. Some of the most important throughout history are as follows: · Ma Wang-dui scripts – As one of the three earliest texts of Chinese medicine from the university england, Han dynasty (206 BC to 220 AD), it helped shed light on the theory and conceptualization of medicine at that time. · Nan Jing (The Classic of Difficult Issues) – It integrated “for the first time all aspects of health care into the yin-yang and five-phase doctrines.” [4] Meridians are also elaborated upon and qi is thesis for the of master, a more prominent force. The greatest contribution of this text was the development of pulse diagnosis. Pwc Strategy Consulting Letter! It is the second of the three earliest texts from the Han dynasty. · Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine) – Considered the thesis of master of science, most important acupuncture text, the Nei Jing is comprised of two books, the Su Wen (Fundamental Questions) , a history of medical theory, and texas m application, the Ling Shu (Spiritual Axis/Pivot) , an acupuncture manual. These books explained the theory of yin and thesis for the of science, yang in the body as well as developed the of new, meridians, hundreds of thesis of master, acupoints, and how the qi is related to evaluating critical thinking, them.

It is the third of the three earliest texts from the Han dynasty. · Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (The Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and thesis degree of master of science, Moxibustion) – Written by Huang-fu Mi in 282, this text emphasized disease prevention and healing techniques through acupuncture. It took a prophylactic approach as well as mapped moxibustion points. · Zhen Jing Zhi Nan – Dou Han-jing’s publication of this text during the Song dynasty (960 to 1264) provided a description of acupuncture performed in accordance with calendar cycles. · Shi Si Jing Fa Hui (An Elucidation of the Fourteen Channels) – In 1341, Hua Shuo continued the development and research of geology thesis writing, meridians and degree of science, acupoints. · Zhen Jiu Da Quan – Xu Feng’s Ming dynasty text (1368 to 1643) continued calendar and body cycle acupuncture treatment research. · Zhen Jiu Ju Ying – Also during the Ming dynasty, Gao Wu “introduced the use of supplementing and draining acupoints.” [5] · Zhen Jiu Da Cheng – Yang Ji-zhou’s 1601 work continued to develop acupoints as well as reflect upon wit chronic kidney, consensual medical theories in the Chinese community. · Ben Cao Gang Mu – Li Shi-zhen’s Ming dynasty text also looked at acupuncture from the view of the greater consensus. The process by which one went about obtaining knowledge of acupuncture and Chinese medicine in ancient times is not wholly clear. For The Degree Of Master! If someone had access to writing, the texts described above, they could have learned on their own. For The Degree Of Master Of Science! This method seems highly unlikely.

The system is so deep and complicated that it would take someone years of coffee distribution business, study just to begin to of master of science, grasp its concepts without aid, not to mention being a well versed and able practitioner of the distribution business plan, system. It is thesis for the of master, probable that aspiring acupuncturists were under the tutelage of pwc strategy consulting cover letter, a teacher or guru. There is evidence that this tutor was a member of the family and the trade was passed from generation to generation, but there is also support for the case that the person was the local medicine man who was believed to posses a special healing ability, teaching his craft to pupils who would carry it on. It is likely that both of thesis for the, these scenarios occurred. These people would instruct their students through means of textual study, demonstration and/or experimentation, and various spiritual practices in accordance with their belief of and adherence to Confucian or Daoist principles. University Of New England Thesis! Institutions and Professional Structure. Not until 702 was the first school of Chinese medicine established, ironically, in Japan . Gradually, more and more schools were developed through present day, and thus the typical means for acquiring this knowledge is in a formal classroom setting. For The Degree Of Science! One dramatic example was during the Ming dynasty when great prosperity and sharing of knowledge led to the establishment of many schools across China , each unique and based on its own interpretation of popular theories and of new england thesis, ideologies. In the 1950’s, as a result of need for health care, China established schools that incorporated aspects of Chinese and Western medicine through a “standardized curricula… (teaching) basic biomedical sciences, traditional pharmacotherapy, and acupuncture.” [6] This marked the beginning of a regulated interrelation between the two systems of medicine.

The World Health Organization continued this trend when it sponsored a series of programs in the 1970’s that caused a great movement by physicians to go to China to learn about acupuncture. Its success led to similar programs elsewhere for non-physicians. Today most states in the U.S. require certification or licensing for acupuncture now. For example, in the U.S. in 1996, twenty two states licensed acupuncturists, twelve limited their licensing to MD’s and DO’s, eight allowed it under the supervision of a physician, and the rest had no regulations. This is for the of master, typical of many other countries as well. Beginning in thesis, China over two thousand years ago, acupuncture is one of the thesis for the of master of science, most ancient medical systems still in practice today. The seeds of acupuncture were planted during the Middle and reduce wit chronic, Late Zhou dynasties (772 BC to 221 BC), when its founding philosophies, Confucianism and Daoism, arose. The Qin dynasty (221 BC to 206 BC) provided no medical progress due to political and civil unrest, but the Han dynasty (206 BC to 220 AD) was the for the, opposite. During this time three “primary” texts of acupuncture, the Ma Wang-dui scripts , the Nan Jing , and the Huang Di Nei Jing were published. University Of New England Thesis! (*Note: More details on each book, school, or other source of acupuncture is described in more detail in Section III.) The body was now seen in terms of the interdependence of degree of science, its organ systems and how the flow of qi through those systems was essential in texas essay, maintaining health and well being.

By the thesis for the of master, end of the Han dynasty, Chinese medicine and acupuncture were in thesis, full bloom. Thesis For The Degree Of Master! The following centuries brought varying periods of advancement and decline in acupuncture. The introduction of Buddhism to China (220 to kidney disease, 589) caused political strife. The religion had little influence on acupuncture and the system continued to develop, most notably, Huang-fu Mi’s Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing. The ability to heal through acupuncture was being realized and qi, in thesis, relation to diagnosis and acupoint choices, was also further researched. The popularity and success of the system caused its spread into Korea , Vietnam , and Japan . Critical! The Sui dynasty (590 to 617) saw the thesis degree of master, medicine man Sun Si-miao combine “Daoism and Buddhist theory with that of systematic correspondence” [7] to create measurement techniques to describe acupoint positions that are still used today.

Despite economic well being, the emperors of the Tang dynasty (618 to 906) were more interested in alchemy, astrology, and the search for the elixir of immortality. Evaluating! Thus medicine saw little advance other than a new edition of the Huang Di Nei Jing . The spread of acupuncture to Nara , Japan did result in the first Imperial medical college during this time though. After fifty years of decline, the Song dynasty (960 to thesis for the degree of master, 1264), marked by Neo-Confucianism, brought a renewed view of qi as well as rigorous study of the Nan Jing . The greatest text from this period was Dou Han-jing’s Zhen Jing Zhi Nan , which expanded upon the second edition Huang Di Nei Jing . The Mongol ruler Genghis Khan governed China during the Yuan dynasty (1264 to 1368). Despite this, flow of philosophical and medical knowledge was not hindered, and thus acupuncture continued to grow in a and essay, the form of Hua Shuo’s Shi Si Jing Fa Hui . For The Of Science! The Ming dynasty (1368 to 1643) retook China and wide spread education and knowledge prevailed. More books were available than ever before and medical schools were established across the empire.

Due to abundant knowledge, acupuncture experienced its first criticism from other systems and philosophies. This criticism was great enough to evaluating, cause a slight decline in its popularity. Thesis Degree! However, it did not prevent new research. Xu Feng published Zhen Jiu Da Quan and Zhen Jiu Ji Ying was written by Gao Wu. The most important work was Yang Ji-zhou’s Zhen Jiu Da Cheng . Along with Li Shi-zhen’s Ben Cao Gang Mu , it comprised “the most comprehensive medical volumes of Chinese medical knowledge before modern times.” [8] The Qing dynasty (1644 to 1911) was the final dynasty in China . Though under Manchurian rule, these three peaceful centuries were nothing but decline due to numerous circumstances. The peace broke out in rebellion in the 19 th century due to distribution business plan, food shortages, leading to the formation of the thesis for the, Chinese Republic . Acupuncture and Chinese medicine fared similarly. Strong Western influences and the lack of any new developments caused people to give up on traditional medicine. A few “traditionalists” attempted to revive it under the Han-Xue movement, but by coffee distribution business, 1930 were unsuccessful. In fact, in 1929, “registration of traditional doctors was ceased, and an announcement was made by the Ministry of Health proposing the for the degree of master of science, abolishment of traditional medicine altogether.” [9] After World War II, Chinese medicine made its come back out of cover letter, necessity. The People’s Republic of China had millions of people in need of health care and for the, only about 40,000 Western physicians.

But, 500,000 people trained in traditional medicine also existed. An agreement was reached during the 1950’s to set up traditional medical schools that would incorporate aspects of Western medical science. From this arose the use of acupuncture as an anesthetic in business, Western medicine during surgery. In the 1970’s, the World Health Organization sponsored acupuncture programs, facilitating its rebirth. For The! Thousands of letter, people every year obtain Chinese medicine and acupuncture licensing or certification where it is available and usually required. After such a long and difficult history, acupuncture finds its greatest popularity and success in the modern era. This is a tribute to the strength of the system, while steeped in tradition and strong philosophical beliefs, it is still flexible and accepting enough to new ideas to ensure its survival for another two thousand years.

V. Representative Examples of Argumentation. Ever since the initial meeting between Western and for the, Chinese medicine, there have been varying degrees of conflict and coffee distribution business plan, criticism between them. Most argumentation revolves around how it works internally. The supporters of Confucian and Daoist beliefs defend acupuncture in thesis degree of master of science, the following manner. Writing! As a holistic system, Chinese medicine focuses on the body as a whole rather than what is being directly affected by the ailment. According to these philosophies, “in the beginning there is the Great Ultimate ( T’ai-chi ). It engenders yin and yang…” [10] Often considered the most important concept of Chinese medicine, the Yin-Yang Theory encompasses the world. “All things in the universe are either yin or yang. For The! However, there are no absolutes: nothing is ever all yin or all yang, but a balance between the two forces.” [11] Two examples from the Huang Di Nei Jing illustrate this concept very well: Day gives way to university england thesis, night, night to day; a time of thesis degree of science, light and activity (Yang) is followed by darkness and rest (Yin)… Yin/Yang is a constant, continual flow through which everything is expressed on the one hand and recharged on the other.

They are an inseparable couple. Their proper relationship is health; a disturbance in this relationship is disease. University Of New Thesis! [12] The yin-yang symbol is also another good example of the relationship between the two. The white half is yin and for the of science, the dark is yang, but the circle of yang in the yin half and the circle of yin in the yang half symbolize how one can never be without the other. Yin and yang are also commonly associated with opposite geology, entities or characteristics, for example: yin is female, night, moist, and degree of master, while yang is male, day, dry, and hot, just to name a few. The last sentence in university of new england thesis, the selection above from the Huang Di Nei Jing demonstrates the yin-yang relationship to thesis for the degree, Chinese medicine.

It translates in such a way that “nature and laws that govern the natural world are used to help us understand the inner world, the world of the body. Reduce Wit Chronic Kidney! The person is seen as a microcosm of a holographic universe.” [13] Like the world is characterized by yin and yang, so too are opposing parts of the body. These concepts are the fundamentals of qi. Yin and yang together make up qi in the body, thus an imbalance in either of these energies creates an imbalance in one’s qi, which leads to sickness, pain, or injury. Degree Of Science! Thus, “every treatment modality is aimed at one of these four strategies: To eliminate excess Yang. Reduce The US Wit Chronic Kidney Disease! To eliminate excess Yin.” [14] As stated, the qi is the vital life force that flows through the body. “Qi is derived from two main sources: the air we breathe and the food we eat.” [15] It affects all organs, tissues, structures, and fluids. Qi can stagnate, or become imbalanced for any number of for the degree of science, reasons: emotional problems, excess heat or cold, mechanical injury, etc. Through acupuncture treatments, the practitioner is ultimately affecting the qi to heal the patient. On the other hand, Western medicine tends to explain the inner workings of acupuncture based on five primary theories: “Augmentation of Immunity” Theory – Acupuncture raises levels of hormones, white blood cells, triglycerides, globulins, and evaluating, other anti-bodies. “Endorphin” Theory – Endorphin levels are raised through treatment. “Neurotransmitter” Theory – Treatments affect neurotransmitter levels such as serotonin. “Circulatory” Theory – Acupuncture can control vasodilation and vasoconstriction. “Gate Control” Theory – This popular theory states that nerves, when stimulated enough, will shut down.

The smaller nerves being those that shut down first. Nerves relaying pain signals tend to be smaller, and therefore acupuncture is temporarily shutting them down. After examining both sides of the issue, people will still ask why these reasons work to heal. When it comes down to it, most people after trying it will be satisfied with the reason: It just does! From a personal perspective, I have received acupuncture four times for chronic lower back pain. Three of those times were performed by thesis for the degree of master of science, an elderly Chinese man, Dr.

Bill Tseng, and each a success. The fourth time it was performed by thesis, a young white man, Dr. Rick Woodward, and thesis for the of master, it had no effect. University Of New! When I told Dr. Tseng about Dr. Woodward’s treatment, he said that “sometimes a white practitioner will be too tentative with the thesis of master of science, needles and not apply enough stimulation because they are afraid they will injure the patient. This is a result of them not understanding the body and how the systems work.” By “understanding the body and how the systems work,” I took Dr. Tseng to geology thesis writing, be a believer in the qi and thesis of master, yin-yang (Chinese heritage not withstanding).

Ironically, when asked about geology writing this issue, his reply was: “They just didn’t know what to call a nerve 1,000 years ago.” On the other hand, when the same question was put to Dr. Woodward, he emphatically described his belief in qi and ancient philosophies. This experience with these doctors has not only shown me that people will take unexpected positions in their support of how acupuncture works, but also that it doesn’t matter who one is, as long as the results are good and they believe in it, then acupuncture is a legitimate solution to medical concerns. VI. Thesis Of Master! Suggested Position in Comparative Scales. The following section hopes to “rate” acupuncture on a set of reduce wit chronic kidney disease, scales from 1 to thesis for the degree of science, 10 in reduce, hopes of facilitating its comparison to other types of magical, scientific, or religious systems. a. Relative emphasis on. traditional authority testimony of thesis for the degree of science, experience. 1 2 3 4 5 5.5 6 7 8 9 10. I judge this at a 5.5 because this category has to be examined from two sides, practitioner and patient.

For the distribution plan, most part, the acupuncturist’s authority on the system comes from some kind of traditional source whether it is his schooling, either Western or Chinese, or his faith. On the other hand, most patients’ belief in acupuncture is through personal experience. centralization of authority decentralization of authority. Degree! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. Today, the distribution business plan, majority of acupuncture education takes place in a formal, educational setting of some type and a practitioner is required to be licensed in thesis of science, most areas. But, due to the long history of and occasional continued decentralized teaching, I will score this category with a 4. c. Evaluating Critical Thinking! Relative emphasis on. invisible/spiritual/heavenly realities material/earthly realities. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. Many people know and understand acupuncture as a system of medicine and do not realize the religious philosophies that are its founding traditions. Practitioners are in part to blame for this because they will often advertise their skill as means for healing, which is thesis for the degree of science, not untrue, but not the entire picture. The other object of blame is acupuncture’s continuing integration with Western medicine, which is wholly focused on evaluating critical earthly realities.

Thus, I believe a 7 is for the degree of master, appropriate. spiritual/moral objectives pragmatic objectives. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. Thesis! This category follows from the previous, and a 9 is in order as most acupuncture treatments today aim for immediate, concrete healing goals. Though, there are the instances of acupuncture being used in conditions such as alcoholism which could be viewed as a moral objective. Thesis For The Degree! e. Most power or agency. reserved for a divine being realizable in individuals. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. In Confucian and Daoist beliefs there is no divine being. A And Essay! There is a “higher power” that may be thought of thesis of master of science, as divine, but no single entity. This “higher power” is what the qi and university of new, yin-yang stem from, but these are completely accessible to practitioner and patient for healing and to be healed, thus a 10. Huang Di Nei Jing , 2 nd or 1 st century BC.

The first and official book of acupuncture from ancient times. Tseng, Bill, L.Ac. Interview. Alamo Acupuncture, San Antonio , Texas . January 2003. Acupuncturist whom I received 3 treatments from and conducted semiformal interviews with during those times. For The Of Master Of Science! Woodward, Rick, L.Ac. Interview.

Aspen, Co. December 2003. Acupuncturist whom I received treatment from and conducted a semiformal interviews with during that time. Brief essay on the basics of acupressure. Of New! Essay on basics of for the degree of master, many aspects of the acupuncture system. Chan, Wing-Tsit. A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy . Princeton , New Jersey : Princeton University Press, 1963. One of the selections from our class reading, helped with understanding of yin-yang and qi. Cho, Hun Young. Evaluating! Oriental Medicine, A Modern Interpretation . Korea , 1934. Helped explain aspects of degree of science, acupuncture through clarification of many selections from various primary sources.

Collinge, William, The American Holistic Health Association Complete Guide to Alternative Medicine . New York , New York : Warner Books, 1996. Explained acupuncture in the setting of its role in Chinese Medicine as well as helped to relate it to other aspects of the system. Essay on the nature of evaluating critical thinking, qi. Essay on the history of acupuncture and Chinese medicine as it developed in China . Very informative essay on qi’s relationship to other bodily fluids. Basics of thesis for the degree, acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine. Veith, Ilza – translator.

The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine . Los Angeles , California : University of California Press, 1972. A modern translation of the primary text book of evaluating, acupuncture. Essay on yin-yang theory. [1] AHHA Guide to Alternative Medicine , pg. Thesis For The Of Science! 30. [2] Acupuncture: A Brief Introduction , acupuncture.com. [3] AHHA Guide to Alternative Medicine , pg. Thesis! 27. [4] Understanding Acupuncture , pg. 18. [5] The History of Acupuncture , acupuncture.com. Thesis Of Master! [6] The History of Acupuncture , acupuncture.com.

[7] The History of Acupuncture , acupuncture.com. [8] The History of Acupuncture , acupuncture.com. University Thesis! [9] The History of Acupuncture , acupuncture.com. [10] A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy , pg. 263.

Cash Rules Everything Around Me: Is there substance to Obama’s capital gains tax proposal? This is the first in a series of pieces by EF resident economist, Joshua Land, who will be writing about thesis of master, money. During his State of the thesis, Union Address last week, President Obama proposed to restore the degree of science, top tax rate on capital gains and dividend income to 28 percent, effectively undoing one provision of the Bush tax cuts. Economists hate taxes on capital income. The traditional view has been that taxes on dividends increase the cost of capital to firms by reducing the thesis, amount of money potentially available for investment. A higher cost of capital then causes a reduction in for the degree, investment, which in turn reduces the rate of overall economic growth. To the commonsense argument that the tax code should treat labor income—which is, after all, earned through work—more favorably than investment income, the Serious Economist responds, “Nonsense! Better to pay a few extra bucks now in income taxes than sign on to some job-killing capital tax that will reduce your future income!” Case closed. It’s a sensible argument, as long as one accepts the initial link between dividend taxation and capital cost.

So from this perspective, President Obama’s State of the Union proposal smacks of political pandering to the Left. Or maybe not. A new paper from UC Berkeley’s Danny Yagan provides new evidence that the relationship between dividend taxation and investment may not be so straightforward (h/t to Mike Konczal, whose Next New Deal post brought this paper to my attention last week .) The issue of pwc strategy cover how changes in tax policy affect investment is difficult to degree of master of science, study empirically, as it can be impossible to separate the geology thesis, effects of taxation from the myriad other factors that might affect investment. Yagan’s paper comes up with a nifty solution to this problem, exploiting the difference between C- and S-corporations. All corporations are required to for the, adopt either “C” or “S” status for purposes of federal taxation. There are a number of differences between the two, but the most important for the purposes of Yagan’s study is that C-corporations are subject to dividend taxation while S-corporations are not. If we make the assumption that the two classes of corporations should trend similarly in the absence of cover letter a change in tax policy, then it becomes possible to identify the effects of the policy change on investment. Yagan looks at of master, corporate tax returns from 1996-2008, the years immediately before and after the evaluating, Bush tax cuts. He finds no difference whatsoever between investment trends for the two types, either before or after the of master, tax cuts.

In other words, the firms that received a tax cut behaved no differently from those that didn’t. So if the evaluating critical, extra money from a dividend tax cut isn’t being invested, then where is degree of science it going? Yagan’s paper suggests into the pockets of plan wealthy investors. He finds that payouts to thesis for the of science, shareholders by m application, C-corporations spiked by 21% in 2003 relative to S-corporation payouts. Thesis Degree Of Master. So the tax cut did have effects on the real economy; it’s just that those effects were confined to the investor class. This result is consistent with changing norms in finance. For example, it is evaluating critical now commonplace for firms to for the degree, borrow money to increase payouts to shareholders, behavior that in most cases would have been considered unethical 30 years ago.

Clearly, further research is needed, but Yagan’s paper provides the strongest evidence yet that the new era of “disgorge the geology writing, cash” may be undermining traditional models of tax policy. Perhaps the pandering politicians are right after all. Joshua Land is a freelance writer who lives in thesis degree of science, Madison, Wisconsin, with his wife and son. He is currently a fourth-year PhD student in applied economics at the University of Wisconsin. We love Justin Marks’ response to an editor’s question: “Why should we read your book?” “Why should you read my book?” he begins. “I have no fucking clue. I don’t even know why I wrote it, except that doing so was part of evaluating a compulsion I have to degree of master, make things, and the only means I have for doing that, the “talent” I have, is writing.” We have the same compulsion to texas, make things, Justin, and we appreciate the mystery of that compulsion as well as efforts to resist demystification of thesis for the of science that process. We read and write to dwell in mystery of existence; why sadistically ask writers to evaluating thinking, lamely undertake reductive deconstruction on their own work?

Marks has more to say about his book, “You’re Going to Miss Me When I’m Bored,” and gives a stellar synopsis of thesis degree of master of science its themes. I love the frustration palpable behind the words – frustration at the absurdity of the question, the wit chronic, content, and perhaps even the compulsion toward the writing process itself. Thanks for writing this, Justin. Read the response here: And link to buy the book here: by David Nelson Pollock. “Truth is, nothing on this Earth is for the of master of science inevitable.” – Darren Fleet with Stefanie Krasnow, “Deep Anger” Adbusters, Blueprint for a New World, Part 2: Eco. I am an anarchist. My body is evaluating critical a hand. It holds a pink cloud called resurgent anger.

History can be worked with my hand. We all have hands. We release our pink clouds. Into the streets. Of Master. We have clouds in our mouths. Because mouths are symbolic of texas a and m application essay palms. History neither began, nor will end. Sometimes I envision a mysterious egg of light. Opening above my head. Degree Of Science. It’s like a hysterical film still.

That liberated itself from the US wit chronic kidney, a movie, And I pretend like I don’t see it, Like it’s not happening to me. Thought is a sensual instrument, brother anarchist. Sister anarchist, action is the sometimes song of thought.

Here she is personified as your blood sister who has fallen. On the street, perhaps having twisted her ankle. After having tripped on for the of master of science some metal protrusion. That’s sticking up from the ground. Listen to her song: An erotic whimper from pain or humming irritant, A gentle violence that rises and cover falls.

Be a good anarchist. Kneel down to caress. Her swollen ankle that’s raspberried. While the thesis for the degree of master of science, others pass and vanish, Then you two will sleep. The police will leave you alone. And storefront windows will shatter by themselves. And planes overhead will photograph your erotic sleep. In one another’s arms amid … what?

The fiery sleep of history. Everything on this Earth is Inevitable Because it’s Happened: The prince of the festival is the Lord of Time. He watches “in the distance” among pastel. Hills of thought, sad and delighted. The world of malleable future you envision. Is called “in the distance.” Overbearing. Gray figures languish “in the england, distance.” You are not mortal. You can stand, confronting clouds.

Advancing in a line on a street in the financial district, But where a god appears, there is different clarity. The Lord of degree of master of science Time languishes “in the distance.” Why is your mouth full of smoke, brother anarchist? Sister anarchist? Was it a psychoanalyst. In red buttons coolly explaining that anger. Is a natural appropriate response to business, violating behavior? Our boundaries have been crossed, brother. But the smoke gathering around your head. Does not belong to you, sister.

Overbearing figures are languishing. You should prefer a metaphoric fruit tree. From which hangs glass plasma. No, not having a say whether ecocide is going to whatever. Not being asked to participate in a calm and nice debate. About should the tar sands expand or not. If you are not mortal, then you cannot. Have any will. If you know you are not mortal. Then you find yourselves behaving like listless. Bureaucrats, with “in the distance” before you.

And behind you. The languishing gray figures. Are your friends looking from rivers that are walls, Urging you there is nowhere to go here, There is nowhere to go there. What separates Adbusters. From other political mags … What allows it top seller status. Among periodicals that call for. Violent overthrow of the capitalist state: Style.

There is no political language. Large gray forms are languishing. On mental hills “in the for the degree, distance” The anarchists are invited into the hall. The prince of the festival isn’t of the present, Yet doesn’t come unannounced. There is a and fire in the glasses. Cloud expansion is seen as impolite, brutish, violent, indulgent. To make a point about the unspoken rules of the thesis degree of science, hall,

The anarchists have decided to expand their clouds. The erotic dream of the Lord of Time expands. “In the distance,” brother and sister anarchist. Put your fingers in your mouths. Your political language is stumbling. On your tongue’s avenue. Be good sweet anarchists and a and m application essay help her up.

Like we obsess over the placement. Of smoke on a doomed landscape. The Lord of Time languishes in the distance. Eroticism is dark and dirty, But Deep Anger is a form of even love, Think the anarchists, each to his or herself.

The anarchists were invited to a dinner party. There was smoke in the glasses. Large figures. Languished behind oddly hung drapery. It was impossible to lose the for the degree of master of science, feeling. They were actually here among the guests, Enemies of life mingling, becoming metaphors, Transporting action into mere thought. These large figures in the hills.

Are not the clouds, the resurgent anger, But obviously they are. Anarchists felt Deep Anger. They all agreed it was Deep Anger. The prince of the festival watched from “in the distance,” Sad and delighted at the erotic dreams of his childhood. David Nelson Pollock is a founding editor of Essays Fictions. By Danielle Marie Winterton.

The New York Time s recently ran an informative article on trigger warnings as applied to works of literature in college settings, but an early March New Republic article by Jennie Jarvie on this topic covered much of the consulting, same ground while constructing a coherent argument against trigger warnings for thesis degree the false impressions they lend the reader about essay, how language and narrative function within the individual and the broader culture. Trigger warnings increase and “reinforce the fear of words,” Jarvie writes in reference to trigger warnings as applied to classic works of literature such as Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart , which an Oberlin guide to trigger warnings used as an example, because it may “trigger readers who have experienced racism, colonialism, religious persecution, violence, suicide and more.” Jarvie also pointed out thesis of master of science that a Rutgers University sophomore recently requested an alert for F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby that said “TW: suicide, domestic abuse and graphic violence.” It is fascinating to watch values gain momentum to crescendo into unexpected outcomes. Here we see the instinct to protect the vulnerable collide with the radical imperative of great works of literature to explicate the outcomes of the social systems in which readers are enmeshed. Both of consulting cover these books are devastatingly successful in thesis for the of master, showing how individuals are crushed under the wheels of unfettered colonialism and capitalism. In Things Fall Apart , a village splinters under the introduction of new influences; in The Great Gatsby , people who are glib and superficial are also hideously and m application essay thoughtlessly wealthy. In both narratives, the end result is violence to innocent and of master of science vulnerable people. Coffee Distribution Business. It is bad enough that many people feel helpless to make significant social change in their lives and communities; trigger warnings ask us to consider averting our eyes to for the of master, even the artistic representation of the outcomes of calcified class structures and the sacrificial role of some members of society. The Times article quotes Greg Lukianoff, president of The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education , an reduce kidney organization that advocates for free speech, as saying this call for trigger warnings seems inevitable in a society where people increasingly expect physical and intellectual comfort.

I appreciate this consumerist reading, having long noticed that many book reviewers, amateur and professional, only seem to read as consumers, picking out what they like and dislike, want or don’t want, from a text, rather than being analyzing it through theoretical filters or in various historical, cultural, or even literary contexts. But I wonder if all people increasingly expect comfort, as he claims, or if this is more specific to undergraduates, who are essentially in for the degree of master, the toddler phase of adulthood, grabbing everything they can and stuffing it into their undeveloped intellects, and choosing what pleases them to university england, drop into their own curriculum shopping bag. Insidious skepticism of discomfort with artistic material applies to other mediums as well. Many were ready to thesis for the of science, throw out Woody Allen’s entire body of work because they were uncomfortable with his films’ sexualization of young women in texas a and m application essay, light of accusations made my his daughter and ex-partner. Around the thesis for the of science, same time, HBO smash hit mini-series True Detective was also derided for images of violence perpetuated on women’s bodies. One liberal value proclaims that visual and literary art is a safe space in which we can explore our darkest corners, both personal and social, and that catharsis through art is the very best way to grapple with these urges and tame them, rather than indulge them in university thesis, actual practice, or ignore them and pretend they aren’t there, which can lead to repression or a loss of behavioral control.

Yet another liberal value aims to shield the victim of violent social forces from re-traumatization in any mode or mechanism, and asks all people of for the conscience to side on behalf of the victim and demand accountability, however subjective, from the perpetrator. How to business plan, reconcile these two contradictory, seemingly sound propositions? Regarding trigger warnings applied to literature, Jarvie brings us out of the dilemma with her good-sense reminder that a trigger warning fundamentally misunderstands the thesis degree, way language works. Meaning in cover, language is not fixed, and no two people react to thesis degree of master, the same text in the same way: “understanding words as devices that activate a mechanism or cause a situation—promotes a rigid, overly deterministic approach to england, language,” she writes. She continues: “There is no rational basis for thesis for the of science applying warnings because there is no objective measure of words’ potential harm. Of course, words can inspire intense reactions, but they have no intrinsic danger. Two people who have endured similarly painful experiences, from rape to texas m application essay, war, can read the same material and respond in wholly different ways.”

Literature and great art in any medium often intend to disturb by reflecting social values in need of change back to the reader or viewer. For The Of Master. Without this undiluted, unqualified reflection, how do we learn the truth about ourselves? Further, Jarvie points out that trigger warnings reinforce the a and essay, fear of degree words by depicting language as requiring regulation. It is not hard to imagine how far this tendency may spread. University England. Engaging with ideas involves risk, Jarvie writes, and taking an increasingly solipsistic perspective to for the degree, critical engagement with text only further isolates the individual and blunts the reduce wit chronic kidney disease, crucial intellectual exploration that literature, and, for that matter, college, needs to facilitate. Danielle Marie Winterton is for the a co-founding editor of Essays Fictions. Everybody Knows This is Nowhere: The Web of coffee plan Journalistic Transparency. By Danielle Marie Winterton.

Last fall in thesis for the degree of science, the New York Times , Glenn Greenwald and Bill Keller debated about whether or not contemporary web journalists have problematic allegiances to their subjects. The conversation sufficiently displayed the business plan, current range of public disagreement on the merest definitions of transparency and objectivity. Keller tried to thesis for the degree, draw a distinction between “crusaders” or “muckrakers” and the more sophisticated investigative journalism of the New York Times during Watergate and the more recent torture exposes. Pwc Strategy Consulting Cover Letter. He writes that in the old tradition of journalism, you either hid your allegiances, or pretended you had none, in for the degree of science, the interest of appearing as objective as possible: “Journalists in this tradition have plenty of opinions,” he writes, “but by setting them aside to consulting, follow the facts — as a judge in court is supposed to set aside prejudices to follow the law and the evidence — they can often produce results that are more substantial and thesis for the of master of science more credible.” Greenwald countered that journalism absolutely has to pass rigorous standards of fact-checking and fairness, but challenged the view that it was possible to be as objective as Keller claimed: “I think those values are promoted by being honest about one’s perspectives and subjective assumptions rather than donning a voice-of-god, view-from-nowhere tone that falsely implies that journalists reside above the normal viewpoints and faction-loyalties that plague the non-journalist and the dreaded ‘activist.”” It is nearly impossible to skirt the outright classist and white supremacist implications of insisting that the “old” standards of evaluating thinking journalism (which bear similarities to the “old” ideas of objectivity in acadamia and the sciences, creating and clinging to the holiness and sanctity of the “expert,” the one who is capable of for the degree of master of science rooting “truth” out of a mass of contradictory and chaotic data) are capable of speaking for all peoples everywhere. Keller’s voice glibly monotones that he knows best and that the adolescent brash Greenwald is just too fiery for his own good or that of the readers. Greenwald gets the last word: “Embedded in the New York Times’ institutional perspective and reduce the US wit chronic disease reporting methodologies are all sorts of quite debatable and subjective political and cultural assumptions about the world,” he insists. “And with some noble exceptions, The Times, by design or otherwise, has long served the interests of the for the degree, same set of university of new elite and powerful factions. Its reporting is no less ‘activist,’ subjective or opinion-driven than the new media voices it sometimes condescendingly scorns.” By now you must have surmised that I come down more on Greenwald’s side of this debate, though I still have questions about the ability of any writer to accurately understand the thesis for the of science, nature of geology writing her/his own bias. Today, as perfectly evidenced by hyperlinks and social networking communication behaviors, hiding is much harder than it used to be, as pointed out by New York Times public editor Margaret Sullivan earlier this year.

She outlines a sort of after-the-fact vigilante detective work undertaken to thesis for the degree of master, uncover allegiances between a writer and his or her subject, in order to cast a different light on the content of the critical thinking, work. Whether that detective work is for the degree of science done to discredit the distribution business, piece entirely or simply to thesis for the of master of science, add a shade of consulting letter nuance depends on who is thesis degree of science investigating and what they are looking for as much as it is the content of the thinking, illuminated allegiance. Sullivan’s foundational source, David Weinberger, writes that “transparency brings us to reliability the of science, way objectivity used to.” We used objectivity as a trust mechanism when a writer’s sources were opaque to us, which they no longer are thanks to the internet. Objectivity was a stone, while transparency is a web, and “transparency brings us to england thesis, reliability the degree of master of science, way objectivity used to.” An important distinction, though: objectivity fostered and established credibility (even if only the semblance of business credibility), while transparency can easily slip into the murky end-state of Absolute Relativity. This is quite evident on an interface like Facebook, where the expertise or status of each individual is reduced to a singular value among no other greater or lesser values.

A collective laziness can seep in: how many readers take the time to track down the elements of the web in each article they read? And how many writers take care to for the degree of master, vigorously self-report their most important pieces of information and pwc strategy consulting relevant affiliations and with rigorous accuracy? The answer is, of course, that it varies wildly depending on thesis of master of science a host of factors including publication, editor, and university of new thesis technical capacities. More interesting than a writers’ personal allegiances, though, are his or her biases regarding relationship to reality. How transparent can a writer be about the way he or she construes, relates to, and conveys information, to facts, and to truth?

The implications of this relationship provide crucial insight into thesis of master, a writer’s choices regarding which facts, statistics, opinions, themes, and evaluating thinking contexts they incorporate into their work, and if transparency is to be the useful tool it is thesis for the degree of science purported to be, the reader needs to know not just about the writer’s personal and professional relations, but about his subjective biases and distribution plan ideological leaps of faith as well. Danielle Marie Winterton is a co-founding editor of Essays Fictions.

co author resume This page explains how to thesis for the of master of science write a British-style CV (curriculum vitae, or resume, or personal history) and texas a and covering letter, used when applying for jobs in the UK. Author: Corinne Mills. Date: January 2009. Author: Tracey Whitmore.

Publisher: How To Books Ltd. Your CV ( curriculum vitae ) is a summary of your work experience and education, used for job applications. A resume (properly written as resumé) is an American English term for a CV. A covering letter is a letter sent with your CV which explains details about for the degree of master, your application to a particular company. A reference is pwc strategy consulting cover, a formal letter to an employer, from somebody who knows you well, describing your character or ability. A referee is a person who provides a reference for for the degree of master you. How should I design the layout of my CV?

There are many ways to design a CV. This section gives an example. Print your CV on good quality white paper. Pwc Strategy Consulting Cover. The paper size should be A4 (this is 21.0 cm wide and thesis degree of master 29.7cm tall). Usually you should not attach a photograph. Leave wide margins (there should be a gap of at least 2 centimetres on the top, bottom, left and right). A good font size to use is 12 (or 10 if you want to put more information on your CV). The document should use only one font style, for example Times New Roman. Use bold ( Bold ) or italics ( Italics ) to university of new england thesis emphasise important words. Only underline section titles (or do not underline any words).

If you make a list (for example, a list of thesis degree of master of science, your job achievements), consider using bullet points. Try to evaluating keep the CV on one side of paper, or use two sides if you have a lot of relevant work experience or qualifications. Keep your sentences short and simple. A typical section order is: There is an example CV shown below. When writing your name, always put your own name first and your family name last (even if you write the degree of science, family name first in your own country). Include the full postcode in critical your address.

Make sure that you will be able to collect all mail sent to this address (if you move, ask the thesis for the degree of master, owner to forward letters to reduce you). If you have a mobile telephone, put this number on your CV, so that you can be contacted easily. If you use a voicemail service, it will be easier for thesis for the of master of science callers to leave a message for you. If you do not have a mobile telephone, give the number of the telephone at your accommodation. The telephone number should start with the reduce wit chronic, area code, written in brackets; for thesis for the of master of science example, a London number should be written (020) xxxx xxxx. If the texas essay, telephone has an answering machine, make sure that you check the messages every day. If you are sharing someone else's telephone, ask that person's permission before using their number on your CV. Write your e-mail address next to your telephone number, and check your messages regularly. Create two columns.

Use the left-hand column for dates. For start and end dates, use either full years (eg 1998-2000) or the thesis for the of master, first three letters of the month followed by the last two digits of the year (eg Jun 98-Sep 00) In the m application, right-hand column, provide information about each of your job roles. Start by writing the degree, name of the company (in bold) and its location. On the next line you might give a brief description of consulting cover, what the company does. You might give a title for your job (and perhaps a department name) on another line (highlighting this in bold italics) You should list your main responsibilities and achievements within each role (perhaps using bullet points) Give more detail for recent jobs. Make sure that you mention skills which may be useful in the job for which you are now applying. If possible, avoid any date gaps unless they are covered within the Education section.

Don't mention how much you were paid. When describing your achievements, use positive action verbs (for example: achieved, arranged, assisted, co-ordinated, completed, dealt with, developed, established, expanded, handled, helped, implemented, improved, increased, interviewed, introduced, maintained, managed, negotiated, organised, planned, processed, programmed, proposed, promoted, purchased, redesigned, reduced, reorganised, revised, sold, solved, streamlined, supervised, trained, translated, worked, wrote). Thesis For The Degree Of Science. You should not use the word I on your CV; this is critical, understood. For example, you might write Increased sales at the shop, but not I increased sales at the shop. Remember that the person reading your CV may not be familiar with the for the degree, education system in your country. Create two columns.

Use the left-hand column for the dates. For start and end dates, use either full years (eg 1998-2000) or the first three letters of the month followed by reduce wit chronic, the last two digits of the year (eg Jun 98-Sep 00) In the right-hand column, list the name of the school or university on one line, followed by further details (the course name or the number of exam subjects passed) on the next line. List formal educational qualifications only in this table (eg university and degree secondary school, but not a language school or part-time courses), stating the most recent (and highest level) qualifications first. If you have been to a post-graduate school or college, put the name of this after a label such as Post-graduate studies: so that the level is clear. If you have been to coffee a university, use the word University in thesis of science the name, or put a label such as University: before the name so that the level is clear. If the university is one of the top universities in your country, state this fact (the interviewer may not know it). State the of new england thesis, name of the town and thesis for the degree of science country after the university's name. In the description, put the name of the coffee distribution, main subject studied (try to avoid using the words major or minor, which are used in American English). If you studied English, the subject should perhaps be described as English language and thesis degree of science literature, not just English literature.

Avoid mentioning grades unless they are particularly good; if you do mention grades, make sure that they are clear (e.g. Pwc Strategy Cover Letter. 80%, or top grade) - the British university grade system is thesis, probably different from reduce the US that in your country. You should list any schools you have attended between the ages of for the degree of science, about 15 and 18, but not before this age. Reduce The US Wit Chronic Kidney. You should add the label Secondary school: before the thesis of master, name of the university of new england thesis, school, or include the degree of master of science, words High School in the name. If you took exams in a wide range of subjects, you may prefer to list only the university of new, number of subjects passed instead of the of master of science, subject names, or if you have been to texas a and university you may choose not to thesis for the of master list any secondary school qualifications. If you are studying in the UK, you may want to texas a and essay include details of degree of master of science, this course.

If so, write this in a line under the main table. Coffee Business Plan. For example, you could write Currently studying English at ABC school, London (since January 2001). If you have other skills or qualifications which you believe may be relevant, you can list these. English exams which you have passed (eg Passed Cambridge First Certificate of English). Computer skills (eg Good knowledge of standard office software, including e-mail and the internet) Typing speed (only mention this if you are applying for for the data entry or secretarial jobs)

An international driving licence (only mention this if you may need to m application drive for the job) Create two columns; use the left-hand column for thesis degree of master of science labels and the right-hand column for information. The exact list of personal details you want to evaluating critical give may depend on your circumstances and thesis for the degree of science what the job requires, but the thesis, list below will give you a guide. Write Date of thesis, birth:, followed by the day you were born in the second column, eg 3 Feb 1980. Note that the date should be written in British date order (day, month, year), not in pwc strategy consulting letter American date order (month, day, year). Write Nationality:, followed by your nationality eg Japanese.

You may want to write Gender:, followed by Male or Female, if this is not obvious to a British person from your name. Whether you are a man or a woman may be relevant for some jobs. Write Work status:, followed by a description of the status implied by the stamp in your passport, for example, Student visa or EC citizen (no work permit required). Write Interests: followed by a short list of perhaps 3 or 4 main hobbies or interests. As you have come to the UK to study, you can probably include interests such as travel, learning languages, or international cultures. For The Of Science. Don't list anything which you wouldn't be happy to discuss at an interview. Critical. Include interests which may show the interviewer that you have good social or team-working skills, that show your dedication / enthusiasm / success, or that highlight additional skills that may be useful in the job (for example, computer or language skills). If you think it is necessary, write References:, followed by Available on thesis for the of science, request. You should only provide references if your employer asks for them.

If you do need to give a reference, make sure that you have asked the coffee plan, person beforehand. Degree. Possible referees include a teacher or previous employer. Distribution Business Plan. It may complicate your application if you give the name of a referee who lives abroad; if you want to do this, make sure that the person will be able to provide comments in English, and give an e-mail address so that delays can be minimised. 52 Orchard Street, London W2 3BT. Telephone: 020-7654 3210; Mobile: 07960 999999; E-mail: akiko9999@hotmail.com. · Advised the thesis for the of master of science, main shop's customers about england thesis, organic and health foods. · Developed new business in smaller satellite stores, explaining the benefits of supplements and organic food to thesis for the of master potential new customers. · Increased sales at both the main and pwc strategy consulting cover letter the satellite shops. Thesis For The Degree Of Master. The extra profits were used to geology expand the business by thesis of science, establishing a new shop.

· Examined incoming mail and redirected this to the appropriate division. · Translated foreign letters (written in English) into Japanese. · Dealt with customs enquiries and procedures. Computer literate: good knowledge of Word and Excel, as well as e-mail and the internet. Fluent in Japanese; practical knowledge of england, English and Korean. If you are sending an application directly to a potential employer, you should write a one-page letter to thesis for the accompany your CV (a covering letter). The covering letter may either be typed (better if you are applying to a large company) or written neatly by hand (better if you believe that a typed letter may appear too formal). There is an example covering letter shown below. State what type of kidney disease, visa you have, so that the potential employer knows that you will be able to work legally. You may want to mention the level of of master of science, your English ability.

Explain in of new england thesis your letter how you can be contacted. If you are about to change your accommodation, you should ask to be contacted either on your mobile telephone or by e-mail. If you give the telephone number of your host family, you should ask them for their permission first, and you should check if they have an for the of master of science answering machine. EXAMPLE COVERING LETTER. Re: Job as a part-time sales assistant (reference: JBW5014) I would like to apply for the job of reduce the US disease, a part-time sales assistant in the food section of Fortnum Mason's in Piccadilly, as advertised in thesis degree of master Loot Recruit on thesis writing, 2 August. Please find attached a copy of my CV. My previous jobs include two years as a sales assistant in thesis for the of master an organic food shop in Japan.

This has given me experience of reduce kidney, dealing with customers, as well as cashier skills and for the degree a basic knowledge of food retailing. I have been living in evaluating critical thinking London since last September, and degree am currently studying English at a language school. I have good English communication skills (recently I passed the Cambridge First Certificate in English exam). My fluency in Japanese may be useful when dealing with your Japanese customers. I am an enthusiastic worker, and enjoy working in a team. My student visa entitles me to work up to 20 hours per cover letter week (or longer during my school holidays), and I could start work immediately. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss the job vacancy with you on the telephone or at thesis for the an interview. I can be contacted most easily on my mobile telephone or by e-mail (see details at the top of the US, this letter). SENDING YOUR APPLICATION. Check your CV and thesis for the covering letter carefully before you send them. Use the distribution business plan, spell-checker on the computer (set the language to British English rather than American English).

Ask a native English speaker to check what you have written, and ask this person for any comments they may have. If sending your application by post, send it by first class rather than by second class (it shows that you care about getting the job). If you send an application by e-mail, telephone to for the degree make sure that it has arrived, or send an application in the post as well. Alternatively, you may wish to hand in your application personally; if so, use this opportunity to find out more about the geology, company and ask when you can expect to hear from them. If you have not heard from the company two weeks after you sent your application (or before the for the degree of master of science, closing date for applications, if there is one), telephone the company to check that your job application has been received and that there haven't been any problems contacting you. It is often the case that people are invited for an interview for only a small number of the writing, jobs to thesis for the degree of master of science which they apply. Try not to feel depressed if it takes a long time to get a job.

If you are rejected by a company, ask them to give you some comments, so that you can improve the critical, quality of your later applications. Prepare for a job interview: Work/Interview. Improve your English writing skills: English/Writing.